早期护理干预对新生儿黄疸水平的影响

目的:探讨早期护理干预对新生儿黄疸水平的影响.方法:将足月分娩的250例正常新生儿随机分为实验组和对照组.对照组给予常规新生儿护理,实验组在常规护理基础上给予开塞露液灌肠、新生儿游泳、新生儿抚触等护理干预.观察两组新生儿首次排便时间、大便变黄时间、经皮胆红素值和黄疸的发生情况.结果:实验组新生儿首次排便时间及大便变黄时间与对照组相比明显缩短,经皮胆红素值低于对照组.两组差异有显著意义.结论:对新生儿进行早期护理干预能加快胎便排出,减轻黄疸程度,减少新生儿高胆红素血症的发生.     

运用护理程序对重度烫伤新生儿的护理体会

目的:运用护理程序设计重度烫伤新生儿接受湿性医疗技术 ( MEBT/MEBO ) 治疗的护理计划并实施整体护理.方法:由 责任护士为新入院患儿根据病情提出护理诊断,预期目标,实施护理措施.结果:6 例烫伤面积为 16 - 25%TBSA 的新生儿均痊愈出院.结论:护理程序是抢救重度烫伤新生儿的关键因素.     

早产儿的喂养

随着早产儿存活率的上升，早产儿的喂养问题日益突出。如何给早产儿提供全面合理的营养一直困扰着产儿科医生。以下就近年来早产儿的喂养临床研究及实践作以概述。     

新生儿听力筛查的护理

探讨快速听性脑干诱发电位(AABR)在新生儿听力筛查中的应用及护理.对866例新生儿采用两阶段的筛查方案,即新生儿在出生72h后用AABR进行初筛,未通过者1个月左右进行AABR复筛,复筛未通过者3个月内转本院儿童听力检测中心接受全面听功能检查.初筛未通过72例(8.1%);其中参加复筛62例(81.9%),流失10例,7例未通过复筛,最后3例确诊有听力损伤.认为应用AABR进行新生儿听力筛查,筛查中要密切护理配合,可减少筛查假阳性率.并做好初筛未通过者家属的健康教育,提高复检率.     

新生儿破伤风的呼吸道护理

窒息是新生儿破伤风死亡的主要原因之一,为了提高新生儿破伤风的治愈率,笔者对10例新生儿破伤风患儿侧重从体位、氧气吸入、吸痰、改变病室条件等护理措施出发,保持患儿呼吸道通畅.     

护理干预对癫痫患者生活质量的影响

目的 通过评价癫痫患者综合护理前后生活质量评分的变化,探讨护理干预对癫痫患者生活质量的影响,为提高癫痫患者生活质量提供理论依据.方法研究对象为2009年3月～2011年3月来本院就诊的200例成人癫痫患者,给予护理干预,评价其对生活质量的影响.生活质量评定工具:①成人癫痫患者生活质量量表-31中文版(QOLIE-31中文版);②焦虑自评量表;③抑郁自评量表.结果综合护理后的生活功能评分、心理功能评分、生活质量平均得分均明显高于综合护理前 (P<0.01);综合护理前后焦虑自评得分无显著性差异(P>0.05);综合护理前后抑郁自评得分有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论对癫痫患者实施的综合护理,充分发挥社会、家庭支持系统的作用,加强患者及家属的健康教育,对提高癫痫患者的生活质量具有重要意义.     

护理干预对矽肺患者生命质量的影响

目的 研究矽肺患者健康相关生命质量(HRQoL)状况及其成因分析,开展护理干预.方法 采用健康自评量表(SF-36)对矽肺患者评价的HRQoL,通过护理评估、访谈等形式进行HRQoL成因分析和针对性护理干预.主要成因为社会家庭支持度不满意、心理情感障碍、免疫力低下、肺功能下降、营养不良等;护理对策为健康教育、社会家庭支持、心理疏导与情感支持、呼吸功能护理、康复护理与预防感染、饮食营养支持等.结果 矽肺患者生理功能(PF)、总体健康(GH)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、活力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)、精神健康(MH)均低下,实施针对性护理干预后RP、BP、VT、SF、RE、MH均有显著提高(p<0.01),有统计学意义.结论 根据矽肺患者HRQoL成因分析采取相应的护理措施能明显改善矽肺患者的HRQoL.     

