Effects of activated sintering process on properties and microstructure of W-15Cu alloy

The effects of activated sintering technology of H2 atmosphere sintering on the microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloy using ultrafine W-15Cu composite powder fabricated by spray drying calcining-continuous reduction technology were investigated.The experimental results showed that W-15Cu alloy,consolidated by activated sintering technology of H2 atmosphere sintering for 1 h at 1300 ℃,with 98.5 % relative density,transverse rupture strength 1218 MPa,Vickers hardness HV0.5 378,average grain size about 1.2 μm and thermal conductivity 192 W/m·K,was obtained.In comparison to the normal sintering process,activated sintering process to W-15Cu alloy could be achieved at lower sintering temperature.Furthermore,better properties in activated sintered compacts were obtained,and activated sintering process resulted in finer microstructure and excellent properties.     

抑制剂对W-15Cu合金性能与结构影响研究

以喷雾干燥-共还原法制备的W-15Cu超细复合粉末为原料,采用氢气活化烧结制备了W-15Cu高比重合金,研究了晶粒生长抑制剂Y2O3对合金性能与结构的影响。利用扫描电镜、维氏硬度仪、密度测试仪、金相显微镜等,观察烧结体显微结构,测试其硬度、密度与断裂强度。结果表明,在最佳烧结温度下,添加质量分数0.3%Y2O3的W-15Cu合金抗弯强度达到最大值1 128.6 MPa,添加质量分数0.5%Y2O3的W-15Cu维氏硬度达到最大值2.78 GPa,优于未添加抑制剂的W-15Cu合金。Y2O3可以细化W晶粒。     

Microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering process

W-15Cu composite powders prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） of raw powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering （SPS） process at temperature ranged 1 230-1 300 ℃ for 10 min and under a pressure of 30 MPa. By using high energy milling, particles containing very fine tungsten grains embedded in copper, called composite particles, could be produced. The W grains were homogeneously dispersed in copper phase, which was very important to obtain W-Cu alloy with high mechanical properties, fine and homogeneous microstructure. The microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloys prepared by SPS processes at different temperature were researched. The results show that W-15Cu alloys consolidated by SPS can reach 99.6 % relative density, and transverse rupture strength （TRS） is 1 400.9 MPa, Rockwell C hardness （HRC） is 45.2, the thermal conductivity is 196 W/m-K at room temperature, the average grain size is less than 2 μm, and W-15Cu alloy with excellent properties, homogeneous and fine microstructure is obtained.     

Microwave sintering of W-15Cu ultrafine composite powder prepared by spray drying &; calcining-continuous reduction technology

The effects of microwave sintering and conventional H2 sintering on the microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloy using ultrafine W-15Cu composite powder fabricated by spray drying & calcining-continuous reduction technology were investigated.In comparison to the conventional H2 sintering processing,microwave sintering to W-15Cu can be achieved at lower sintering temperature and shorter sintering time.Furthermore,higher performances in microwave sintered compacts were obtained,but high microwave sintering temperature or long microwave sintering time could result in coarser microstructures.     

Consolidation and microstructures of microwave sintered W-25Cu alloys with Fe addition

W-25Cu alloys were microwave sintered in a 2.45 GHz multimode applicator. The densification, microstructure and their dependence on sintering mode and Fe addition were investigated in detail. Owing to the volumetric heating intrinsic in microwave processing, a microstructure with larger W grain size in center regions was observed as against larger grain size in edge regions for conventional sintering. Microwave sintering demonstrates its intrinsic advantages such as rapid heating rate, densification enhancement and microstructural homogeneity; but it undesirably promotes W grain growth. Under microwave sintering, the role of Fe addition on compact consolidation is not so substantial as under conventional sintering. Moreover Fe degrades the microstructural quality, generating worse uniformity and coarser W grains.     

