Numerical simulation of low-Reynolds number flows past two tandem cylinders of different diameters

The flow past two tandem circular cylinders of different diameters was simulated using the finite volume method. The diameter of the downstream main cylinder （D） was kept constant, and the diameter of the upstream control cylinder （d） varied from 0.1D to D. The studied Reynolds numbers based on the diameter of the downstream main cylinder were 100 and 150. The gap between the control cylinder and the main cylinder （G） ranged from 0.1D to 4D. It is concluded that the gap-to-diameter ratio （G/D） and the diameter ratio between the two cylinders （d/D） have important effects on the drag and lift coefficients, pressure distributions around the cylinders, vortex shedding frequencies from the two cylinders, and flow characteristics.     

Flow characteristics of the two tandem wavy cylinders and drag reduction phenomenon

This paper presents an extensive numerical study of 3-D laminar flow around two wavy cylinders in the tandem arrangement for spacing ratios (L/Dm ) ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 at a low Reynolds number of 1...     

Vortex shedding in the flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters

In this paper,the 3-D turbulent flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters,at sub-critical Reynolds number(Re=3 900),is numerically simulated by the large eddy simulation(LES).The spacing ratios(T/D)between the two cylinders are considered in four cases(T/D=1.2,1.5,1.8 and 2.7)to study the vortex shedding and turbulent properties in the flow field.The main results are focused on the drag and lift coefficients,the vortex shedding frequency,the coherent structure,and the scale properties.It is shown that when T/D is equal to 1.2,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder is strongly suppressed by the small cylinder,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are smaller than those in other three cases.While T/D is equal to 1.5,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder can be improved,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are larger than those in other three cases.The empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method is applied to decompose the velocity signals traced by the LES.It is shown that there is a linear relationship between the mean period and the mode in the semi-log coordinates.The vortex shedding period of the main cylinder is consistent with the period of the restructured coherent structures quantitatively.     

不等直径串列圆柱绕流大涡模拟

为研究背负式海底管线中增设的小直径附属管线对主管线的水动力影响,将大涡模拟中经典Smagorinsky亚格子模型与特征线算子分裂有限元法结合,并引入出口对流边界条件,完善了基于特征线算子分裂有限元的大涡模拟方法。通过自编程序数值模拟Re=1 000的单圆柱绕流,计算结果与相关文献吻合较好,验证了该算法计算圆柱绕流的有效性,并分析了Re=1 000时不同直径比、间距比情况下的串列双圆柱绕流,根据流场的不同涡脱落形态及两圆柱平均阻力系数、升力系数随直径比、间距比变化的规律得到了不同直径比条件下的临界间距范围。达到临界间距后,流场由单一涡脱落状态转变为双涡旋脱落状态。最后分析了两圆柱平均阻力系数及升力系数在临界间距后急剧增加的原因,为背负式海底管线的布局优化提供了理论依据。     

并列旋转双圆柱流动特性的数值模拟

该文基于k - ε湍流模型,采用Galerkin有限元法对并列旋转双圆柱的绕流特性进行了数值模拟,计算的雷诺数为 1550.为了考查两圆柱旋转和间距的相互作用,文中采用三种间距比分别是T/D = 1.2,1.6和3.0 (T 为两圆柱中心之间的距离,D为圆柱直径) 和一系列不同的旋转速度比 (|α| ≤ 2).计算显示,当 |α| = 0,即圆柱不转动时,对应三种间距有三种典型的流型,单钝体流型对应小间距、偏流对应中等间距和对称流对应大间距;当 |α| 达到临界值时,涡脱落得到了有效的抑制,流动趋于稳定,升力系数和阻力系数的脉动值趋于零;平均升力系数和阻力系数随着 |α| 的增大分别增大和减小.     

