碱性电解水用析氢活性阴极的发展

本文较为系统地讨论了碱性电解水析氢活性阴极的发展状况。就其反应机理、合成方法、析氢性能作了简要评述和分析，同时指出优缺点及应用前景。     

镍合金析氢电极研究概述

从镍合金析氢电极的分类、性能、表征、析氢机理、催化机理以及工业化应用前景等方面对该电极的研究状况进行了简要的评述与分析.     

Co基金属有机框架及其衍生材料的电催化析氢研究进展

电催化裂解水产氢是一种可持续的环保能源储存技术,也是降低碳排放的重要手段。金属有机框架(MOFs)因具有比表面积大、孔隙率可调、结构调整多样化及修饰策略简易等优点,从而在电催化析氢领域引起了研究者的广泛关注。综述了Co基金属有机框架(Co-MOFs)及其衍生材料的制备方法、结构调节,以及微观结构对催化活性、催化稳定性和析氢能力的影响。结果表明：Co-MOFs及其衍生材料较传统催化剂表现出更加优异的电化学析氢活性。此外,提出了高性能催化剂的设计策略,并对其在电催化析氢领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

化学镀Ni-Co-W-P及其析氢性能的研究

用化学镀方法制备出Ni-Co-W-P合金电极,测量了其在1 mol/L NaOH溶液中的阴极极化曲线并研究了其析氢电催化活性.试验表明,在相同的电流密度下,Ni-Co-P,Ni-W-P和Ni-Co-W-P合金电极的析氢过电位较Fe电极降低,其中Ni-Co-W-P的析氢过电位降低约230 mV,XRD试验显示其镀层为非晶态.并进一步测试了其在7 mol/L KOH中的连续电解曲线.结果表明:Ni-Co-W-P合金电极比Ni-Co-P,Ni-W-P合金电极具有更好的析氢电催化活性和电化学稳定性,有利于降低槽压,减少能耗.     

碱液中镍电极的析氢机理

研究镍电极在碱液中的析氢机理对开发二次清洁能源有指导意义,过去对其研究不够.通过Tafel曲线和电化学阻抗谱对镍电极在KOH溶液中的析氢机理进行了研究.结果表明,过电位低于600 mV时,析氢服从复合脱附机理,反应历程为电化学步骤+复合脱附步骤;过电位高于600 mV时,析氢服从迟缓放电机理或电化学脱附机理,反应历程为电化学步骤+电化学脱附步骤.     

电解水析氢电极材料的研究新进展

电解水是实现工业化廉价制备氢气的重要手段,为减小阴极过电位,降低能耗,研究具有高电催化活性的阴极析氢材料具有重要的意义。影响析氢材料电催化活性的因素主要有能量因素和几何因素,围绕着这两个主要因素,综述了电解水析氢电极材料的最新研究进展,并对析氢电极材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

碳化钼电解水析氢催化剂的性能调控研究进展

氢气作为一种绿色、可持续的能源,有望代替传统的化石能源。电解水产氢是氢能可持续发展的理想途径。发展非贵金属电催化剂,提高电催化析氢反应(HER)效率,成为目前面临的主要问题。碳化钼因具有较好的电催化析氢活性和优异的稳定性,得到了广泛的关注。本文综述了近几年碳化钼电催化剂电解水产氢的研究进展,重点分析了提高其电催化析氢性能的一些方法,并对碳化钼的性能调控研究进行了展望。     

稀土铈对镍-钴合金电极的析氢催化性能的影响

采用电沉积方法制备了Ni—Co和Ni—Co(RE)合金电权。通过电化学方法研究了其在7mol/L KOH溶波中的析氢电催化活性。实验发现，与Fe电权相比，Ni—Co和Ni—Co(RE)合金电权的析氢电位正移，其中Ni—Co(RE)合金电权的析氢电位正移250mV。通过扫描电镜和合金镀层成分分析，探讨了稀土饰对Ni—Co合金电权析氢电催化性能的影响。结果表明，稀土饰的加入提高了合金电权在7mol/L KOH溶液中的析氢电催化活性和电化学稳定性。有利于降低槽压，减少能耗。     

高催化活性析氢电极的制备现状

对高催化活性析氢电极的各种制备方法(如电沉积法、去合金法、化学镀、复合镀、溅射法及机械合金化等)进行了归纳,并指出了今后析氢电极的发展趋势.     

