100例癌症患者抑郁状况调查及干预

目的 探讨癌症患者住院期间抑郁状况及相关因素,观察临床护士针对抑郁症状进行护理干预的效果.方法 采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)对100例癌症患者进行抑郁状况调查,对具有抑郁症状的癌症患者进行护理干预,观察干预前、后SDS得分变化.结果 100例癌症患者中有抑郁情绪者48例,抑郁发生率48%,与常模相比有显著性差异(p<0.05);女性与男性癌症患者抑郁发生率分别为51.9%、43.8%,具有统计学差异(p<0.05);无职业癌症患者与有职业者抑郁发生率分别为65.8%、37.1%,具有统计学差异(P<0.05);不同文化程度癌症患者抑郁发生率之间无统计学差异(p>0.05);护理干预前后48例抑郁患者的抑郁情况有统计学差异(p<0.05).结论 癌症患者抑郁发生率高于一般患者,并且受性别及有无职业的影响,而文化程度对抑郁发生情况无明显影响;护理干预能改善癌症患者的抑郁情绪,值得推广.     

镇痛泵在产科腹腔镜患者中的应用

目的 分析镇痛泵对产科腹腔镜患者镇痛、镇静及对术后排气的影响.方法 对照组产妇(51例)采用单次肌注哌替啶,实验组产妇(56例)使用PCA泵,对比分析2组患者的镇痛、镇静效果及排气情况、并发症等的差异.结果 实验组镇痛优良率(82.1%)优于对照组(χ2=14.523,p=0.000),其镇静满意率亦高于对照组(χ2=7.464,p=0.006);2组患者排气时间小于48h、大于48h者无统计学差异(χ2=1.366,p=0.242);2组患者在尿潴留、恶心呕吐及皮肤瘙痒等不良反应方面无显著差异,但实验组尿路感染发生率(χ2=5.263,p=0.022)及腰骶部红肿硬块的发生(χ2=4.286,p=0.038)显著高于对照组.结论 镇痛泵能有效控制产科手术患者的疼痛,具有明显的镇静效果,但其尿路感染发生率及腰骶部红肿硬块的发生较高,产科护士应积极做好预防工作.     

协同护理模式对糖尿病患者负性情绪和生活质量的影响

目的 探讨协同护理模式对糖尿病患者负性情绪和生活质量的影响.方法 选择本科自2010年1月1日～2010年10月1日住院治疗的糖尿病患者43例为观察组,在常规护理基础上采用协同护理模式,鼓励患者、家属参与健康护理;自2009年2月1日～2009年12月1日来本科住院治疗的糖尿病患者42例为对照组,对照组实施常规护理,不予其他干预,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对2组患者负性情绪进行评定,并进行对比;应用简明健康调查量表(SF-36)比较2组患者的生活质量.结果 2组患者入院时焦虑、抑郁评分差异无显著性(p>0.05),出院后1个月观察组患者焦虑、抑郁评分显著低于对照组(p<0.05);观察组患者护理干预后生活质量较干预前显著提高(p<0.05),与对照组比较生活质量改善明显(p<0.05).结论 应用协同护理模式可以改善糖尿病患者负性情绪,提高患者的生活质量.     

脑卒中偏瘫患者早期康复护理的临床效果观察

目的 探讨早期康复护理对脑卒中偏瘫患者日常生活自理能力和运动功能的影响.方法 将85例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为观察组43例和对照组42例,2组患者均接受相应药物治疗及常规护理,观察组在此基础上同时采用心理护理、康复训练护理、饮食调护、穴位按摩等系统的护理干预措施.结果 观察组患者经过系统的早期康复护理训练后,日常生活活动能力优于对照组(p<0.01),总有效率达90.70%,而对照组患者总有效率只有57.14%,2组比较,具有显著性差异(χ<'2>=12.470,p<0.01).结论 早期康复护理能促进脑卒中偏瘫患者的康复,提高患者的自理能力和生活质量.     

