五腔串联压电泵的设计制作与试验

为提高压电泵的输出能力,提出一种多腔串联压电泵,并从理论和试验两方面进行了研究.理论分析表明,在其他条件确定时,多腔串联压电泵的输出压力与泵腔数量n成正比,输出流量与姨%n成正比.设计制作了金属阀五腔串联压电泵,并以水为工作介质测试了工作腔数量不同时的输出特性.结果表明,压电泵工作腔数量不同时,存在不同的最佳工作频率使其输出压力或流量最大,且压力最佳频率及流量最佳频率均随工作泵腔数量的增加而增加,但增加幅度不同;在最佳频率时,五腔串联泵输出压力及流量均与工作腔数量成正比.在电压为150 V、工作频率为最佳频率时,5腔工作时的最大压力和流量分别为100 kPa和246.54 mL/min,分别为单腔工作时的6.7倍和4.2倍.     

面向微量试剂分配的压电叠堆泵

微量、快速、精确的试剂分配是生物、制药等领域不可或缺的技术手段.研制了以压电叠堆为驱动器实现高精度、微量化和自动化试剂分配的压电叠堆泵样机.研究了压电叠堆泵的结构、工作原理及加工装配过程.实验研究了不同的输入信号对压电叠堆泵性能的影响和压电叠堆泵的输出流量及压力与输入电压、频率的关系,并将该样机与喷嘴装配在一起组装成试剂泵进行试剂分配实验,研究了试剂泵输出流量及微滴体积与输入电压、频率的关系.测得该压电叠堆泵输出流量的重复精度可达到77.42 μL,喷嘴直径为0.5 mm时试剂泵进行试剂分配的液滴体积为16.09 μL,重复精度为0.29 μL,实现了微量、快速、精确的试剂分配.     

摩擦系数变化式压电叠堆惯性直线驱动器

以压电叠堆和质量块组成的压电叠堆振子为动力元件,通过利用驱动器向左运动和向右运动时接触足与接触面摩擦系数的不同,设计并制作完成了一套摩擦系数变化式压电叠堆惯性直线驱动器．分析了该驱动器的工作原理并对驱动器的运动情况作了详细分析．搭建了专用测试系统,并采用该系统对摩擦系数变化式压电叠堆惯性直线驱动器进行了性能测试．试验结果表明：当频率为10Hz时,该试验装置最小稳定步长为0．19μm,最大移动速度为11．82μm／s,最大承载能力不低于900g．     

新型压电陶瓷驱动器的特性分析

讨论了一种基于压电陶瓷的新型叠堆驱动器,并阐述了其工作原理,推导出该驱动器的力学性能公式。基于压电陶瓷材料的机电耦合特性,运用ANSYS有限元软件对此驱动器进行了数值分析,研究了其驱动性能,分析结果表明,其输出位移和输出力均与输入电压呈线性关系,在较低电压下可获得较大变形量,且具有良好的动态响应特性。该叠堆压电驱动器结构简单、尺寸小、成本低,通过输入电压即可实现位移控制,可作为较好的自适应控制驱动器应用于智能摩擦阻尼器的驱动装置。     

压电液压隔振器的能量回收特性分析与测试

为实现高性能的振动主动控制、振动能量回收以及基于能量回收的自供电半主动振动控制,提出一种压电液压隔振器．基于实际流体的可压缩性,建立了压电液压隔振器的能量回收系统模型并进行了模拟仿真分析,获得了相关要素对发电量的影响规律．结果表明,压电液压隔振器的发电能力随系统背压及液压缸振幅的增加而增加,且存在最佳压电振子直径、厚度以及直径一厚度比使发电量最大．采用嘶0×1．6mm。单晶压电振子及@16×100mm3液压缸制作了试验样机,并以水为工作介质进行了不同频率、背压、激振器振幅条件下的试验测试．试验所获得的压电液压隔振器的最佳工作频率仅为6Hz,可用于低频振动能量回收．在频率为6Hz、激振器输入电压为9V、背压为0．4MPa时,发电量为2．42mJ;当其他条件相同,背压为0．4MPa时的发电量约为无背压时的20倍．     

