基于混沌序列的最大和分散式协调算法

大规模信息系统的协调问题正成为新兴的研究热点,最大和协调算法显示了在该领域的应用前景,然而其收敛速度和鲁棒性有待进一步提高。针对以上问题,提出一种可用于合作系统中的基于混沌的分散式信息传递算法,并通过图形着色问题验证了该算法的有效性。在该算法中,利用混沌序列丰富的时空动态性,产生最大和协调算法的结点信息。然后依据更新规则对结点信息进行交互,完成算法的迭代。通过与传统最大和协调算法和遗传算法的对比实验结果分析,该算法在收敛速度及鲁棒性方面有着更好的表现。     

Agent-based decentralised coordination for sensor networks using the max-sum algorithm

In this paper, we consider the generic problem of how a network of physically distributed, computationally constrained devices can make coordinated decisions to maximise the effectiveness of the whole sensor network. In particular, we propose a new agent-based representation of the problem, based on the factor graph, and use state-of-the-art DCOP heuristics (i.e., DSA and the max-sum algorithm) to generate sub-optimal solutions. In more detail, we formally model a specific real-world problem where energy-harvesting sensors are deployed within an urban environment to detect vehicle movements. The sensors coordinate their sense/sleep schedules, maintaining energy neutral operation while maximising vehicle detection probability. We theoretically analyse the performance of the sensor network for various coordination strategies and show that by appropriately coordinating their schedules the sensors can achieve significantly improved system-wide performance, detecting up to 50 % of the events that a randomly coordinated network fails to detect. Finally, we deploy our coordination approach in a realistic simulation of our wide area surveillance problem, comparing its performance to a number of benchmarking coordination strategies. In this setting, our approach achieves up to a 57 % reduction in the number of missed vehicles (compared to an uncoordinated network). This performance is close to that achieved by a benchmark centralised algorithm (simulated annealing) and to a continuously powered network (which is an unreachable upper bound for any coordination approach).     

基于Voronoi图的障碍不确定数据的聚类算法

数据采集过程中普遍存在不确定性,并且在现实地理空间中,不确定数据之间可能存在障碍物间隔。为解决障碍空间中不确定数据的聚类问题,提出APPGCUO算法,该算法包括三个过程:在障碍物约束下采用R树节点最小最大值方法提出的RPT-OUCure算法,用以生成局部最优解,提高生成局部最优解的效率;继而利用近似骨架的理论提出GIABO算法,以局部最优解生成有效初始解,避免划分聚类算法中任意初始解的不足;最后结合Voronoi图的特性提出VPT-KMediods算法,减少不确定数据的积分运算量。实验结果表明,APPGCUO算法具有较高的聚类效率和质量。     

Reoptimization in Lagrangian methods for the 0-1 quadratic knapsack problem

The 0-1 quadratic knapsack problem consists of maximizing a quadratic objective function subject to a linear capacity constraint. To exactly solve large instances of this problem with a tree search algorithm (e.g., a branch and bound method), the knowledge of good lower and upper bounds is crucial for pruning the tree but also for fixing as many variables as possible in a preprocessing phase. The upper bounds used in the best known exact approaches are based on Lagrangian relaxation and decomposition. It appears that the computation of these Lagrangian dual bounds involves the resolution of numerous 0-1 linear knapsack subproblems. Thus, taking this huge number of resolutions into account, we propose to embed reoptimization techniques for improving the efficiency of the preprocessing phase of the 0-1 quadratic knapsack resolution. Namely, reoptimization is introduced to accelerate each independent sequence of 0-1 linear knapsack problems induced by the Lagrangian relaxation as well as the Lagrangian decomposition. Numerous numerical experiments validate the relevance of our approach.     