针对性护理干预对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胃肠功能紊乱的效果观察

目的 探讨针对性护理干预措施对改善腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者胃肠功能紊乱的作用.方法 采用历史对照,7例对照组患者给予常规护理措施,51例干预组患者采用针时性的护理干预措施.评价患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间、首次肛门排气、排便时间及腹部不适主诉发生率.结果 干预组在术后肠鸣音恢复时间及首次肛门排气、排便时间上均较对照组时间有所缩短(p<0.05).干预组腹部不适主诉发生率为21.6%.而对照组腹部不适主诉发生率44.7%(p<0.05).结论 针对性护理干预措施能够进一步改善腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者胃肠功能紊乱的发生.     

祁连圆柏生长特性研究

[目的]为祁连圆柏的抚育改造和管理提供理论依据.[方法]对祁连山寺大隆林区的祁连圆柏林分进行调查,选择标准木进行树干解析,分析祁连圆柏林分的生长过程.[结果]树高、胸径和材积连年生长量达到峰值的时间分别是80、120和 200年.其生长遵循一定规律,自变量树高总生长量与因变量年龄的曲线模型为y=e<'(2 459 8-61.206/χ)>(R<'2>=0.982).胸径总生长量随年龄变化曲线模型为y=e<'(3.329-124.00/χ)>R<'2>=0.946),材积总生长量与年龄的回归方程为y=2.2×10<'-8>χ<'2.770 7>(R<'2>=0.994).[结论]祁连圆柏的生长遵循一定的规律.>     

心理护理干预对无痛分娩患者的态度和行为的影响

目的 探讨心理护理干预对无痛分娩患者的态度和行为的影响.方法 选取无痛分娩患者98例,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组50例,对照组48例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组在此基础上加全程心理护理干预,采用产后抑郁自评量表(SDS),焦虑自评量表(SAS),测评2组患者入院时、心理护理干预后的相关指标,对2组患者负性情绪、治疗依从性以及干预前后态度行为进行比较.结果 观察组患者的焦虑、抑郁评分明显低于时照组(p<0.05);干预后惠者治疗依从性明显提高(p<0.05);干预后态度行为明显改善(p<0.05),具有统计学意义.结论 对实施无痛分娩患者给予心理护理干预,可以改善患者的焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,增加其治疗依从性,有助于促进患者的身心健康.     

住院精神病患者外走行为危险因素分析与护理对策

目的 探讨基层医院住院精神病患者外走行为的相关危险因素,为制定干预提供依据.方法 将49例外走的精神病患者设为研究组,抽取同期住院的无外走行为的49例精神病患者设为对照组.用简明精神病量表(BPRS)评定2组的精神症状.结果 研究组BPRS总分、敌对性、猜疑、幻觉及行为紊乱均高于对照组(p<0.05或p<0.01):研究组医务人员接触不当、强制约束手段及患者不合作、易激越、敌意、既往有外走史等临床特征因素均增高.结论 住院精神病患者的外走行为与患者的敌意猜测、幻觉妄想等精神症状及医务人员的接触不当、强制手段密切相关.针对其原因制定相应的系统护理干预措施及进行有效的健康教育,可以有效降低患者外走行为的发生.     

青少年网络成瘾者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响因素及其心理干预

目的 探讨青少年网络成瘾者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响因素以及心理干预的疗效.方法采用SDS、SAS对48例青少年网络成瘾者的焦虑、抑郁情绪进行评估,使用多元逐步回归分析筛选其影响因素,并实施相应的心理干预.结果 48例青少年网络成瘾者干预前后焦虑症状发生率分别为62.5%、18.8%,抑郁症状发生率为64.6%、20.8%.影响焦虑、抑郁情绪的因素为:个性内向、家庭教养方式不良、学业压力大、人际交往能力差、成瘾后学业影响程度大、自我控制能力低.结论针对青少年网络成瘾者焦虑抑郁影响因素制定个体化心理干预措施,可明显缓解青少年网络成瘾者焦虑、抑郁情绪,促进社会功能恢复.     

直肠癌患者焦虑抑郁心理的护理干预

目的:探讨对直肠癌患者焦虑抑郁状态的护理干预.方法:随机将100例直肠癌患者分成观察组和对照组各50例,对照组实行一般常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上实行护理干预,采用SDS(抑郁自评量表)、SAS(焦虑自评量表)对两组患者进行调查分析.结果:干预后的观察组和未经干预的对照组患者的焦虑抑郁发生率及评分结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:对直肠癌患者实行护理干预能减轻其焦虑抑郁情绪,提高患者生活质量.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.