Dynamic properties of star‐shaped,solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber and its cocoagulated rubber‐filled with silica/carbon black

The dynamic properties, including the dynamic mechanical properties, flex fatigue properties, dynamic compression properties, and rolling loss properties, of star‐shaped solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR) and organically modified nanosilica powder/star‐shaped styrene–butadiene rubber cocoagulated rubber (N‐SSBR), both filled with silica/carbon black (CB), were studied. N‐SSBR was characterized by ¹H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography, energy dispersive spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the silica particles were homogeneously dispersed in the N‐SSBR matrix. In addition, the N‐SSBR/SiO₂/CB–rubber compounds' high bound rubber contents implied good filler–polymer interactions. Compared with SSBR filled with silica/CB, the N‐SSBR filled with these fillers exhibited better flex fatigue resistance and a lower Payne effect, internal friction loss, compression permanent set, compression heat buildup, and power loss. The nanocomposites with excellent flex fatigue resistance showed several characteristics of branched, thick, rough, homogeneously distributed cross‐sectional cracks, tortuous flex crack paths, few stress concentration points, and obscure interfaces with the matrix. Accordingly, N‐SSBR would be an ideal matrix for applications in the tread of green tires. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40348.     

Study on structure and properties of SSBR/SiO2 co‐coagulated rubber and SSBR filled with nanosilica composites

The morphological structure, glass transition, mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of star‐shaped solution‐polymerized styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR) synthesized by a multifunctional organic lithium initiator and SiO₂‐SSBR composite (N‐SSBR) prepared through adding a small amount of nanosilica modified by silane coupling agent to star‐shaped SSBR synthetic solution and co‐coagulating, and their nanocomposites filled with 20 phr nanosilica were investigated, respectively. The results showed that the silica particles were well dispersed with nanosize in N‐SSBR, which glass‐transition temperature (T_g) was 2°C higher than SSBR. N‐SSBR/SiO₂ nanocomposite exhibited lower Payne effect and internal friction loss, higher mechanical properties, and its T_g was 2°C higher than SSBR/SiO₂ nanocomposite. N‐SSBR might promote the dispersion of nanosilica powder in matrix and could be applied to green tire tread materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

改性纳米二氧化硅的制备及其在溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶并用胶中的应用

摘要：以γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)为修饰剂,采用液相原位表面修饰技术,制备了可分散性纳米二氧化硅,并将这种改性后的纳米二氧化硅应用到溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶体系,对其进行力学性能、磨耗性能、流变性能测试,考察了修饰剂的不同用量对复合材料上述性能的影响。傅里叶红外光谱表明,KH570已经成功通过化学键键合在二氧化硅表面,扫描电镜显示其团聚减弱,分散性提高。橡胶纳米复合材料的力学性能有所改善,在修饰量为25-50mmol/kg时性能最佳;耐磨性能明显提高,尤其是修饰量为50mmol/kg时,磨耗体积最少,降低了33.85%;明显降低了Payne效应,减弱了二氧化硅的团聚,提高了其在橡胶基体中的分散性。     

Influence of fillers dispersion on friction and wear performance of solution styrene butadiene rubber composites

Development of structure–properties relationships between the fillers/rubber matrix interface chemistry and the dispersion and interfacial adhesion properties of the rubber composites is critical to predict their bulk mechanical and tribological properties. In this paper, three solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) composites containing various fillers with tailored interfacial chemistry were prepared via conventional mixing technique. Subsequently, thermal and structural features of filled SSBR composites were monitored by TG, DSC, XRD, XPS, FESEM and TEM, respectively. Sliding contact experiments were conducted to study tribological properties of styrene butadiene rubber composites under dry and wet conditions. It was shown that the SSBR filled with silicon dioxide nanoparticles significantly reduced both the friction coefficient and the wear against marble block. On the contrary, it exhibited an increased friction coefficient and wear under wet friction conditions due to the specific superior wet‐skid resistance of silicon dioxide nanopartilce filled rubber composites, a good dispersion of silicon dioxide nanopartilce in the rubber matrix and strong interfacial adhesion between nanoparticles and rubber matrix. In addition, the influence of fillers dispersion and interfacial adhesion on friction and wear of styrene butadiene rubber composites was evaluated employing theoretical calculation, and the predicted results were in agreement with the experimental observations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43589.     