Subgraph similarity maximal all-matching over a large uncertain graph

Recently, uncertain graph data management and mining techniques have attracted significant interests and research efforts due to potential applications such as protein interaction networks and social networks. Specifically, as a fundamental problem, subgraph similarity all-matching is widely applied in exploratory data analysis. The purpose of subgraph similarity all-matching is to find all the similarity occurrences of the query graph in a large data graph. Numerous algorithms and pruning methods have been developed for the subgraph matching problem over a certain graph. However, insufficient efforts are devoted to subgraph similarity all-matching over an uncertain data graph, which is quite challenging due to high computation costs. In this paper, we define the problem of subgraph similarity maximal all-matching over a large uncertain data graph and propose a framework to solve this problem. To further improve the efficiency, several speed-up techniques are proposed such as the partial graph evaluation, the vertex pruning, the calculation model transformation, the incremental evaluation method and the probability upper bound filtering. Finally, comprehensive experiments are conducted on real graph data to test the performance of our framework and optimization methods. The results verify that our solutions can outperform the basic approach by orders of magnitudes in efficiency.     

The Multi-Tree Cubing algorithm for computing iceberg cubes

The computation of data cubes is one of the most expensive operations in on-line analytical processing (OLAP). To improve efficiency, an iceberg cube represents only the cells whose aggregate values are above a given threshold (minimum support). Top-down and bottom-up approaches are used to compute the iceberg cube for a data set, but both have performance limitations. In this paper, a new algorithm, called Multi-Tree Cubing (MTC), is proposed for computing an iceberg cube. The Multi-Tree Cubing algorithm is an integrated top-down and bottom-up approach. Overall control is handled in a top-down manner, so MTC features shared computation. By processing the orderings in the opposite order from the Top-Down Computation algorithm, the MTC algorithm is able to prune attributes. The Bottom Up Computation (BUC) algorithm and its variations also perform pruning by relying on the processing of intermediate partitions. The MTC algorithm, however, prunes without processing such partitions. The MTC algorithm is based on a specialized type of prefix tree data structure, called an Attribute–Partition tree (AP-tree), consisting of attribute and partition nodes. The AP-tree facilitates fast, in-memory sorting and APRIORI-like pruning. We report on five series of experiments, which confirm that MTC is consistently as fast or faster than BUC, while finding the same iceberg cubes.     

A parallel algorithm for graph matching and its MasParimplementation

Search of discrete spaces is important in combinatorial optimization. Such problems arise in artificial intelligence, computer vision, operations research, and other areas. For realistic problems, the search spaces to be processed are usually huge, necessitating long computation times, pruning heuristics, or massively parallel processing. We present an algorithm that reduces the computation time for graph matching by employing both branch-and-bound pruning of the search tree and massively-parallel search of the as-yet-unpruned portions of the space. Most research on parallel search has assumed that a multiple-instruction-stream/multiple-data-stream (MIMD) parallel computer is available. Since massively parallel stream (SIMD) computers are much less expensive than MIMD systems with equal numbers of processors, the question arises as to whether SIMD systems can efficiently handle state-space search problems. We demonstrate that the answer is yes, and in particular, that graph matching has a natural and efficient implementation on SIMD machines     

AllDifferent-based filtering for subgraph isomorphism

The subgraph isomorphism problem involves deciding if there exists a copy of a pattern graph in a target graph. This problem may be solved by a complete tree search combined with filtering techniques that aim at pruning branches that do not contain solutions. We introduce a new filtering algorithm based on local all different constraints. We show that this filtering is stronger than other existing filterings — i.e., it prunes more branches — and that it is also more efficient — i.e., it allows one to solve more instances quicker.     