Fe-Al系粉末压坯激光反应烧结的研究

探讨了Fe Al系粉末压坯在激光作用下的反应烧结行为、物相转变、微观结构和硬度特征。结果表明:在短暂的烧结过程中,粉末压坯实现了燃烧和蔓延,完成了单元素组分向产物相的转变,富Al相大多在颗粒边界形成,也有部分是在颗粒内部析出;随Al含量的增多,边界上析出相的Al含量比内部析出的多,试样的硬度值提高。     

球团矿回转窑内结圈物的特性研究

采用XRD、SEM和EDS等测试方法研究球团矿回转窑内结圈物的基本特性和显微结构及其对结圈形成的影响。结果表明,结圈物主要以赤铁矿为主,含有部分磁铁矿,其主要成分是铁的氧化物,其他少量成分以Al2O3、SiO2为主,还有极少量的CaO、K2O、Na2O等碱金属氧化物,它们主要以玻璃相的形式分布在晶界和气孔中。回转窑结圈的生长主要依靠铁氧化物的固相烧结反应,杂质形成的液相对固相烧结反应起到一定的促进作用。     

高能球磨时间对钨铜复合材料性能的影响

将W-15wt%Cu粉在行星式高能球磨机中进行球磨,并将球磨粉末加压烧结成型。研究了不同球磨时间对钨铜复合材料性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM对所制备的球磨粉末及烧结合金分别进行物相分析和组织形貌观察,并测定了烧结合金的相对致密度。结果表明,随着球磨时间的增加,钨铜球磨粉末晶粒尺寸得到细化,且有不饱和固溶体产生;烧结合金晶粒尺寸长大,孔洞减少,相对密度增大接近全致密。     

Microstructures and properties of WC-20Co-1Y_2O_3 cemented carbide by hot-press and liquid phase sintering

1　INTRODUCTIONInRef .[1],averyinterestingandinexplicablefindingwasreportedthataspecialwhisker likeWCgrainstructure ,mostintherangeof 10 0 2 0 0nmindiameterand 1 2mminlength ,wasformedinWC 2 0Co 1Y2 O3cementedcarbidepreparedbyhot pressbelowtheeutectictemperature .ItwasmentionedinthepaperthatWCpowderwithFisherSubsiereSizer(FSSS)of 1μm ,ultrafineCopowder ,andY2 O3powderof 1μmwereusedastherawmaterialsofWC 8Cocementedcarbide .However ,whetherthesamerawmaterialswereusedinWC 2 0Co …     

铝硅比对白云鄂博铁精矿烧结液相流动性的影响

运用红外线微型烧结法对白云鄂博铁精矿烧结液相流动特性进行研究。通过在烧结原料中添加纯化学试剂研究不同Al2O3与SiO2含量之比对烧结液相流动性的影响。结果表明,Al2O3含量的增加虽然促进了烧结液相量的增多,但同时提高了液相的粘度,随着铝硅比的增加烧结试样的液相流动性降低。通过对试样气孔大小的对比,揭示了烧结过程中气孔形成与烧结矿液相流动特性的关系,粘度是控制气孔形成的重要因素。气孔的形成过程伴随着液相在气孔壁上的物理化学反应,气孔直径减小使烧结试样液相流动性变差。     

Rapid Sintering of Alumina in Low Pressure RF Plasma

PlasmashowsmanypeculiarPrOPertiesforspecimenheating.Manyparaxneters,suchasgeneratingmethods,workingpressure,andgasspeciesofplasmaaffectheatingcharacteristicstospecimens.TheplasmasinteringofoxideceramicswasexaminedtOhavethecharacteristicsofrapidheatin...     