Effect of the variation in the weight percentage of the loading and the reduction in the nanosizes of CaSO4 on the mechanical and thermal properties of styrene–butadiene rubber

The incorporation of fillers into elastomers has profound effects on the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites that form. In this study, styrene–butadiene rubber as a matrix was reinforced separately with 10‐, 15‐, or 23‐nm CaSO₄, which was synthesized by an in situ deposition technique. The mixing and compounding were performed on a two‐roll mill, and sheets were prepared in a compression‐molding machine. Properties such as the swelling index, specific gravity, tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 300% elongation, Young's modulus, hardness, and abrasion resistance were measured. The morphology of the rubber nanocomposites was also performed with scanning electron microscopy to study the dispersion of the nanofiller in the rubber matrix. The thermal decomposition of the rubber nanocomposites was studied with thermogravimetric analysis, and the results were compared with those of commercial CaSO₄‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber. A reduction in the nanosizes of CaSO₄ led to an enhancement of the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of the rubber nanocomposites. Above a 10 wt % filler loading, the styrene–butadiene rubber showed a reduction in all properties. This effect was observed because of the agglomeration of the nanoparticles in the rubber matrix. The thermodynamic parameters were also studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2018–2026, 2007     

不同牌号丁苯橡胶的结构与性能对比

对不同牌号丁苯橡胶的微观结构、分子量及其分布、硫化胶的物理机械性能、混炼胶的硫化特性、压缩永久变形及动态力学性能进行了对比.结果表明,溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)与乳聚丁苯橡胶(ESBR)的乙烯基、反式-1,4-结构及顺式-1,4-结构含量差别较大.SSBR的相对分子质量更高,分子量分布更窄,硫化速率更快,耐磨性能、抗湿滑...     

Vulcanization accelerator functionalized nanosilica: Effect on the reinforcement behavior of SSBR/BR

The application of nanosilica in high performance tire highly depends on its uniform dispersion in rubber matrix. A series of dispersible nanosilica (denoted as DNS) modified by diphenyl guanidine (denoted as DPG, a vulcanization accelerator) were synthesized by liquid phase in situ surface chemical modification. The structure of the as‐obtained DNS‐DPG fillers was investigated in relation to Fourier transform infrared spectrometric analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering test, and transmission electron microscopic observation. It was found that the rubber vulcanization accelerator DPG was successfully grafted onto the surface of nanosilica, thereby effectively preventing the silica nanoparticles from agglomeration and significantly reducing the average particle size. The reinforcing effect of the DPG‐modified DNS nano‐fillers for the solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber (denoted as SSBR/BR) was dependent on the fraction of the modifier DPG; in particular, when the amount of modifier DPG is 135.25 mmol/kg (denoted as DNS‐DPG‐3), silica exhibited very homogeneous dispersion in the SSBR/BR matrix, which contributed to significantly enhancing the filler‐rubber compatibility. As a result, SSBR/BR/DNS‐DPG‐3 nanocomposite exhibited the best mechanical properties, integrated high abrasion resistance and low rolling resistance. The modified silica not only possessed the effect of accelerating the crosslinking reaction, but also showed the reinforcing effect. This could make it feasible for SSBR/BR/DNS‐DPG nanocomposite to find promising application in green tire tread. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1270–1278 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

不同苯乙烯含量的充油溶聚丁苯橡胶在高性能轮胎胎面胶中的应用

以溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）Buna VSL 5025-1和2438-2HM、乳聚丁苯橡胶（ESBR）1712和1721并用BR9000为基体,以炭黑和白炭黑为补强剂,对比研究几种胶料的硫化特性、物理性能、动态力学性能、耐磨性能和抗湿滑性能。结果表明：与ESBR1712和1721胶料相比,炭黑或白炭黑填充SSBR Buna VSL 5025-1和2438-2HM胶料的操作安全性、耐磨性能、抗湿滑性能较好;白炭黑填充SSBR Buna VSL 5025-1和2438-2HM胶料的滚动阻力较小、耐热老化性能较差,炭黑填充SSBR Buna VSL 5025-1和2438-2HM胶料的滚动阻力较大、耐热老化性能较好。     

Functionalized graphene‐reinforced rubber composite: Mechanical and tribological behavior study

A functionalized graphene, fluorinated graphene nanosheets (FGS), and SiO₂ nanoparticles as reinforcing fillers were employed to improve the mechanical properties of the solution styrene butadiene and butadiene rubber composites (SSBR‐BR). The results showed that the mechanical properties of SSBR‐BR composite filled with FGS were substantially improved than those of the unfilled and equivalent filler loaded graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) filled SSBR‐BR composites. It can be ascribed to the fact that the hydrophobic surface of FGS can be endowed the good dispersion in rubber matrix and stronger interfacial interaction between rubber and fillers. The tribological properties of these composites are also investigated. The results reveal that incorporation of GO, rGO, and FGS in SSBR‐BR composites can decrease antiwear properties because the existence of layered graphene promotes to tear and peel off. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44970.     