An iterative growing and pruning algorithm for classification treedesign

A critical issue in classification tree design-obtaining right-sized trees, i.e. trees which neither underfit nor overfit the data-is addressed. Instead of stopping rules to halt partitioning, the approach of growing a large tree with pure terminal nodes and selectively pruning it back is used. A new efficient iterative method is proposed to grow and prune classification trees. This method divides the data sample into two subsets and iteratively grows a tree with one subset and prunes it with the other subset, successively interchanging the roles of the two subsets. The convergence and other properties of the algorithm are established. Theoretical and practical considerations suggest that the iterative free growing and pruning algorithm should perform better and require less computation than other widely used tree growing and pruning algorithms. Numerical results on a waveform recognition problem are presented to support this view     

具有树和路约束的平行机排序问题

考虑具有树和路约束的平行机排序问题,其工件集对应于无向图(有向图)的边(弧)集。目标是选取工件集的一个子集使其满足树或路的约束,将其放在平行机上处理,使得机器的最大完工时间(makespan)尽可能地小。通过分析此类问题的组合性质,得到如下结论：在K-树约束下,利用最小支撑K-树的性质可得一个有效多项式时间近似方案;在两固定点间路的约束下,通过构造辅助实例以控制边的权重,分析辅助实例的输出值与目标实例最优值之间的关系,利用最短路的性质可以得到一个2-近似算法;在单源点最短路径树的约束下,根据最短路径树的性质可以得到一个有效多项式时间近似方案;在两固定点间最短路的约束下,在所有的两点间最短路构成的子图基础上,通过构造新的辅助图以控制弧的权重,再利用最短路的性质可以得到一个1.618-近似算法。     

一种求解度约束最小生成树问题的优化算法

为求解大规模结点度约束最小生成树问题,提出一种带有嫁接和剪接算子操作的优化算法.通过借鉴花草果树种植技术,建立一种以基本遗传算子为基础、带有加速和调节算子作为激励的进化计算体系;嫁接以一种贪婪的思想加速搜索,按收益最大化原则进行剪接.对可能陷入局部极值引起冲突的现象及冲突检测的方法进行分析,并提出了冲突的若干解决方法.针对DCMST问题求解中的复杂性,提出了几种有效的嫁接和剪接的策略,并对算法的收敛性和计算复杂度进行了分析.通过该算法对结点数为50~500之间的Euclidean问题和按均匀随机方式产生的non-Euclidean度约束最小生成树问题进行求解.与现有文献的实验结果对比表明,该方法在求解最好解的精度和收敛速度上均有一定的优势.     

An improved algorithm for the control synthesis of nonlinear sampled switched systems

A novel algorithm for the control synthesis for nonlinear switched systems is presented in this paper. Based on an existing procedure of state-space bisection and made available for nonlinear systems with the help of guaranteed integration, the algorithm has been improved to be able to consider longer patterns of modes with a better pruning approach. Moreover, the use of guaranteed integration also permits to take bounded perturbations and varying parameters into account. It is particularly interesting for safety critical applications, such as in aeronautical, military or medical fields. The whole approach is entirely guaranteed and the induced controllers are correct-by-design. Some experimentations are performed to show the important gain of the new algorithm.     

基于关联图的加权关联规则挖掘算法

针对交易数据库中数据项重要性不同的现象,引入加权支持度和最小支持期望的概念,提出一种基于关联图的加权关联规则模型,并在该模型基础上,设计了改进的加权关联规则挖掘算法。该算法扫描数据库仅一次,采用关联图存储频繁2项集信息,通过构建基于图的剪枝策略,减少验证频繁项集的计算量,有效提高加权频繁项集的生成效率。     

Node and Link Allocation in Network Virtualization Based on Distributed Constraint Optimization

Virtual Networks (VNs) offer a flexible and economic approach to deploy customer suited networks. However, defining how resources of a physical network are used to support VNs requirements is a NP-hard problem. For this reason, heuristics have been used on mapping of virtual networks. Although heuristics do not ensure the optimal solution, they implement fast solutions and showed satisfactory results. This work presents a modeling of the node and link allocation problem using Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem (DCOP) with factor graphs, which is a formalism widely used in real distributed optimization problems. In our approach, we use the max-sum algorithm to solve the DCOP. Correctness criteria for this approach are discussed and verifications are conducted through model checking.     