亚临界雷诺数下波浪型圆柱绕流的数值模拟及减阻研究

采用大涡模拟数值方法对亚临界雷诺数Re=3000下波浪型圆柱的绕流现象进行研究分析。研究结果表明,波浪型圆柱的三维尾迹涡结构能得到很好的控制,它在轴向方向呈现周期性正负涡的交替分布特性。随着幅值的增大,波浪型圆柱表面的自由剪切层得以延展,使得旋涡的脱落发生在波浪型圆柱下游较远处,从而达到减阻的目的。波浪型圆柱与普通直圆柱相比,其幅值对平均阻力系数及脉动升力系数的减少及尾迹控制有着更重要的影响,最大减阻可达16%。     

STUDY OF VORTEX CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLOW AROUND A HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR CYLINDER AT VARIOUS GAP-RATIOS IN THE CROSS-FLOW

1. INTRODUCTION The flow around a horizontal circular cylinder near a plane boundary (fixed wall) is of great significance in Hydrodynamics. For instance, sewagepipelines in water body of rivers in environmental engineering, conveying pipelines and optica…     

闸墩绕流影响因素及其作用规律分析

为探究某水利工程渡槽附近不平稳水面的形成原因并为制定消除措施提供参考,使用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对高雷诺数( Re =5×106)条件下,不同宽度的顺直流道、收缩渐变段和弯曲流道下游的圆柱绕流和不同形态的闸墩绕流进行了数值模拟研究,分析了流道布局和闸墩形状尺寸等因素对绕流流场和结构受力特性的影响。圆柱绕流分析结果表明:在计算参数范围内,随着顺直流道宽度的减小,圆柱的升阻力系数均逐渐增大;流道渐变段的截面收缩对圆柱绕流产生的影响不大;流道弯曲导致的来流偏流系数越大,圆柱受力的非对称性越明显,升阻力系数均值越大。闸墩绕流计算结果表明:无墩尾闸墩的绕流流场和受力特性与圆柱绕流类似,随着墩身长度增加,闸墩的平均阻力系数减小;带墩尾的闸墩呈流线型,其升阻力系数与尺寸相当的圆柱和无墩尾闸墩相比均显著减小;给闸墩设置合适的墩尾是解决闸墩绕流脱涡的有效措施。     

螺旋侧板截面形状对Spar平台涡激运动的影响研究

处于深水中的Spar平台两侧不断产生周期性漩涡脱落,极易诱发涡激运动,缩短平台疲劳寿命。为探究不同截面形状螺旋侧板对漂浮式风力机Spar平台涡激运动的影响,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法,对亚临界雷诺数流动状态下附加不同截面形状螺旋侧板的平台进行研究,并与光滑平台进行对比,分析其水动力系数及尾涡发放特点。研究表明:螺旋侧板在有效抑制平台升力系数的同时,还会增加阻力系数,圆形截面侧板对平台升力系数的降幅最大,阻力系数增幅最小;螺旋侧板的存在使漩涡脱落频率整体减小,从单一主频发放变为主频和次频发放;圆形截面侧板的漩涡脱落点距离平台最远,发放最为迟缓;在研究范围内,发现圆形截面侧板抑涡效果最佳。     

双圆柱在不同排列方式下绕流流态模拟

双圆柱绕流伴随着流动分离、旋涡生成与脱落、旋涡间相互干扰等复杂问题,其流动形态和流动特征受圆柱相对位置影响。使用FLUENT流体软件,选取间距比1.75,2.5和4,在二维层流模型下,模拟了双圆柱串列、30°夹角错置、60°夹角错置和双圆柱并列绕流,分析了双柱绕流流态、旋涡脱落形态、升力、阻力系数随圆柱相对位置改变而变化的规律,并对比已有的试验成果和模拟成果,为桥梁建设和圆柱绕流理论研究提供了基础数据。     

高雷诺数下串列双圆柱绕流的影响因素研究

针对串列双圆柱绕流问题进行了数值研究,利用Fluent软件建立二维数值模型,探究了不同柱体间距、不同柱体表面粗糙度对串列双圆柱阻力系数、升力系数、St数的影响。采用SST k-ω湍流模型,对雷诺数为1×10~6,柱体间距L/D分别为1.75、1.90、2.20、2.50,表面粗糙度Rh在0~0.5%D范围内的串列双圆柱进行数值模拟。结果表明:柱体间距L/D在1.75~2.50范围内,光滑柱体表面下,St数、后柱平均阻力系数会随着柱体间距的增加而增大;同时,柱体间距对升力系数振幅也存在极大影响。改变柱体表面粗糙度,会使柱体间距为1.75的串列双圆柱前柱平均阻力系数在Rh=0.2%D时降低7%,而各柱间距下的后柱平均阻力系数会随粗糙度的增加而减小。研究成果能够为河道桥梁建设和圆柱绕流理论研究提供基础数据。     

Numerical simulation of viscous flow past an oscillating square cylinder using a CIP-based model

