塔河原油电脱盐助剂筛选及工艺条件优化

针对塔河原油微小固体含量多、沥青质及胶质含量高、结晶盐及部分极性物质间存在相互吸附的特点,选取10种不同类型破乳剂进行高温电脱盐评价实验,筛选出性能较好的油溶性破乳剂TH4,并在此基础上,考察了6种脱盐助剂对电脱盐效果的影响,筛选出效果较好的有机脱盐助剂AD4。利用正交试验法对电脱盐操作进行了工艺条件优化。结果表明,在破乳剂TH4加入量50μg/g、电场强度1 300 V/cm、注水量10%(质量分数)、温度140℃、脱盐助剂AD4加入量40μg/g、手工振荡200次、停留时间30 min及三级电脱盐的操作条件下,塔河原油三级电脱盐后盐质量浓度不大于3 mg/L,含水率小于0.3%,符合中石化行业标准的技术要求。根据静态优化工艺操作条件,在动态中试电脱盐装置上进行验证试验,三级电脱盐后含盐量、含水率均与静态实验结果相符。     

塔河原油电脱盐动态评价实验研究及工业应用

针对加工塔河原油电脱盐脱水难度大的问题,在实验室静态电脱盐试验的基础上,进行了动态电脱盐评价实验,确定水溶性破乳剂NS-8为电脱盐最佳破乳剂,并在动态实验的操作条件进行工业应用,结果表明:脱后原油含盐量低于3mg/L,脱后原油含水率小于0.3%,符合相关行业标准。     

塔河重质稠油电脱盐技术研究

根据塔河原油的性质和脱盐难度大等特点,开发了新型高效破乳剂ERI1160和改进了鼠笼式电脱盐设备。介绍了鼠笼式电脱盐装置和破乳剂ERI1160在新疆塔河分公司1．5 Mt／a常压焦化装置中的应用情况,满足了其工艺要求。     

常减压电脱盐装置深度脱盐工艺探讨

当今的电脱盐装置已成为下游装置优质原料所必不可少的预处理装置，是炼油厂降低能耗、减轻设备腐蚀和结垢、减少催化剂消耗、改善产品 质量的工艺过程。针对2号常减压电脱盐装置运行情况，从破乳剂的选择及工艺选择等方面对如何提高脱盐效果作了些分析探讨。     

电脱盐优化试验及效果

原油电脱盐是减缓蒸馏装置腐蚀及降低二次加工装置催化剂中毒的重要工艺,由于加工油种切换频繁和掺炼索鲁士原油对电脱盐装置的平稳运行会造成非常大的影响。通过筛选,发现YS油溶性破乳剂对索鲁士油具有良好的脱盐效果,并对多油种具有良好的适应性;证实在脱盐温度大于125℃时对深度脱盐有明显效果;碱性净化水易致电脱盐排水浑浊。经改造优化后的第Ⅰ、第Ⅲ和第Ⅳ套电脱盐装置运行检测数据表明：通过采用合适的原油破乳剂以及提升电脱盐罐温度至135℃后,脱盐合格率大大提高,其中第Ⅳ套电脱盐装置脱盐合格率连续两年达100%。     

高酸超稠原油电脱盐工艺条件优化

以克拉玛依高酸超稠原油为原料,考察了破乳剂种类及用量、注水量、温度、电场强度、电场停留时间以及脱盐级数等因素对电脱盐工艺条件的影响。实验结果表明,综合原油脱水率、界面/附壁情况及出水颜色等指标,SXF2040破乳剂对该原油破乳效果较好,选择其作为该原油破乳剂。在SXF2040破乳剂用量为20μg/g、注水量为10%、温度为130℃、电场强度为~400/-800/-12 00 V/cm、电场停留时间为12/10/8 min及两级电场处理等条件下,原油脱盐效果较好,且脱盐后原油中的盐质量浓度小于3.0 mg/L,水质量分数小于0.30%,满足石化企业对稠油盐含量和水含量的质量要求。在上述最优条件下,经脱盐后的原油中盐及水含量的相对标准偏差分别为2.41%和0,说明该实验重复性较好。     

俄罗斯混合原油电脱盐技术研究与应用

为解决俄罗斯混合原油脱盐问题,根据俄罗斯混合原油的特点,通过模拟试验对其电脱盐问题进行了研究.得出的最佳工艺条件为:生物复合破乳剂用量20 μg/g,电场强度800 V/cm,温度120℃,注水量6%.同时,设计了高效电脱盐装置,制备了生物复合破乳剂.应用表明:原油单级脱盐后盐质量浓度小于3 mg/L,电耗仅0.05kW·h/t,排水含油20 μg/g.     