Microstructures and properties of WC-2OCo-1Y2O3 cemented carbide by hot-press and liquid phase sintering

Ultrafine tungsten carbide and fine cobalt as well as nano yttrium oxide powders were used as the raw materials. The effects of hot-press below the eutectic temperature and conventional liquid phase sintering on the structures and properties of WC-20Co-1Y2O3 cemented carbide were studied. It is shown that hot-pressed alloy has the character of isotropic properties and microstructure with homogeneous and ultrafine WC grains. However, the ultrafine and fully-densified structure is developed at the cost of the presence of large amount of cobalt-lake (uneven-ly distributed binder phase), and thus lower strength. Yttrium oxide in the alloy cannot play the role of grain growth inhibitor fully when cemented carbide with high content of cobalt and ultrafine raw materials is sintered at high liquid phase sintering temperature. Peculiar platelet-enhanced bi-model structure is formed in WC-20Co-1Y2 O3 cemented carbide by conventional liquid phase sintering, which points out that yttrium oxide in the alloy facilitates the formation of plate-like WC grain.     

碳酸根含量对碳酸羟基磷灰石形貌和热处理的影响分析

采用沉淀法制备了两种不同碳酸根〈CO3^2-）含量的纳米碳酸羟基磷灰石（nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite,CHA）,研究了碳酸根含量对CHA晶体形貌、烧结和热稳定性的影响,用X射线衍射和透射电镜表征了样品的物相组成与形貌．结果表明：随着碳酸根含量的减小,CHA晶粒尺寸和长径比增加;CHA坯体的烧结温度和粉体的热稳定性与初始的碳酸根含量有关,含量越高,烧结温度越低,热稳定性越差．     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 8YSZ ceramics by liquid-phase sintering with CuO-TiO2 addition

The 8% (mass fraction) yttrium-partially-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) ceramic was fabricated via liquid phase sintering at 1 200–1 400 °C by adding different mass ratios of CuO-16.7%TiO₂ (molar fraction) as sintering aid. Relative density, microstructure, Vickers hardness and bending strength as a function of sintering temperature and additive content were investigated. The experiment results show that liquid phase sintering at low temperature can be realized through adding CuO-16.7% TiO₂ to 8YSZ. The Vickers hardness and bending strength of samples with sintering aid are generally much higher than those of samples without sintering aid for all sintering temperatures, and increase with the increase of sintering temperature. When the addition content of CuO-16.7% TiO₂ is beyond 0.5%, the relative density, Vickers hardness and bending strength decrease with the increase of the mass ratio of sintering aid. Low additions of sintering aid are beneficial to aiding densification; high additions of sintering aid are detrimental to the sintered properties mainly due to greater amounts of pores generated by the volatilization of oxygen with the eutectic reaction between copper oxide and titanium dioxide. It is found that the fine grain size and high relative density are two main reasons of the high bending strength and Vickers hardness of the materials.     

Ore-proportioning optimization technique with high proportion of Yandi ore in sintering

The basic sintering characteristics of Yandi ore from Australia,including assimilation ability,liquid phase fluidity,self-strength of bonding phase,forming ability of silico ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA),and so on,were investigated in detail.Besides,the high temperature behavior and function of sintering were obtained.As a result,the techniques for ore-proportioning in sintering were obtained.The results show that Yandi ore possessing higher assimilation ability,better liquid phase fluidity,lower s...     

Manufacture of the Ultrafine Grain WC/Co Cemented Carbides by Combined Sintering Processing

A new kind of sintering process, combined sintering process. i.e. vacuum sintering plus hot isolate pressure sintering (HIP), was introduced for producing ultrafine WC-10% Co (mass fraction. so as the follows) cemented carbides. The effects of some processing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the obtained cemented carbides were studied. The results show that the rapid shrinkage and the pronounced densification of tile cemented carbides took place during the vacuum sintering stage, which is intinaately correlated with the local liquid sintering occurred during this earl} sintering stage for the high surface activity of ultrafine WC-Co powder. The way of high pressure imposing. isothermal treatment cycle during ac.acuum sintering and HIP sintering stage directly influence the densitication of compacts and the mechanical properties of the produced WC-10%Co cemented carbides.     