The flow past an in-line forced oscillating square cylinder at Reynolds number of 200 is studied using an in-house code, named constrained interpolation profile method developed in Zhejiang University(CIP-ZJU). The model is established in the Cartesian coordinate system using the CIP method to discretise the Navier-Stokes equations. The fluid-structure interaction is treated as a multiphase flow of the liquid and solid phases to be solved simultaneously. An immersed boundary method is used to deal with the boundary of the solid body. The CFD model is first applied to the computation of the flow past a fixed square cylinder for its validation. Computations are then performed for the flow past a square cylinder oscillating in the streamwise direction. Considerable attention is paid to the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes of the vortex shedding in the oscillating square cylinder wake. Various oscillation amplitudes and frequencies are simulated and their effects on the vortex shedding modes are analyzed via Lissajous patterns of the unsteady lift coefficient. The relationship among the lift coefficient, the drag coefficient and the lock-on range is also investigated quantitatively.     

2-D eddy resolving simulations of flow past a circular array of cylindrical plant stems

In the present study, 2-D large eddy simulations(LES) are conducted for flow past a porous circular array with a solid volume fraction(SVF) of 8.8%, 15.4% and 21.5%. Such simulations are relevant to understanding flow in natural streams and channels containing patches of emerged vegetation. In the simulations discussed in the paper, the porous cylinder of diameter D contains a variable number of identical solid circular cylinders(rigid plant stems) of diameter d= 0.048 D. Most of the simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number of 2 100 based on the diameter D and the velocity of the steady uniform incoming flow. Though in all cases wake billows are shed in the regions where the separated shear layers(SSLs) forming on the sides of the porous cylinder interact, the effect of these wake billows on the mean drag is different. While in the high SVF case(21.5%), the total drag force oscillates quasi-regularly in time, similar to the canonical case of a large solid cylinder, in the cases with a lower SVF the shedding of the wake billows takes place sufficiently far from the cylinder such that the unsteady component of the total drag force is negligible. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest in a streamwise band centered around the center of the porous cylinder, where the wake to wake interactions are the strongest. In all cases the maximum drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest for the cylinders directly exposed to the flow, but this force is always smaller than the one induced on a small isolated cylinder and the average magnitude of the force on the cylinders directly exposed to the flow decreases monotonically with the increase in the SVF. Predictions of the global drag coefficients, Strouhal numbers associated with the wake vortex shedding and individual forces on the cylinders in the array from the present LES are in very good agreement with those of 2-D direct numerical simulations conducted on finer meshes, which suggests LES is a better option to numerically investigate flow in channels containing canopy patches, given that LES is computationally much less expensive than DNS at high Reynolds number. To prove this point, the paper also discusses results of 2-D LES conducted at a much higher Reynolds number, where the near-wake flow is strongly turbulent. For the higher Reynolds number cases, where the influence of the turbulence model is important, the effect of the sub-grid scale model and the predictive capabilities of the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) approach to predict flow past porous cylinders are discussed.     

隔水管附属管控制流动的风洞和水洞实验研究

通过对附属轴向管的隔水管表面压力分布和流体动力特性进行的风洞和水洞实验测试结果的对比,验证了利用低成本风洞实验代替高成本水洞实验来考察隔水管流体动力特性及漩涡特征的可行性。与经典圆柱实验的对比验证了本实验两套测试系统的可靠性。对附加管数N 4和10两种布局的附属管进行流动控制实验的结果表明,4根和10根附属管分别作为少管数和多管数情况的代表,对于流体力的影响差异较大,但均能取得一定程度的降低升阻力和抑制漩涡脱落的效果。多管数对于来流方向的敏感性要低很多。10根管能使Cd和Cl分别获得相对于单隔水管约36%和80%的降低。附属管作为一种消除流向影响以降低流体力和控制漩涡脱落的手段,为抑制隔水管涡激振动提供了参考价值。     

透水框架的三方柱绕流数值分析

针对四面六边透水框架按高度分层后形成等边三角形布置的三方柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟,分析不同间距比l/d=1.5,2,3,4,5,7下流场分布和各方柱的升、阻力系数以及斯特劳哈尔数的特性。研究结果表明:当l/d=1.5~7时,B,C柱尾流场经历了近处漩涡掺混到近处漩涡分离,远处漩涡掺混到远处漩涡分离,最后形成各自独立的方柱绕流;在l/d=2时,各方柱的平均阻力系数明显减小,并且通过对流场分析发现此间距比下对水流的减速效果最明显;由于B,C柱的存在与单方柱绕流有很大区别:在流场方面,l/d=1.5时,B,C柱限制A柱边界层剪切带的卷起,随间距比的增加这种现象逐渐消失;在动力特性上,A柱的阻力系数明显小于单方柱绕流情况。斯特劳哈尔数Sr随间距比的增大而逐渐增大并趋近于单方柱绕流的值。     