劣质胜利原油破乳助剂的选择研究

对破乳剂助剂在原油电脱盐工艺技术中的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明:破乳剂助剂的使用可以在一定程度上影响到原油的脱盐脱水效果;助剂酸碱度的不同会对原油脱盐脱水带来不同的影响;对于助剂的使用要有一定的针对性,原油性质不同使用的助剂性质也会有差异,对于胶质含量较多的胜利原油宜选用酸性破乳助剂;胜利原油在温度为140℃,AC电场强度为1 500 V/cm,注水量为8%,破乳剂ST-14加入量为70μg/g,酸性助剂A加入量为30μg/g的动态优化条件下,其脱后原油盐的质量浓度可控制在3.0 mg/L以下,脱后水的质量分数小于0.3%,满足了后续生产要求。     

塔河重质原油电脱盐问题探讨

对塔河重质原油的性质及现役电脱盐装置的运行状况进行了分析,结果表明:塔河原油具有密度大、黏度高、沥青质较多、杂质较多及乳化程度复杂等特点,加上现役电脱盐装置的内部结构不合理,造成处理塔河原油的电脱盐装置脱盐效果差。针对以上问题,提出了简化电场、压缩极板间距、减小极板面积和提高极板安装高度等改进建议。     

电脱盐工艺条件的优化

针对延安混合原油含盐、含水量高且波动较大的特点,通过改用FC-9302型破乳剂,并经过对工艺参数进行优化,脱后盐含量可达到小于3mg/L的水平.     

Effects of Demulsifier Structure on Desalting Efficiency of Crude Oils

The desalting and dewatering of six crude oils with deferent properties have been studied. The contents of asphaltene and resin of #1, #2, and #4 crude oil are high; the demulsifiers with higher lipophilic values than others in the same series such as DA2, DB2, and DC2 can be easily absorbed on the interface of a water-oil emulsion and reveal better dewatering and desalting efficiency. The carbon atom number of alkyl on phenol core in nonyl-alkylphenol formaldehyde resin, which is the initiator of the DC series, is more than that of the DB series. DC was easier to diffuse into the interface of water in oil, and the dewatering efficiency increased. Because more multipoint adsorbed, their dewatering rate was slower, and the salts can dissolve in washing water and be removed with water. The density and viscosity of #3 crude oil are lower, and wax content is high. The hydrophilic group and lipophilic group in the molecular of DA4, DB4, and DC4 demulsifier can well be absorbed on the interface of water-oil emulsion of #3 crude oil, which have better efficiencies of desalting and dewatering than other demulsifiers of their same series. The density, viscosity, and wax content of #5 and #6 crude oils are lower; however, sulfur content is high. The self-made demulsifiers have excellent dewatering efficiency for #5 and #6 crude oil, but the desalting efficiency is unsatisfied, because the content of salts sulfate and sulfide in #5 and #6 crude oil is high as shown in the analysis of anion content before and after desalting. It can be improved by adding acid assistant TJ1, TJ2, and TJ3, thus indiffluent salts sulfate and sulfide transform into diffluent salts that can be removed, so the desalting efficiency obviously increases.     

加工高酸原油电脱盐优化

针对荣卡多和达混(2∶1)高酸混合原油开展了破乳剂评选实验以及静态电脱盐实验,根据实验结果提出了最优的破乳剂以及电脱盐工艺参数。破乳剂NS-2004在药剂注入量为30μg/g,注水量为7%,温度为130℃,电场强度为1.2 kV/cm,混合强度为手动振荡150次,停留时间为30 min的条件下,效果最好。同时企业采用了国外先进的原油预处理技术,于原油末站管线加注原油预处理剂,通过化学药剂泵连续原剂注入,并根据罐区原油含水及排水含油情况调整注入量,对改善高酸原油电脱盐效果起到了良好作用。     

重质原油电脱盐影响因素分析及操作条件优化研究

针对重质原油密度高、粘度大、胶质和沥青质含量高、盐含量大等特点,利用“瓶试法”评选出高效破乳剂,对原油电脱盐影响因素进行分析,运用正交试验法优化操作条件。实验结果表明,在破乳剂用量80μg／g、注水量12％（w）、混合时间5min、温度145℃、电场强度1000V／cm、停留时间90min、三级电脱盐的操作条件下,得到的原油含盐量≤3mg／L、含水量≤0．3％（w）符合目前行业标准的技术要求。     

重质原油电脱盐用破乳剂的合成及评价

重质原油具有胶质和沥青质含量高、氯盐含量高、黏度高和界面膜稳定性好等特点,利用传统的破乳剂破乳时,破乳效果较差。针对重质原油电脱盐破乳,合成了WS系列破乳剂,对其进行了红外光谱表征、羟值和实际相对分子质量的测定以及电脱盐实验评价。结果表明,合成的WS系列破乳剂产率在98%以上,其中WS-5破乳剂对塔河油田重质原油的破乳效果最好;在破乳剂加量60 mg/L、温度155℃、注清水质量8%、搅拌时间4 min、电场强度1100 V/cm、停留时间90 min、三级电脱盐的条件下,原油盐质量浓度由153.2 mg/L降至2.76 mg/L,脱后原油含水量为0.28%。WS-5破乳剂对塔河油田重质原油电脱盐效果比较理想,具有潜在的应用价值。     

Effects of Process Conditions on Desalting and Demetalization of Crude Oil

The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%.     

Effects of Process Conditions on Desalting and Demetalization of Crude Oil

Abstract

The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%.     

炼油厂电脱盐用破乳剂的研究进展

简要介绍了原油破乳方法及电脱盐技术.重点介绍了电脱盐用破乳剂的破乳机理、破乳剂品种、电脱盐装置对破乳剂的要求、破乳剂的复配,其中包括复配破乳剂优点、破乳剂复配体系协同增效作用、选择复配破乳剂原则及二元和三元破乳剂复配实例.对今后炼油厂电脱盐用破乳剂的研究发展方向提出建议.