宽温域阻尼材料用嵌段溶聚丁苯橡胶的合成与性能

以苯乙烯和丁二烯为单体、正丁基锂为引发剂、2,2-二(四氢呋喃)丙烷为调节剂、环己烷为溶剂,采用活性负离子聚合技术设计并合成出两段组成及比例不同的嵌段型溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）,使用核磁共振波谱仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪表征其微观结构、化学组成和分子量及其分布,并采用橡胶拉力机和动态机械分析仪分别对嵌段SSBR硫化胶的力学性能和动态力学性能进行测试。结果表明,嵌段SSBR分子结构满足设计要求;嵌段SSBR硫化胶具有较好的力学性能和动态力学性能;嵌段SSBR的软段与硬段的质量比越高,有效阻尼温域越宽;当软段为结合苯乙烯含量更低的链段,嵌段SSBR有效阻尼温域进一步拓宽;当嵌段SSBR两段结合苯乙烯结构单元质量分数分别为15%和50%且二者质量比为7/3时,损耗因子不小于0.3时的温域超过53 ℃。     

Mechanical and functional properties of composites based on graphite and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber

In this study, carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (xNBR)/expanded graphite (EG) nanocomposites were prepared with a latex compounding technique by ultrasonic stirring. The dispersion of EG in the xNBR matrix was investigated with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. EG could be exfoliated into lots of nanosheets dispersing in the xNBR matrix. More EG loading resulted in the presence of a few incompletely exfoliated agglomerates. The mechanical properties (hardness, tensile modulus, and tensile strength) of the xNBR/EG composites were determined. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was also performed, and it showed that the nanosheets of EG somewhat immobilized the motion of rubber macromolecular chains and led to the shifting and broadening of the tan δ peak toward higher temperatures. Many other functional properties of EG‐filled xNBR composites were studied, and it was established that the composites had excellent electrical conductivity as well as gas‐barrier and wear properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

溶聚丁苯橡胶FX 5021和FX 3211在轮胎胎面胶中的应用

以2种牌号溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）FX 5021和FX 3211作为基体材料,白炭黑作为增强填料,考察了2种混炼胶中填料的分散性及硫化胶的物理机械性能及动态力学性能。结果表明,在FX 5021混炼胶中白炭黑的分散性更好,FX 5021混炼胶的硫化速率较慢。FX 5021硫化胶的拉伸强度和定伸应力更高,而FX 3211硫化胶拥有更高的撕裂强度、回弹性和耐磨耗性能。FX 5021硫化胶有更高的抗湿滑性能和滚动阻力。     

纯化改性乳聚丁苯橡胶的性能研究

用提纯的方法改性乳聚丁苯橡胶(ESBR),对比改性ESBR(TSBR)、ESBR和溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)的加工工艺和物理性能,并考察3种丁苯橡胶(SBR)与天然橡胶(NR)和顺丁橡胶(BR)并用制备胎面胶的性能。结果表明:TSBR的炭黑分散性、硫化特性和物理性能较ESBR好,生热降低;弹性优于SSBR。TSBR可用于高性能轮胎胎面胶。     

炭黑在天然橡胶/溶聚丁苯橡胶硫化胶中的分散及其对性能的影响

考察了溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)用量、炭黑的种类及用量对天然橡胶(NR)/SSBR硫化胶动态力学性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,炭黑与SSBR的结合作用比与NR弱;随SSBR用量的增加,炭黑在NR/SSBR共混硫化胶中的分散性提高,Payne效应减弱,频率敏感性增强;随SSBR用量的增加,NR/SSBR共混硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度减小,扯断伸长率变化不大;而定伸应力则呈先减小后增大的趋势;随不同种类的炭黑在NR/SSBR硫化胶中分散性的提高,定伸应力呈上升趋势,损耗因子和压缩生热呈减小趋势.     

