OSI参考模型与B—ISDN协议参考模型的比较

分析了ＯＳＩ参考模型和Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ协议参考模型之间的关系，为Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ与以ＯＳＩ为标准的数据网的互联打下了基础。     

ISDN computer-aided telephony

It is argued that ISDN computer-aided telephony requires properly architected platforms to satisfy changing application needs during the 1990s. Proper architecting necessitates the use of functionally rich and consistent telephony application programming interfaces (APIs). Other APIs are also needed to support integrated applications. The coexistence of telephony and other APIs must be accommodated in the ISDN driver architecture to make efficient use of D-channel signaling and voice, data, or image communications on the associated B/H channels. This driver may support Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), Systems Network Architecture (SNA), X.25, or other protocol stacks in the same computer using a single ISDN access link. Applications being currently explored show that significant benefits can be realized using incoming call management and LAN-based image server access by means of ISDN. It is envisioned that by the year 2001, a common API will facilitate multimedia applications on multivendor platforms architected within the OSI framework. These platforms will support interconnections of public and private ISDNs and bridging to BISDNs     

ISDN protocol architecture

IT IS NOW widely recognized that the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) concept is providing a useful framework for the development of future telecommunications networks and services. An ISDN can be regarded as a generalpurpose digital network capable of supporting (or integrating) a wide range of services (voice and non-voice) using a small set of standard multipurpose user-network interfaces. Relevant CCITT Recommendations (or standards) on ISDN interfaces were expected to be available in 1984, the final year of the current study period. This paper reviews CCITT progress on the architectural studies of protocols associated with ISDN's, in particular, the ISDN Protocol Reference Model being developed by Study Group XVIII. This Model, based on the concepts and principles of the ISO/CCITT Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model, aims at providing a unified framework for modeling ISDN multiservice communications and capabilities. The new Model is applied to several possible ISDN communications configurations, enabling a number of technical issues to be easily identified.     

Signaling System No.7: a tutorial

A tutorial overview of the salient features of SS7 is provided. Its history is briefly reviewed, and the SS7 network services part (NSP), which corresponds to the first three layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model, is described. Signaling network structures that, in conjunction with the NSP, provide integrated services digital network (ISDN) nodes with a highly reliable and efficient means of exchanging signaling messages are discussed. The nodal capabilities of connection (call) control and remote process invocation and management and other functions of the user parts of SS7 are examined. The very stringent performance requirements of signaling systems, which reflect the critical nature of signaling functions and their real-time exigencies, are stressed. A broad outline of the likely evolution of ISDN signaling systems in the remaining years of this century is sketched     

Bell Canada ISDN Trial Plans

After years of work by the CCITT and other standards bodies, the ISDN concept has reached the stage where manufacturers are announcing the availability of ISDN network and terminal products. Bell Canada has responded to this development by planning an extensive ISDN trial program, including access-loop verification, switch hardware and software verification, and, finally, customer market trials. This trial program will permit Bell Canada to refine the technology and services to best meet customer needs. The trial program is only the most recent manifestation of the evolution towards ISDN through digital network modernization. An early move towards digital technology within Bell has already paid substantial dividends in terms of new services and revenues. These services, and the emerging ISDN-based service opportunities, are highlighted in this paper.     

An Overview of Signaling System No. 7

When it was first approved by the CCITT in the 1980 Yellow Book, Signaling System No. 7 was described as "an internationally standardized general purpose Common Channel Signalling (CCS) system:bulletoptimized for operation in digital telecommunications networks in conjunction with stored program controlled exchanges;bulletthat can meet present and future requirements of information transfer (circuit and non-circuit related) for inter-processor transactions within telecommunications networks for call control, remote control, network data base access, and management and maintenance signalling;bulletthat provides a reliable means of information transfer in correct sequence, without loss or duplication." It then consisted of a three-level message transfer part (MTP-for connectionless message transfer), a telephone user part (for analog call setup and control), a data user part (for analog circuit switched data), and a four-level architectural model with a "fuzzy" relation to the OSI seven-layer model. By 1984, in the Red Book, the MTP had matured considerably (especially in the area of congestion control), a new level had been added to provide additional transport functionality (the signaling connection control part or SCCP), an ISDN user part provided call control for digital facilities, and the architectural model had been "adjusted." Future efforts are focusing on cod-to-end ISDN signaling compatibility (harmonization of SS7 andD-channel procedures), non-circuit-related transaction capabilities (e.g., for network database interactions), a complete operations and maintenance application part (OMAP), and a more formal architectural relationship with the OSI model.     

An overview of Signaling System No.7

An overview of Signaling System No.7 (SS7) is presented. The salient features of SS7's network services part (NSP) are described. Functionally, NSP corresponds to the first three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model. The signaling network structures that, in conjunction with the NSP, provide integrated services digital network (ISDN) nodes with a highly reliable and efficient means of exchanging signaling messages are discussed. The nodal capabilities of call control and remote process invocation and management, part of the SS7 user parts, are described. The very stringent performance requirements of signaling systems and their reflection on the critical nature of signaling functions and their real-time exigencies are discussed. The likely evolution of network signaling in the remaining years of the 20th century is discussed     

上海N－ISDN商用化试验网

本文主要介绍上海Ｎ－ＩＳＤＮ商用化试验网的组网方案及目前ＩＳＤＮ网所具有的业务能力，并根据测试中发现的问题和ＩＳＤＮ用户需求提出了上海地区发展ＩＳＤＮ的设想和建议。同时本文穿插介绍了几种ＩＳＤＮ终端产品，以使人们能对这些终端的功能有所了解。     

