新型高相对分子质量阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成

研究了采用复合引发体系,以丙烯酰胺为单体,丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为阳离子功能单体,共聚合制备高相对分子质量的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的方法。考察了单体含量、阳离子单体类型、聚合体系pH、助溶剂用量、复合引发体系中氧化剂、还原剂和偶氮化合物配比及用量、烘干温度对共聚物产品性能的影响。结果表明,在单体含量30％、DAC为阳离子单体、聚合体系pH 3．0、助溶剂用量占单体用量4％-5％、复合引发体系氧化剂、还原剂和偶氮化合物体积配比为1:1:1,烘干温度90℃以下条件下,可合成相对分子质量为(1000-1200)×104、阳离子度为 30％的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺产品。     

反相乳液聚合制备高相对分子质量和高阳离子度的聚丙烯酰胺

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为单体,采用反相乳液聚合制备了高相对分子质量和高阳离子度的聚丙烯酰胺(P(AM-DAC);考察了乳化剂和引发剂的种类,乳化剂、引发剂、AM和阳离子单体DAC用量,乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)对P(AM-DAC)的特性黏数的影响。实验结果表明,含脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(MOA)-3/MOA-9复合乳化剂的乳液体系稳定性最好,偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(V-50)的引发效果最好。采用正交实验确定了最佳合成条件:MOA-3/MOA-9复合乳化剂质量分数(基于反应体系的总质量)和HLB值分别为4.8%和8.6、AM和DAC的总质量分数为40%(基于反应体系的总质量)、V-50质量分数为0.09%(基于单体的总质量)、DAC摩尔分数55%(基于单体总的物质的量)。在最佳合成条件下合成的P(AM-DAC)的特性黏数最大(1378.7 mL/g),对含聚污水的絮凝效果好。     

新型抗温耐盐高分子絮凝材料的合成及性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为非离子单体、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为阳离子单体、10-十一烯酸钠(UANa)为阴离子单体,通过胶束聚合的方式合成新型抗温耐盐疏水缔合两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝材料(AM/DAC/UANa共聚物),考察了AM/DAC/UANa共聚物的溶液性质和絮凝性能。实验结果表明,制备的AM/DAC/UANa共聚物具有优异的耐盐和耐温特性,在80℃下,试样黏度保留率达56.8%,远优于常规絮凝材料;AM/DAC/UANa共聚物在处理高温和高离子强度条件下1.0%(w)的膨润土模拟废水时,处理液的上清液光学透光率大于97%,在处理新疆油田蒸汽驱油返排液时,在80.0℃、絮凝剂用量为75.0 mg/L条件下,絮凝物在6.0 s内完全沉降,处理液的上清液光学透光率为99.0%。     

高耐盐水膨体CH-6的合成及性能评价

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,采用溶液聚合法合成了高耐盐水膨体CH-6,并加入填充剂钠土以改善其性质。较佳合成条件为:总单体中AMPS的摩尔分数10%,总单体质量分数25%,交联剂用量(与总单体物质的量比)0．03%,引发剂质量分数0．1%,钠土质量分数1%。在120℃,矿化度为60 g/L的条件下,CH-6具有较高的吸水膨胀倍数和凝胶强度。     

驱油用超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺的合成

以丙烯酰胺丙烯酸钠为原料 ,利用一种新型氧化还原引发体系 ,采用水溶液共聚法合成了固含量4 5 .6%、水解度 2 5 .7%、过滤比 1 .32、分子量达 2 .2× 1 0 7的超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺。研究了甲酸钠用量、总单体浓度、p H值、单体配比对聚丙烯酰胺分子量的影响。确定了反应的最佳工艺条件 :单体总浓度 4 5 % ;p H值9.5 ;1 %氧化剂 0 .5 m L;1 %还原剂 1 .0 m L;起始温度 1 0℃ ;0 .1 %甲酸钠 80μL;丙烯酸钠∶丙烯酰胺为 1∶3(摩尔比 )     