Ti含量对Ni-Ti镀层形貌及其电解析氢性能的影响

在Ni镀液中添加2g/L、4g/L的-400目的 Ti粉,获取Ni-7.8at%Ti、Ni-35at%Ti镀层,并对所制备的镀层进行了结构和析氢性能分析。结果表明:随着镀液中Ti粉的添加,镀层中Ti含量增加,镀层结构呈现多孔性,镀层的表面积得到大幅度提升。在25℃、6mol/L的NaOH溶液中的电解析氢实验表明:Ni-Ti镀层电极比Ni镀层电极具有更好的析氢性能,且析氢性能随着Ni-Ti镀层中Ti含量的增加而增强;长时间浸泡之后的电解析氢表明Ni-Ti镀层电极在碱性溶液中有良好的稳定性。     

Prereduction of Metal Oxides via Carbon Plasma Treatment for Efficient and Stable Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Prereduction of transition metal oxides is a feasible and efficient strategy to enhance their catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. Unfortunately, the prereduction via the common H₂ annealing method is unstable for nanomaterials during the hydrogen evolution process. Here, using NiMoO₄ nanowire arrays as the example, it is demonstrated that carbon plasma (C‐plasma) treatment can greatly enhance both the catalytic activity and the long‐term stability of transition metal oxides for hydrogen evolution. The C‐plasma treatment has two functions at the same time: it induces partial surface reduction of the NiMoO₄ nanowire to form Ni₄Mo nanoclusters, and simultaneously deposits a thin graphitic carbon shell. As a result, the C‐plasma treated NiMoO₄ can maintain its array morphology, chemical composition, and catalytic activity during long‐term intermittent hydrogen evolution process. This work may pave a new way for simultaneous activation and stabilization of transition metal oxide‐based electrocatalysts.     

Regulating Water‐Reduction Kinetics in Cobalt Phosphide for Enhancing HER Catalytic Activity in Alkaline Solution

Electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen renders a promising pathway for renewable energy storage. Considering limited electrocatalysts have good oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity in acid solution while numerous economical materials show excellent OER catalytic performance in alkaline solution, developing new strategies that enhance the alkaline hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity of cost‐effective catalysts is highly desirable for achieving highly efficient overall water splitting. Herein, it is demonstrated that synergistic regulation of water dissociation and optimization of hydrogen adsorption free energy on electrocatalysts can significantly promote alkaline HER catalysis. Using oxygen‐incorporated Co₂P as an example, the synergistic effect brings about 15‐fold enhancement of alkaline HER activity. Theory calculations confirm that the water dissociation free energy of Co₂P decreases significantly after oxygen incorporation, and the hydrogen adsorption free energy can also be optimized simultaneously. The finding suggests the powerful effectiveness of synergetic regulation of water dissociation and optimization of hydrogen adsorption free energy on electrocatalysts for alkaline HER catalysis.     

稀土铈对镍-钴-磷合金电极的析氢催化性能的影响

采用自行研制的复合配合剂,用化学沉积法在酸性体系中制备了Ni-Co-P和Ni-Co-P稀土合金电极.研究了稀土元素铈对Ni-Co-P合金电极的析氢电催化活性和电化学稳定性的影响.通过电化学方法测定合金电极在7 mol/L KOH溶液中的阴极极化曲线、Tafel曲线和电化学稳定性曲线,结果表明,与Ni-Co-P合金电极相比,Ni-Co-P(RE)合金电极的析氢电位正移约90 mV,Ni-Co-P(RE)合金电极具有较优的析氢电催化活性和电化学稳定性.此外,还通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和合金镀层成分分析,结果表明,稀土元素铈的加入使非晶态Ni-Co-P合金镀层晶粒细化,但稀土元素铈不与合金共沉积,只是起到改变镀层组织结构的作用.     