新颖微型压电旋转关节的建模与仿真

提出一种基于惯性冲击驱动原理的新颖微型压电旋转关节,用于关节臂式多自由度定位操作系统的旋转关节驱动.该旋转关节采用对称的整体结构设计,利用压电堆产生驱动力矩,通过碟形弹簧调整预紧力,具有运行稳定、驱动力矩大、易于微型化等优点.建立了该机构驱动模块的结构模型,运用ANSYS软件分析了定子结构的静态变形和固有振动特性;建立了该机构的动力学模型,应用MATLAB/Simulink软件获得了旋转轴的粘滑运动和步进位移特性.仿真结果表明,该压电旋转关节具有较好的步进位移输出能力和较宽工作频率范围,在1 000 V/mm激励电场下,步进位移达到0.07°,稳定的粘滑工作频率达到1 000 Hz以上.     

基于系统相似方法的叠堆型压电驱动器非线性动力学建模及实验研究

根据机械系统与电气系统的相似方法,将叠堆型压电驱动器的非线性电-机械耦合模型完全转换到电气域内,建立了其非线性相似电路模型;给出了非线性相似电路模型中迟滞因子的辨识方法,并对某款商用叠堆型压电驱动器进行了迟滞因子的辨识试验;基于非线性相似电路模型和迟滞因子的辨识结果,对该款叠堆型压电驱动器的非线性特性进行了仿真分析,得到了其非线性位移迟滞回线;仿真结果与试验结果吻合,证明了该建模过程与辨识方法的正确性。该建模方法在电气域内对叠堆型压电驱动器电-机械耦合特性及非线性迟滞特性进行描述,建模过程物理意义清晰且简单实用,对于研究压电驱动器的动态特性及控制算法具有实际意义。     

一种高分辨力、大行程微驱动压电马达

样机采用叠片式压电驱动器作为驱动源,利用一对夹爪与丝杠之间的惯性滑移效应实现纳米级微位移驱动,而用丝杠副实现自锁。微位移测量采用高精度电感式测微仪与光学干涉仪。样机平均位移分辨力为5～15nm,驱动力60N,行程15mm。分析表明,对性能的主要影响因素是驱动脉冲参数及丝杠的爬行现象,这为LSPM的进一步优化提供了依据。     

谐振锯齿波驱动型冲击直线压电马达

传统的冲击压电马达大都工作在准静态下,振幅和工作频率相对较低,速度和输出力均不是很高。基于机械波合成理论,设计了一种新型共振型冲击直线压电马达。分析了压电马达的驱动机理,采用有限元仿真法优化了压电振子的结构尺寸。通过合成频率比为1:2的两个谐振正弦波得到近似谐振锯齿波,设计加工了压电振子、研制了马达样机、进行了性能测试与分析。当预紧力是0.02 N、基频驱动电压是300 Vp-p（592.5 Hz）时,马达无负载最大速度为32.4 mm/s;当预紧力是10 N、基频驱动电压是400 Vp-p（592.5 Hz）时,马达最大负载力可达1 N。实验验证了设计的有效性,表明该种压电马达具有良好的性能。     

一种新型正弦压力发生器

介绍了一种利用压电叠堆激励管道内液体介质发生谐振产生正弦压力的发生装置.与其它正弦压力发生器相比,本装置压力源的激励方式新颖,工作频率较高,所产生的正弦压力波的幅值较大,失真度较小.     

Performance improvement of a piezoelectric bimorph actuator by tailoring geometry

This article illustrates performance improvement of a piezo-bimorph actuator by tailoring its geometry. We have analytically presented that a piezo-bimorph actuator with a tapered surface provides superior performance for out-of-plane bending compared to a rectangular surface while having equal mass and equal primary capacitance. Equal capacitance ensures equal input electrical energy and bandwidth for both the cases below its first resonant frequency. We have analytically derived performance measuring attributes of such an actuator considering high electric field, and shown the performance improvement quantitatively. We have also presented finite element solutions to compare with the analytical solutions. Some results are validated with the earlier published experimental results.     