早产儿早期胃肠内喂养的护理进展

我国早产儿的发生率为5%～10%,早产儿体内各器官发育不成熟,尤其是消化系统,各种消化酶不足,吞咽、吸吮和觅食反射等均不敏感,极易发生各种并发症.随着NICU的建立,极低出生体重儿VLBW I的救治水平不断提高,解决喂养问题是提高存活率及生存质量的关键.现对早产儿早期肠内喂养护理进展作一综述,以其能得到更加科学合理的喂养.     

新生儿机械通气的护理

总结了目前新生儿机械通气的护理有关问题,包括:严密监测生命体征、呼吸机管理、气管插管护理、口腔护理和预防并发症等几个方面.认为对新生儿机构通气进行科学管理,能有效提高护理质量和抢救成功率.     

早产低体重儿喂养不耐受护理方法的研究

目的:探讨护理流程重组对早产低体重儿营养及喂养不耐受方法的影效果.方法:将遵医嘱予280例早产低体重儿分为两组,对两组喂养相关指标及喂养不耐受的发生情况进行评价.结果:实验组患儿体重增长量高于同期对照驵,其他项目高于对照组.结论:采用重组护理流程干预在一定程序上解决早产低体重儿喂养困难有明显优势.     

社区康复护理干预对脑卒中患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨社区康复护理干预对脑卒中患者生活质量的影响.方法 选择120例曾在本院门诊就诊或住过院的脑卒中患者,随机分成康复组和对照组,对康复组通过评估、制定康复计划,予以心理护理、肢体功能锻炼、日常生活能力训练配合理疗,对照组不予任何康复护理干预,实施前后及2组间的Barthel指数进行比较.结果 康复组和对照组分组时、2个月末和6个月时进行Barthel指数评定比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 针对性的社区康复护理干预,能降低脑卒中患者致残率和复发率,减少后遗症,提高生活质量,减轻家庭和社会负担.     

护理干预对提高癫痫患儿生活质量的效果研究

目的 探讨护理干预对癫痫患儿生活质量的影响.方法 采用癫痫儿童生活质量量表(QOLCE)对在本院确诊的80例癫痫儿童及40例同龄健康儿童生活质量进行比较;按患儿家属自愿原则将患儿分成对照组与干预组各40例,对照组在门诊采用常规的抗癫痫治疗,发放健康教育处方;干预组在常规抗癫痫治疗的基础上进行护理干预.在治疗后3月、6月分别再次对2组患儿生活质量进行比较.结果 癫痫儿童与健康儿童生活质量得分分别为(56.4±7.5)分,(78.8±7.2)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);患儿治疗3个月后,对照组与干预组得分分别为(61.5±7.0)分,(64.4±6.8)分,2者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);6月后,对照组与干预组得分分别为(65.6±5.9)分,(73.8±6.3)分,干预组生活质量显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 癫痫儿童生活质量明显低于正常儿童;通过长期的护理干预可以显著改善癫痫患儿的生活质量,提高治疗依从性和治疗效果.     

造影剂肾病的护理干预

随着放射诊断技术和介入治疗的不断发展,造影剂的使用也日益广泛,造影剂肾病的发生率也日趋上升.对造影检查的患者护士实施恰当有效的护理干预,进行充分评估危险因素,严格筛查高危患者;合理选择造影剂及用量;实施水化治疗;做好健康教育及心理护理.能有效降低了CIN的发生率,保证患者的安全.     

心理护理对手术的干预

了解手术患者的心理需求,探讨心理护理对手术患者的影响,寻找减轻手术患者紧张情绪及缩短手术时间的方法.方法:随机将326例手术患者分为对照组和试验组.先用自设的问卷调查了解手术患者的心理需求,然后对照组按常规护理准备,试验组根据手术患者的心理需求,应用信息疗法、认知疗法、松弛疗法及肢体接触疗法等心理护理方法进行心理干预,观察两组手术患者的手术时间、术中出血量、心率、血压变化及手术后24小时内的焦虑得分,分析生物学指标和心理指标.结果:试验组手术时间缩短,心率、血压稳定,术中出血量减少,焦虑分值下降,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）.结论:心理疗法对手术具有缩短手术时间,减轻手术患者的痛苦,减少术中出血的作用,提示应用心理干预对手术患者进行心理护理,为手术患者提供情绪支持,可明显减轻手术患者的痛苦,缩短手术时间,减少术中出血,有利于患者的术后康复.     

老年急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中预见性护理干预对心室颤动的影响

总结了老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者在行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中并发心室颤动的救治及预见性护理干预.包括:高度重视心理护理、密切观察患者病情、电击除颤的护理、准确使用抢救药物等.认为在AMI患者实施急诊PCI术的过程中,护士做好急救药品及除颤设备的准备,开通静脉通路,低血钾患者静脉补钾治疗,加强心理护理、心电监护和救治配合是成功抢救心室颤动的重要因素.     