Two years of experience with broadband ISDN field trial

The BERKOM project, which represents the largest broadband ISDN (BISDN) field trial in the world, is discussed. The objectives of the field trial are outlined. Three aspects of the test network are then addressed: system concept, system extension, and system experience. Tests demonstrated that the overall system performance met all requirements for telecommunication applications     

适配于ISDN的综合业务局域网设计

现有ＬＡＮ的传输能力在很大程度上可满足传输综合业务的要求，现有ＬＡＮ适配于ＩＳＤＮ的直接方法是在ＬＡＮ上实现ＩＳＤＮ功能，从而达到ＬＡＮ工作站与ＩＳＤＮ间业务的完全互通，在ＬＡＮ上实现ＩＳＤＮ功能的方案是：（１）在ＬＡＮ上增加综合业务传输接口，该接口不同于ＬＡＮ软件提供的接口，具有实时性，而且该接口的设计应使ＬＡＮ应用与综合业务应用间互相独立；（２）开发在工作站上与ＬＡＮ应用软件并发运行的综合业务     

数字程控交换机ISDN功能扩展及实现

本文深入浅出地说明了ISDN的基本概念和业务特点,着重叙述了数字程控交换机的ISDN功能扩展及其实现的技术关键,最后介绍了我国ISDN交换机的开发和试用情况。     

Omissions and ambiguities in CCITT Recommendation Q.921

The data link layer protocol for the integrated services digital network (ISDN) user/network interface, known as link access protocol-D (LAPD), is a protocol that operates at layer 2 of the open systems interconnection (OSI) architecture. Its purpose is to safely convey information between layer 3 entities using the D-channel. The information types that LAPD is intended to transport include call control signaling, packet mode communications, and management information. Observations are made in this article about what are, in the authors' opinion, the most confusing points of CCITT Recommendation Q.921 with comments related to data link layer address field, broadcast connections, terminal endpoint identifier (TEI) management procedures, layer 2 frames exchange, and connection management entity response to MDL-error indication primitives. This article intends solely to clarify the recommendations so that their concepts and procedures become easier to understand and implement, which can lead to significant saving of time for those who must eventually use LAPD procedures or develop the software for handling them     

ISDN applications at Tenneco Gas

The evolution from analog to integrated services digital network (ISDN) telecommunication services at Tenneco Gas and the features of its telephone system are described. The results of implementing ISDN in data operations are examined. The benefits of ISDN for Tenneco are briefly summarized     

North American agreements on ISDN

The work of the North American Integrated Services Digital Network Users Forum (NIUF) is presented, and its relationship to the Accredited Standards Committee T1 and other standards bodies is discussed. The role of the NIUF within the ISDN arena is evident when considering the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for ISDN and the Transcontinental ISDN Project (TRIP), both of which are described. The relationship of the ISDN FIPS to the Government Open System Interconnection Profile (GOSIP) and the military standard on ISDN are also discussed. A comparison of NIUF agreements/ISDN standards and the Bellcore NI-1 specifications is presented     

CCITT Recommendations--Network Aspects of the ISDN

This paper presents an outline of the key network standards issues addressed in CCITT as a necessary part of the development and implementation of ISDN. The results achieved in the 1981-1984 Study Period focused on ISDN network functional requirements, ISDN numbering plan, connection types to link ISDN interfaces across the network, and the relationship of the ISDN protocol model with the seven-layer ISO model. The additional network issues which must be resolved in the current (1985-1988) Study Period are identified and briefly discussed. Of particular interest are internetworking between ISDN and existing networks, numbering plan interworking, routing, and maintenance standards. The market success of ISDN depends upon early resolution of these network standards to meet the field trials scheduled for 1986-1988 and the first implementations expected in 1988-1990.     

Current role and future evolution of the ISDN Signaling system inNTT's network

The current role of the integrated services digital network (ISDN) Signaling System is examined, covering general features of the ISDN protocol, functionalities supporting ISDN services, and functionalities supporting existing services. The Signaling System No.7 (SS7) network and its operation are described. The future evolution of the ISDN signaling system is discussed     

Sockets++: a uniform application programming interface for basiclevel communication services

This article presents an enhanced application programming interface based on the well-known BSD Sockets paradigm. The major modifications made during the redesign of Sockets are as follows: using an object-oriented design that facilitates the introduction of new communication service functions and simplifies use and learning; using a new generic communication model that supports a wide range of traditional and advanced communication services such as OSI, Internet, ISDN, and ATM services; using an abstract message-passing concept to transfer service data across the interface which enables operating systems to apply copy-avoiding mechanisms; supporting multipoint communications and enabling applications to distinguish different data streams; supporting direct forwarding of incoming data streams to outgoing streams to yield better performance; avoiding platform dependencies so as to reduce modification costs when porting applications     

ISDN protocols for connection control

The technical details of the integrated services digital network (ISDN) access protocols for connection control are described. These protocols are the ISDN physical layer, link layer, and layer 3, which are documented in International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) Recommendations I.430, I.441, and I.451, respectively. Other work that supports or enhances these protocols is described. In particular, the ISDN protocol reference model, how it relates to the open systems interconnection reference model, and CCITT Recommendation Q.932 on service feature control on ISDN are discussed. Possible uses of ISDN, possible evolution paths, and some understanding issues related to ISDN are also described     

A multiprocessor approach for meeting the processing requirementsfor OSI

To meet the increased communication processing requirements of high-speed networks, a multiprocessing network interface is considered for processing multiple layers of a communication protocol stack. In particular, the processing of the open systems interconnection (OSI) layers 2 to 6 on the network interface are considered. OSI processing is computationally expensive because of the inclusion of the transfer syntax conversion at the presentation layer. The approach taken is to process different packets in parallel. The results obtained from simulations indicate that the approach has promise for OSI processing at higher rates