Development of a Spherical Induction Motor With Two Degrees of Freedom

This paper reports on the development of a spherical actuator with two actuated degrees of freedom (DOFs). The electromechanical conversion principle is that of an induction motor. The paper first discusses possibilities of adapting the actuator to a spherical rotor actuated with an unlimited angular range along two DOFs. These concepts are then characterized and compared by analytical and numerical modeling, and the final shape of the actuator, composed of a two-layer rotor with teeth surrounded by five inductors, is described. A prototype has been built, and its performance, in terms of characteristic torque-speed and efficiency, has been measured.     

Analytic model for a nonlaminated cylindrical magnetic actuator including eddy currents

The eddy currents induced within a nonlaminated cylindrical magnetic actuator by a changing field have a fundamental influence on the actuator's performance. Understanding of these dynamics is essential in designing high-performance actuators and developing control algorithms for them. This paper presents an analytical approach to modeling the relationship between applied magnetomotive force and mechanical force. The approach is based on dividing the actuator into elements according to the flux distribution inside the actuator and finding the frequency-dependent reluctance of the flux paths of each element. An analytic model and its half-order simplification are derived, both of which are explicitly dependent on actuator material and geometric properties. Performance predictions from both analytic models are compared with finite-element analysis, demonstrating the accuracy of the models.     

超精密大行程麦克斯韦磁阻驱动器磁场建模与推力分析

为了克服大行程麦克斯韦磁阻驱动器在大气隙下漏磁大幅增加、气隙区磁场分布不均匀且非线性强烈等现象导致的磁场和推力解析模型精度较低等问题,利用考虑综合高斯函数的加权漏磁系数的磁路建模方法,改进了磁阻驱动器的三维漏磁分布计算方式,并得到了可准确描述其推力与输入电流函数关系的解析模型,从而为该类驱动器的设计及控制提供重要依据。首先,建立了大行程麦克斯韦磁阻驱动器考虑漏磁前后的工作磁路,分析了永磁偏置磁路的作用及使用永磁偏置结构后仍具有非线性的原因,并利用安培环路定律和磁路的欧姆定律以及磁场的可叠加性,建立了该磁阻驱动器的推力解析模型。然后,为了优化解析模型,提出了基于高斯曲线的加权漏磁系数计算方法,同时利用有限元仿真软件对大行程麦克斯韦磁阻驱动器的三维磁场分布及漏磁系数进行了分析计算,得到了考虑加权漏磁系数的推力解析模型。最后,搭建了大行程麦克斯韦磁阻驱动器推力测试系统,并通过对比优化前后解析模型计算推力与仿真推力和实测推力,验证了解析模型的准确性。结果表明,优化后解析模型的均方根误差仅为优化前的11.1%,其精度得到有效提升;同时,优化后解析模型计算推力与实测推力之间的均方根误差小于0.6 N,精度较高。研究结果对高端微纳制造装备与测量仪器中新型超精密驱动部件的设计有一定意义和参考价值。     

Analysis of solenoid based linear compressor for household refrigerator

This article presents the analytical modeling of an oil-free solenoid actuator based linear compressor used in household refrigerators. The stator coil was excited with the pulse width modulated signal which caused linear oscillations in the armature using helical spring. Dynamic characteristics of the linear compressor were studied analytically considering the nonlinearity of the gas and electromagnetic force. The system dynamic models were validated with the finite element simulation as well as a specially designed experimental setup. Frequency response functions of stroke to current as well as pressure to current ratios were generated to evaluate the effect of excitation frequency on the compressor performance. The higher efficiency of the solenoid actuator was achieved when excited at the natural frequency. The results show that the natural frequency of the designed system is around 19 Hz and the work done in a cycle is approximately 1.3 J. Additionally, 47% isentropic and 87% electrical efficiency were achieved.     