Tube feeding preferences among nursing home residents

OBJECTIVE: To determine the preferences of nursing home residents regarding the use of tube feedings and to characterize the clinical, functional, and psychosocial factors that are associated with preferences. DESIGN: In-person survey. SETTING: Forty-nine randomly selected nursing homes. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred seventy-nine randomly selected, decisionally capable, nursing home residents. MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-three percent of participants would prefer tube feedings if no longer able to eat because of permanent brain damage. Factors positively associated with preferences for tube feedings include male gender. African-American race, never having discussed treatment preferences with family members or health care providers, never having signed an advance directive, and believing that tube feeding preferences will be respected by the nursing home staff. Twenty-five percent of the participants changed from preferring tube feedings to not preferring tube feedings on learning that physical restraints are sometimes applied during the tube feeding process. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic and social factors are associated with preferences for tube feedings. The provision of information about the potential use of physical restraint altered a proportion of nursing home residents' treatment preferences.     

肛周疾病术后伤口水肿的综合护理干预

目的 探讨肛周疾病手术后伤口水肿的原因及护理.方法 100例肛周疾病术后伤口水肿患者,随机分为干预组与对照组各50例,其中干预组采用综合护理干预措施,而对照组采用一般常规的护理方法,观察及对比2组的临床疗效.结果 采用伤口、心理、饮食、运动等护理干预措施的干预组患者总有效率达94.0%,而采用一般常规护理的对照组患者总有效率为76.0%,2组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对肛周疾病患者术后进行综合护理干预,可有效缓解其伤口疼痛与水肿,获得了较佳的恢复效果,在临床上值得推广应用.     

Utilization of nursing diagnosis according to Nanda's classification for the systematization of nursing care in breast feeding

The present study aimed at describing the reformulated instrument used in the puerperal woman nursing consultation based on the identified diagnoses classification according to the Taxonomy-I reviewed by NANDA, and the identification of the most frequent nursing diagnoses concerning maternal breastfeeding, based on the reformulated instrument. The diagnoses found as being over 50% were: knowledge deficit (100%); sleep pattern disturbance (75%), altered sexuality patterns (75%), ineffective breastfeeding (66.6%) and impaired physical mobility (66.6%).     

Infant feeding practices among nursing personnel in Malaysia

Concerned by the alarming decline in breast feeding in the urban and rural areas of Malaysia, we conducted a critical review of infant feeding practices among nursing personnel from representative centres using questionnaires. It was found that although 75% of mothers breast-fed their babies at birth only 19% did so at 2 months and 5% at 6 months respectively. Chinese mothers initiated breast feeding less frequently compared with Indian or Malay mothers. The prevalence of breast feeding was higher among lower category nurses, lower income groups and those from health centres. Decision for breast feeding was based in most instances on conviction derived from reading, lectures or advice from relatives. The vast majority of mothers listed "work' as the main reason for termination of breast feeding followed by "insufficient breast milk' and satisfactory past experience with bottle feeding. The ramifications of these findings and measures to improve the prevalence and duration of breast feeding are discussed.     

Thermoregulation in newborn lambs: influence of feeding and ambient temperature on brown adipose tissue

We have previously shown that feeding 50 ml of colostrum can increase the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in newborn lambs maintained at a warm (30 degrees C) ambient temperature. This study further examines the effect of ambient temperature on BAT and thermoregulation by investigating the response to feeding 50 ml of water. Immediately after vaginal birth, lambs were placed in either a warm (30 degrees C) or cool (15 degrees C) environment a ambient temperature and measurements of colonic temperature and heat production were recorded for 6 h. Lambs were fed 50 ml of water when 5 h old. The level of guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) binding was higher, but adrenaline content lower in BAT sampled from lambs maintained at 15 degrees C compared with those at 30 degrees C. Feeding was associated with an increase in colonic temperature and plasma concentrations of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids in lambs maintained at 15 degrees C only. In this group plasma concentrations of adrenaline and dopamine declined after feeding, but noradrenaline concentrations were not influenced by feeding in either group of lambs. O2 consumption and CO2 production were higher in lambs maintained at 15 degrees C but were not influenced by ambient temperature or feeding. It is concluded that feeding a small volume of water can influence thermoregulation by a mechanism that is dependent on the ambient temperature at which the lamb is maintained.