Growth kinetics of cubic carbide free layers in graded cemented carbides

In order to reveal the formation mechanism of cubic carbide free layers (CCFL),graded cemented carbides with CCFL in the surface zone were fabricated by a one-step sintering procedure in vacuum,and the analysis on microstructure and element distribution were performed by scanuing electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA),respectively.A new physical model and kinetic equation were established based on experimental results.Being different from previous models,this model suggests that nitrogen diffusion outward is only considered as an induction factor,and the diffusion of titanium through liquid phase plays a dominative role.The driving force of diffusion is expressed as the differential value between nitrogen partial pressure and nitrogen equilibrium pressure essentially.Simulation results by the kinetic equation are in good agreement with experimental values,and the effect of process parameters on the growth kinetics of CCFL can also be explained reasonably by the current model.     

相场法模拟烧结后期陶瓷晶粒生长及气孔组织演化研究

采用相场模型模拟了烧结后期陶瓷微观组织演化过程。在二维模拟系统中分别设置不同大小、含量以及数量的气孔,分析了气孔的脱钩现象,研究了烧结后期气孔对陶瓷晶粒生长动力学的影响规律。模拟结果表明,陶瓷晶粒尺寸与气孔率和气孔数量成反比,与气孔尺寸成正比。     

Vibration Effect and Damage Evolution Characteristics of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Under Cyclic Blasting Loading

Model test studies based on the similarity theory were conducted to investigate vibration effect and damage evolution characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock under push-type cyclic blasting excavation. The model was constructed with a ratio of 1:15. By simulating the tunnel excavation of push-type cyclic blasting, the influence of the blasting parameter change on vibration effect was explored. The damage degree of tunnel surrounding rock was evaluated by the change of the acoustic wave velocity at the same measuring point after blasting. The relationship between the damage evolution of surrounding rock and blasting times was established. The research results show that:① In the same geological environment, the number of delay initiation is larger, the main vibration frequency of blasting seismic wave is higher, and the attenuation of high frequency signal in the rock and soil is faster. The influence of number of delay initiation on blasting vibration effect cannot be ignored; ② Under push-type cyclic blasting excavation, there were great differences in the decreasing rates of acoustic wave velocity of the measuring points which have the same distance to the blasting region at the same depth, and the blasting damage ranges of surrounding rock were typically anisotropic at both depth and breadth; ③ When blasting parameters were basically kept as the same, the growth trend of the cumulative acoustic wave velocity decreasing rate at the measuring point was nonlinear under different cycle blasting excavations; ④ There were nonlinear evolution characteristics between the blasting cumulative damage (D) of surrounding rock and blasting times (n) under push-type cyclic blasting loading, and different measuring points had corresponding blasting cumulative damage propagation models, respectively. The closer the measuring point was away from the explosion source, the faster the cumulative damage extension. Blasting cumulative damage effect of surrounding rock had typically nonlinear evolution properties and anisotropic characteristics.     

ODS HT9钢的制备及其性能研究

用氮气雾化的HT9粉末和Y₂O₃粉末为原料,通过机械球磨的方法制备ODS(oxide dispersion strengthened, 即氧化物弥散强化)合金钢粉末,采用SPS(spark plasma sintering, 即放电等离子烧结)的方法制备不同烧结温度下的ODS HT9钢,通过光学显微镜、XRD、SEM、维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机等试验设备,研究不同球磨工艺(球磨时间及球料比)和烧结温度分别对ODS合金钢粉末特性和性能的影响。结果表明:球磨时间30 h以及球料比为10:1时,粉末颗粒大小均匀且晶粒尺寸趋于稳定,在烧结温度1 000 ℃和1 050 ℃;ODS HT9钢中只有铁素体-马氏体相,在烧结温度为1 000 ℃时,其抗拉强度、致密度和硬度分别达到了955 MPa、98.6%和460 HV1;其抗拉强度和硬度比普通类似成分的316不锈钢分别提高了48%和52%,获得了较好的性能。