Radiation induced modification of NBR and SBR montmorillonite nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of two different kinds of rubber (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber NBR and styrene butadiene rubber SBR)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites modified by hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide were prepared by the reactive mixing intercalation method in the presence of trimethylolpropane trimethylmethacrylate (TMPTMA). The influence of gamma irradiation on the morphology and properties of the rubber nanocomposites was investigated. Intercalated polar or unsaturated matrices (e.g., NBR and SBR)/OMMT nanocomposites can be obtained, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The clay layers could be uniformly dispersed in the rubber matrix on the nanometer level. Mechanical tests showed that the nanocomposites had good mechanical properties as compared to the neat composites. The results also showed that the irradiated NBR/OMMT nanocomposites had higher thermal stabilities than irradiated SBR/OMMT nanocomposites.     

低滚动阻力轿车轮胎胎面配方的材料选择

研究溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)、白炭黑、硅烷偶联剂和特殊弹性体Nanoprene BM75对低滚动阻力轮胎胎面胶性能的影响。结果表明:采用合适结构的SSBR替代乳聚丁苯橡胶或采用白炭黑替代炭黑都可以在提高轮胎抗湿滑性能的同时降低滚动阻力,改性SSBR的动态性能优于相同微观结构的未改性SSBR;新型硅烷偶联剂胶料比传统硅烷偶联剂胶料动态性能更好;特殊弹性体Nanoprene BM75也可有效降低滚动阻力。     

Impact of various oxidation degrees of graphene oxide on the performance of styrene–butadiene rubber nanocomposites

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) with various oxidation degrees were synthesized by adjusting the dosage of oxidation agent based on a modified Hummers' method, and were then used for the fabrication of the styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/GO nanocomposites through latex coagulation method, followed by a high‐temperature cure process. The vulcanization characteristics, thermal stability, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity as well as solvent resistance of SBR/GO nanocomposites were investigated. The results indicated that various surface structures of GO due to oxidation degrees may lead to different dispersion states of GO in the rubber matrix, and thus greatly influenced the cure rate, mechanical properties as well as thermal conductivity of SBR/GO nanocomposites. The optimal (moderate) oxidation degree of GO was achieved at the oxidation agent (KMnO₄)/graphite weight ratio 9/5, for which case the tensile strength, tear strength, and thermal conductivity of SBR/GO nanocomposites increased by 271.3%, 112.3%, and 28.6%, respectively, compared with those of neat SBR. In addition, the mentioned nanocomposites also showed the best solvent resistance in toluene. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1409–1418, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers     

SSBR2530在轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)2530等量代替乳聚丁苯橡胶(ESBR)1712在轮胎胎面胶中的应用.结果表明,与ESBR1712胶料相比,SSBR2530胶料具有较好的耐磨和耐屈挠疲劳性能,并且生热较低.采用SSBR2530的成品轮胎与采用ESBR的成品轮胎相比,胎面胶物理性能相似,经济效益显著.     

Acrylonitrile butadiene nanocomposites containing different clays by latex compounding method

Considering elastomers nanocomposites, most of the works are focused on natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and rubber blends, while few of them deal with nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). This article presents the reinforcing effect of two raw sodic montmorillonites (Mts) and one organoclay on NBR matrix prepared by the latex compounding method. Raw Mts increase the mechanical properties of neat matrices. A pseudoplastic behavior is observed with the incorporation of clays into the NBR latex, indicating interactions between polymer chains and clay sheets, in agreement with the results of zeta potential analysis. X‐ray diffraction evaluates changes in the interlayer distance of the clay, indicating the NBR intercalation phenomenon in all cases. Matrices with different clay proportions present variations in the mechanical properties, depending if the aggregation phenomenon is promoted. Morphological analysis of clays and nanocomposites as well as thermal analysis were performed. The variation in mechanical properties after an aging process was studied, evaluating the effects on the tensile strength, ultimate strain and 300% modulus. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:736–744, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

丁腈橡胶/膨胀石墨导电纳米复合材料的制备和性能

采用熔融插层法制备了丁腈橡胶/膨胀石墨纳米复合材料。扫描电镜(SEM)研究表明,超声处理后的膨胀石墨薄片厚度为纳米级。透射电镜(TEM)研究证实,膨胀石墨确以纳米级尺寸分散在橡胶基体中。力学性能研究表明,填加5份膨胀石墨时,纳米复合材料的拉伸强度最大,为28·4MPa,是不含膨胀石墨的复合材料的1·8倍。导电性能研究显示,填加10份膨胀石墨时,纳米复合材料的表面电导率和体积电导率分别为1·1×10-9S/cm和1·2×10-9S/cm,是不含膨胀石墨的复合材料的100倍和43倍。