Transition-metal-doped NiSe2 nanosheets towards efficient hydrogen evolution reactions

Nano Research - Transition metal diselenides are promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and therefore different approaches have been proposed to enhance their catalytic activity. Herein,...     

Ultrathin two-dimensional materials for photo- and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Sustainable hydrogen production via photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and synergetic photoelectrocatalytic processes has been regarded as an effective strategy to address both energy and environmental crises. Due to their unique structures and properties, emerging ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) materials can bring about promising opportunities to realize high-efficiency hydrogen evolution. This review presents a critical appraisal of advantages and advancements for ultrathin 2D materials in catalytic hydrogen evolution, with an emphasis on structure–activity relationship. Furthermore, strategies for tailoring the microstructure, electronic structure, and local atomic arrangement, so as to further boost the hydrogen evolution activity, are discussed. Finally, we also present the existing challenges and future research directions regarding this promising field.     

Stable Rhodium (IV) Oxide for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Water electrolysis in alkaline electrolyte is an attractive way toward clean hydrogen energy via the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), whereas the sluggish water dissociation impedes the following hydrogen evolution. Noble metal oxides possess promising capability for catalyzing water dissociation and hydrogen evolution; however, they are never utilized for the HER due to the instability under the reductive potential. Here it is shown that compressive strain can stabilize RhO₂ clusters and promote their catalytic activity. To this end, a strawberry-like structure with RhO₂ clusters embedded in the surface layer of Rh nanoparticles is engineered, in which the incompatibility between the oxide cluster and the metal substrate causes intensive compressive strain. As such, RhO₂ clusters remain stable at a reduction potential up to −0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and present an alkaline HER activity superior to commercial Pt/C.     

Characterization of porous Ni3Al electrode for hydrogen evolution in strong alkali solution

The hydrogen evolution reactions on porous Ni₃Al electrodes, as well as their electrochemical properties in 6 M KOH solutions have been investigated by the polarization measurement, cyclic voltammetry and EIS technique. Results show that the porous Ni₃Al electrodes with lower pore size possess higher catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution in KOH solutions. Their stability in 6 M KOH at 298 K and 358 K under the condition of the reverse polarization is shown to be very good. The electrodes exhibit long term stability and retain high catalytic performance under industrial conditions.     

硅电极表面镍钨磷合金电沉积及其析氢性能

Ni-W-P合金薄膜具有优良的催化析氢性能和耐蚀性.通过在半导体p型Si上恒电流沉积Ni-W-P合金薄膜,制备出Ni-W-P合金修饰的半导体p型Si电极.用SEM和XRD对合金薄膜的表面形貌、组成和结构进行了表征,以电极的阴极极化曲线对其催化析氢和光电催化析氢性能进行评价.结果表明:W,P质量分数分别为26.71%和0.95%的纳米晶合金修饰的p型Si电极具有优良的催化析氢性能和显著的光电析氢活性.     

Electrodeposited Ni-S intermetallic compound film electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solutions

Tailoring of nickel-sulfur (Ni-S) intermetallic compound film electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solutions was attempted by electrodeposition from a typical Watts bath containing sodium thiosulfate as sulfur source and sulfosalicylic acid as additive. The XRD analysis shows that the as-deposited Ni-S film electrode with fine morphological features comprised of intermetallic compound phase structure and amorphous phase structure. The intermetallic compound film electrodes generate a higher catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution in comparison with Ni-S film electrodes comprised of amorphous phase structures, even with commercial Ni mesh or Ni/RuO₂ composite electrode.