特征线算子分裂有限元的圆柱绕流大涡模拟

为研究圆柱绕流流场特性,将大涡模拟与特征线算子分裂有限元相结合,建立了大涡模拟特征线算子分裂有限元模型,对单圆柱和串列双圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟,所得结果与现有研究结果吻合较好。模拟结果表明:对单圆柱绕流,随着雷诺数的增大,圆柱近尾流区上下交替的涡旋逐渐靠近通过圆柱几何中心的水平线,且涡脱落位置逐渐靠近圆柱。对Re=1 000的串列双圆柱绕流,临界间距在圆柱直径的2.25~2.5倍之间;当两圆柱间距小于临界间距时,上游圆柱后方无明显涡旋脱落,间隙处压力较稳定;大于临界间距时,有涡旋脱落,上游圆柱尾流区上下表面交替出现强负压区。     

3-D numerical investigation of the wall-bounded concentric annulus flow around a cylindrical body with a special array of cylinders

Concentric annulus flow around a combinational cylindrical body with a special array of cylinders at five high Reynolds numbers is investigated numerically using Fluent 6.3.26 in this paper. The numerical results show a good agreement with the experimental data in regard to the axial velocity of the flow. This study focuses on the flow structure and the hydrodynamic characteristics based on the velocity distribution, the pressure distribution, streamlines and vectors under 1-D, 2-D and 3-D conditions. Meanwhile, some global parameters including the pressure coefficient, the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient are analyzed. Numerical results show that the high velocity region and the reverse wake zone with low velocity exist in some spaces due to the disturbance of the cylindrical body. Negative pressures appear in some regions. Neither a wide area vortex nor the vortex shedding appears in the wall-bounded domain. The drag along the axial direction is the main force acting on the cylindrical body in the pipe domain. The annulus flow around the cylindrical body is analyzed to reveal the hydrodynamic characteristics of the complex turbulent concentric annulus flow field due to the multi-effects in the pipeline.     

高雷诺数下双圆柱绕流的数值模拟

本文使用表面涡法研究高雷诺数下不同排列方式双圆柱绕流的流动状态，计算了双圆柱在并列、串列及级列的情况下的各种流动结构，涡街的变化及作用在圆柱上的受力情况。本文结果清楚地描述了双圆柱绕流复杂的流动状况，计算结果与实验显示的流动状况十分相似，斯特罗哈数和阻力系数与实验结果符合得很好。     

三方柱绕流的大涡模拟及频谱分析

高雷诺数条件下,无论来流是均匀还是非均匀,多方柱绕流情况下方柱受力及尾流的相互干扰都是相当复杂的。为了研究方柱受力及下游尾流的相互干扰,基于大涡模拟紊流模型对后品字等边布置的三方柱绕流进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果表明,上游两个方柱的阻力系数要明显小于下游方柱,而上游两方柱升力系数远大于下游方柱,且下游方柱的升力系数基本上在零左右振荡,通过频谱分析发现了它们之间的区别。方柱的尾流存在着强烈的非对称相互干扰,且涡有明显的三维性。     

低雷诺数下的钉螺绕流特征数值模拟

研究钉螺在水流中的运动规律对于控制钉螺扩散具有十分重要的意义。通过开源流体力学计算软件OpenFOAM,使用非结构化的三角形网格拟合钉螺边界,采用有限体积法和PISO算法计算平面无限区域中黏性不可压缩流体下的钉螺绕流运动,模拟了低雷诺数下横向和纵向2种水流条件螺体后方尾流形态变化,详细描述了漩涡脱落过程等现象;对比分析不同条件下钉螺的阻力系数C_D、回流区长度L_w/D、斯特罗哈数St等的区别。研究结果表明:随着雷诺数的增加,钉螺的阻力系数逐渐减小,尾流形态呈现3种不同的形态,初步确定各流态转变的临界雷诺数的范围。该研究可为进一步掌握钉螺扩散规律、改进水利阻螺措施提供理论依据。