三关节式软体驱动器的设计及其弯曲性能分析

针对传统的刚性机器人在辅助人体康复训练时存在康复效率低、易造成人体二次损伤等问题,依据人体手指结构及其关节的运动范围,提出了一种由硅胶材料制成的三关节式软体驱动器。首先,根据 Yeoh 超弹性材料本构模型和虚功原理,在理想条件下建立了软体驱动器气囊的弯曲角度与输入气压之间的非线性数学关系,进而研究在一定气压下驱动器不同结构参数对其弯曲性能的影响;接着,通过有限元模型仿真得出了驱动器壁厚、底层厚度和腔室外直径对驱动器弯曲性能影响的显著性排序;最后,通过 3D 打印及模塑成型工艺,制作了三关节式软体驱动器,搭建了软体驱动器弯曲性能测试平台以测试其弯曲性能。结果表明：随着输入气压的增大,软体驱动器弯曲角度的理论计算结果与实验结果的相对误差逐渐减小,当气压高于20 kPa时,其最小相对误差为1.48%;当腔室内部气压为50 kPa时,软体驱动器输出力为0.45 N。可将软体驱动器应用于人机交互的辅助康复领域,后期有望应用于农业和生物医学领域。     

馈能式电磁作动器的设计与性能试验

针对车辆主动悬挂系统能耗大的问题,设计一种可以回收振动能量的馈能式电磁悬挂系统,以降低能耗,提高能源利用率。充分考虑馈能式电磁悬挂系统的结构和功能特点,给出一种馈能式电磁作动器的设计方法,将作动器的设计要求分为3类——基本要求、功能实现要求和优化设计要求。据此,设计、试制馈能式电磁作动器原理样机,并对其性能进行了试验分析,随动特性试验以检验作动器的摩擦阻力,静态力学特性试验以验证作动器主动出力大小,空载电压特性试验以验证作动器能量回收效果。结果表明,所设计的馈能式作动器能够满足性能要求,可以此构建馈能式电磁悬挂系统。     

Modeling and Analytical Solution of Hybrid Thermopiezoelectric Micro Actuator and Performance Study Under Changing of Different Parameters

Micro actuators are an irreplaceable part of motion control in miniaturized systems and are intended to have a high range of deformation, high accuracy, large force, and quick response. In this article, an analytical model for a hybrid thermopiezoelectric micro actuator is developed in which a double lead-zirconnate-titanate piezoceramic (PZT) beam structure consisting of two arms with different lengths are used. Governing differential equation of motion and electrical field are derived and solved. Out of parametric studies it was observed that, under application of temperature and voltage gradients, the deflection of the actuator shows different trends depending on the geometry of the micro actuator and also type of PZT material.     

Identification of delamination in a composite beam using integrated piezoelectric sensor/actuator layer

This paper describes the use of an integrated piezoelectric sensor/actuator (IPSA) layer to detect a delamination in a laminated composite beam by monitoring the sensor charge output (SCO) distributions along the beam of the first three order frequencies. For the sake of predicting the first three order frequencies and SCO distributions using the IPSA layer, a model-based delamination detection approach is presented. The corresponding dynamic analytical model that includes parameters characterizing delamination is developed using the classical beam theory and the assumption of constant peel and shear strains through the bond line thickness in bonded joint. Using the present analytical model, the effects of delamination length l_d, delamination gap t_g, actuator segment length l_a, actuator segment location X_a and electric field E on the SCO values are discussed. Finally, a comparison of the first three order frequencies between the present analytical and finite element analysis (FEA) models reveals that there is good agreement between these two models.     

Design and performance testing of an ultrasonic linear motor with dual piezoelectric actuators

In this work, design and performance testing of an ultrasonic linear motor with dual piezoelectric actuator patches are studied. The motor system consists of a linear stator, a pre-load weight, and two piezoelectric actuator patches. The piezoelectric actuators are bonded with the linear elastic stator at specific locations. The stator generates propagating waves when the piezoelectric actuators are subjected to harmonic excitations. Vibration characteristics of the linear stator are analyzed and compared with finite element and experimental results. The analytical, finite element, and experimental results show agreement. In the experiments, performance of the ultrasonic linear motor is tested. Relationships between velocity and pre-load weight, velocity and applied voltage, driving force and applied voltage, and velocity and driving force are reported. The design of the dual piezoelectric actuators yields a simpler structure with a smaller number of actuators and lower stator stiffness compared with a conventional design of an ultrasonic linear motor with fully laminated piezoelectric actuators.