CuSO_4-NaHSO_3引发的丙烯酰胺聚合

用过渡金属Cu的二价盐CuSO4 与NaHSO3组成二元引发体系在空气气氛中、常温、不搅拌的情况下成功地引发了丙烯酰胺聚合。考察了引发剂单体配比、单体浓度、引发剂中二组分的比例、温度及反应时间对聚丙烯酰胺收率及Mr 的影响。在w(单体 ) =12 %,引发剂 /单体 (摩尔比 ) =17× 10 -4 ,CuSO4 /NaHSO3=1∶5 ,反应温度为 30℃ ,反应时间为 2h的条件下 ,聚丙烯酰胺的Mr(粘度法 )为 ( 15 0～ 5 0 0 )× 10 4 ,收率达 80 %。     

溶液聚合法制备花土用吸水树脂

确定了采用水溶液聚合法合成丙烯酸系吸水树脂的工艺条件 :单体 :丙烯酸 ( AA) /丙烯酰胺 ( AAM) (质量比 ) =( 1 .4～ 1 )∶ 1 ;交联剂 ( w ) :0 .1 5 %～ 0 .2 % [以 1 0 0质量份 ( AA+ AAM)为基准 ,下同 ];引发剂 ( w ) :过硫酸钾 0 .0 3%～ 0 .1 %、亚硫酸钠 0 .0 5 %～ 0 .1 % ;营养液 ( w ) :0 .5 %～ 0 .7% ;反应温度 :5 0～ 6 0℃ ;反应时间 4～ 6 h。对产物进行了应用试验 ,结果表明 :它具有蓄水、供水、蓄肥、供肥的功能 ,可使用 1 a以上     

可逆酸液转向剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,在交联剂和引发剂的作用下合成用于酸化的可逆转向剂。研究了单体物质的量比、单体用量、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、温度等因素对产物性能的影响,得出可逆转向剂的最佳合成工艺条件为:单体AM与AMPS的物质的量比为1∶1,单体用量为25%,引发剂用量为0.1%,交联剂用量为0.1%。此条件下合成的可逆转向剂性能优异。     

分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水分散体

以丙烯酰胺为单体,采用分散聚合法制备了聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)水分散体。以PAM的相对分子质量和水分散体稳定性为指标,考察了分散介质类型、分散剂种类、引发剂种类及用量、单体含量、聚合温度、聚合时间和搅拌转速等因素对聚合反应的影响。实验结果表明,分散介质类型和分散剂种类是影响PAM水分散体稳定性的主要因素,选择乙醇-水为分散介质、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散剂。采用正交实验确定了最佳合成条件:乙醇-水为分散介质(乙醇的体积分数为70%)、丙烯酰胺的质量分数为30%、引发剂偶氮二异丁腈用量为单体质量的0.3%、分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮用量为单体质量的6%、搅拌转速200r/min、聚合温度80℃、聚合时间8h。在此条件下,可制得相对分子质量较高且稳定性较好的PAM水分散体。     

表面活性阳离子聚合物浮选剂的制备与性能评价

以嵌段聚醚大单体(PEP-90)、N,N-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DM)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为原料,合成了三元共聚物浮选剂PDMDACP,利用FTIR,~1H NMR等方法表征了结构,并研究了合成条件及气浮条件对气浮选性能的影响。实验结果表明,适宜的合成条件为:溶剂为质量比4∶1的水与丙二醇甲醚的混合溶液,m(DM)∶m(DAC)=4∶1,m(DM+DAC)∶m(PEP-90)=19∶6,单体用量35%(w),甲酸钠用量0.3%(w),引发剂用量0.4%(w),聚合温度50℃,聚合时间8 h。PDMDACP的最佳气浮选条件为:气浮时间15 min,气流量1 L/min,浮选剂用量25 mg/L,在该条件下针对渤海某油田含油污水浊度降低率为98.83%,浮选性能良好。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.