基于gSpan的数据筛选算法研究与应用*

针对图结构数据库中如何实现图结构的快速有效检索问题,提出了一种新的数据筛选算法。它在gSpan算法原理的基础上引入了新的剪枝规则,修改了DFS编码的形式。其次利用改进后的gSpan挖掘出频繁图结构的DFS编码,以此建立索引并对图结构分类。最后将新算法应用于化学数据库,实验结果证明了该算法的正确性和高效性。     

Efficient Rate-Distortion Optimized Media Streaming for Tree-Structured Packet Dependencies

When streaming packetized media data over a lossy packet network, it is desirable to use transmission strategies that minimize the expected distortion subject to a constraint on the expected transmission rate. Because the computation of such optimal strategies is usually an intractable problem, fast heuristic techniques are often used. We first show that when the graph that gives the decoding dependencies between the data packets is reducible to a tree, optimal transmission strategies can be efficiently computed with dynamic programming algorithms. The proposed algorithms are much faster than other exact algorithms developed for arbitrary dependency graphs. They are slower than previous heuristic techniques but can provide much better solutions. We also show how to apply our algorithms to find high-quality approximate solutions when the dependency graph is not tree reducible. To validate our approach, we run simulations for MPEG1 and H.264 video data. We first consider a simulated packet erasure channel. Then we implement a real video streaming system and provide experimental results for an Internet connection.     

Feasibility check for the distance geometry problem: an application to molecular conformations

The distance geometry problem (DGP) consists in finding an embedding in a metric space of a given weighted undirected graph such that for each edge in the graph, the corresponding distance in the embedding belongs to a given distance interval. We discuss the relationship between the existence of a graph embedding in a Euclidean space and the existence of a graph embedding in a lattice. Different approaches, including two integer programming (IP) models and a constraint programming (CP) approach, are presented to test the feasibility of the DGP. The two IP models are improved with the inclusion of valid inequalities, and the CP approach is improved using an algorithm to perform a domain reduction. The main motivation for this work is to derive new pruning devices within branch‐and‐prune algorithms for instances occurring in real applications related to determination of molecular conformations, which is a particular case of the DGP. A computational study based on a set of small‐sized instances from molecular conformations is reported. This study compares the running times of the different approaches to check feasibility.     

A decision tree approach to graph and subgraph isomorphism detection

A new approach to the problem of graph and subgraph isomorphism detection from an input graph to a database of model graphs is proposed in this paper. It is based on a preprocessing step in which the model graphs are used to create a decision tree. At run time, subgraph isomorphisms are detected by means of decision tree traversal. If we neglect the time needed for preprocessing, the computational complexity of the new graph algorithm is only polynomial in the number of input graph vertices. In particular, it is independent of the number of model graphs and the number of edges in any of the graphs. However, the decision tree is of exponential size. Several pruning techniques which aim at reducing the size of the decision tree are presented. A computational complexity analysis of the new method is given and its behavior is studied in a number of practical experiments with randomly generated graphs.     

切换到高一层路网最近四个点的最短路算法

针对基于大规模图的最短路问题求解速度慢的问题,提出了一个基于路网等级的求最短路的快速近似算法。该算法首先求出高一层路网到起点的4个最近点和到终点的4个最近点及最短路径,由高一层路网形成的子图T再加上这8个最短路径形成图T',在T'上求起点到终点的最短路。这种设计使得该算法适合在超大规模图上求解,理论上也证明了精度可控,同时预处理数据也是可行的,从而使两点间最短路的求解速度大大提高。在纽约公路网上的测试结果说明了该算法的有效性和合理性。     

基于预防维护的单机调度问题

在两种维护约束下,研究完工时间之和最小化的单机调度问题.第1种维护约束是,固定周期预防维护;第2种维护约束是,机器工作期间可连续加工的最大工件个数受限.对于这种带有约束的调度问题,根据问题的规模,采用4种方法进行求解.针对小规模问题,建立一个二值整数规划模型,并根据最优解的特性制定剪枝规则,进而给出分支定界算法.针对中...