修饰剂对1,2-丙二醇体系中制备纳米镍的影响

用有机醇液相还原制备不同形貌、粒径的纳米镍,通过X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射和傅里叶红外光谱对其进行了表征。讨论了吐温系列(Tween-20、Tween-40和Tween-80)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)单独或两者复配为修饰剂时,对所制备纳米镍的形貌、粒径及粒径分布的影响。结果表明,Tween-20为修饰剂时易形成粒径较小的以十二面体和三角形薄片为主的规则晶体;Tween-80为修饰剂易形成粒径较大的雪花状晶体;Tween-40和SDS复配易形成粒径较大的十二面体和八面体为主的规则晶体。初步解释了修饰剂的作用机理为静电效应和位阻效应。     

十二烷基硫酸钠模板法制备纳米硒

以十二烷基硫酸钠作为软模板,用抗坏血酸还原亚硒酸制备纳米硒,并对所制得的纳米硒进行了表征,研究了反应条件对产物形貌以及粒径的影响.结果表明,当反应体系中亚硒酸浓度为0.01 mol/L,抗坏血酸浓度为0.07 mol/L,十二烷基硫酸钠质量分数为1.0%时,常温下反应7 min后可得到均匀稳定的球形红色纳米硒颗粒,平均粒径约35nm,制得的纳米硒颗粒经超声波超声后能稳定存在两个月以上.     

脉冲激光轰击法连续制备纳米铜研究

采用脉冲激光轰击法连续制备了纳米铜及表面活性剂原位修饰的油溶性纳米铜,用UV-Vis研究了不同表面活性剂不同浓度对纳米铜／乙醇溶胶的紫外-可见光谱的影响,从而确定各表面活性剂的最佳浓度,用TEM研究了不同表面活性剂对纳米铜溶胶分散稳定性的影响,确定了最佳表面活性剂为平平加O,傅立叶红外光谱发现纳米铜／乙醇溶胶中乙醇分子基团振动波长受纳米铜颗粒的影响而出现红移现象,分散性实验表明：平平加O表面修饰纳米铜具有良好的油溶性。     

纳米碳管和纳米二氧化硅修饰玻碳电极示差脉冲伏安法测微量铜

本文用纳米碳管和纳米二氧化硅修饰的玻碳电极以1mol/LH2SO4为底液测定Cu^2＋,方法是先在-0．5V进行预还原120s,然后用示差脉冲伏安法进行阳极扫描,发现在-0．04V（vs．SCE）处出现铜的氧化峰,且峰电流与Cu^2＋的浓度在5．0×10^-8～1．0×10^-2mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,该方法的检出下限为1．0×10^--8mol/L。用标准加入法测得回收率范围为92．3％～104．2％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．5％。将此电极用于实际样品的测定,取得较好的结果。     

纳米铜的制备方法

本文介绍了纳米铜的主要制备方法,并指出了当前存在的问题,以及发展方向。     

立方形纳米铜的制备研究

采用液相还原法,以氯化铜和葡萄糖为原料制备纳米铜,以十六胺为形貌控制剂来控制纳米铜的形貌为立方形,同时探讨了十六胺用量对于纳米铜形貌的影响。结果表明,立方体纳米铜的制备条件为：反应液总体积250 m L,反应时间12 h,最佳HDA用量为17.5 mg/mL～17.6 mg/mL;制备所得的立方形纳米铜纯度高、无杂质,且具有良好的分散性;立方体形貌的均一性有待进一步优化。     

金属纳米铜制备技术

本文回顾了金属纳米材料研究发展的历史概况,介绍了金属纳米材料制备研究的现状,综述了使用物理法制备金属纳米铜的制备方法,并展望了纳米材料研究的发展动向。     

植物还原法制备铜纳米颗粒的研究

研究了银杏叶提取液还原Cu2+成单质铜的过程,反应后溶液表面出现含单质铜的膜状漂浮物,采用透射电镜(TEM)和电子能谱(EDS)对漂浮物进行了表征,采用EDTA滴定法对反应液中的Cu2+进行了定量分析,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱对银杏叶提取液反应后的沉淀物进行了分析。结果表明,反应漂浮物中含有单质铜,单质铜为多晶颗粒,其平均粒径约2.45nm,粒径分布窄,分散性好;提取液中参加反应的物质为还原糖及黄酮类物质等。     

制备表面修饰油酸的CeO2纳米粒子

以具有不饱和双键的油酸为表面活性剂,对水溶胶中的CeO2纳米粒子进行表面修饰.TEM分析表明,经表面修饰的CeO2纳米粒子基本呈球形,粒径约为3 nm,分布均匀,并且表面包覆油酸的CeO2纳米粒子易溶于弱极性溶剂,不易溶于极性溶剂.     

硫醇修饰铜纳米流体辐射与导热特性研究

为了研究Cu纳米流体光学及热物理性质,采用两步法制备十二烷基硫醇表面修饰的Cu-甲苯纳米流体,分析其在不同条件下的辐射与导热特性.结果 表明:对Cu纳米颗粒进行表面处理和超声分散都能有效改善纳米流体稳定性,超声分散3h时纳米流体稳定性最佳;Cu-甲苯纳米流体的辐射特性与导热特性相较于基液有明显提高,体积分数为0.3％的...     

十二烷基硫酸钠/聚乳酸复合材料性能研究

主要研究了聚乳酸（PLA）与十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）复合材料的制备,以及SDS/PLA复合材料亲水性和降解过程当中pH值的改变程度。采用溶解成膜法制备SDS/PLA复合材料。主要考察了在PLA中加入SDS后形成复合材料后对其亲水性的影响,结果表明,当加入适量的SDS能比较明显地改变其亲水性,让复合材料亲水性提高。对SDS/PLA复合材料进行了降解测试,通过对三种降解体系比较,结果表明,添加了SDS之后的复合材料能够较好地保持聚乳酸原有的力学性能,添加了适量的SDS能够较好地中和聚乳酸降解过程所产生的乳酸,从而使降解体系的pH值保持相对稳定。     

罗丹明B与十二烷基硫酸钠胶团的相互作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了罗丹明B与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)胶团的相互作用以及无机盐的影响。结果表明,罗丹明B作为探针分子可以用来测定表面活性剂SDS在水溶液中的临界胶团浓度。两者之间的相互作用可用缔合常数Ka定量表示,体系中Ka值随着无机盐浓度的增大而增大,表明罗丹明B与SDS胶团的相互作用增大。     

活性炭种类对十二烷基硫酸钠吸附容量的影响

利用亚甲蓝分光光度分析法测定典型市售煤基和木质活性炭对溶液中十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的液相吸附等温线,确定活性炭对SDS的吸附容量;采用气体吸附仪表征活性炭的孔结构和比表面积,检测了活性炭样品的碘值及亚甲蓝值;最后关联活性炭吸附性能指标、比表面积与SDS吸附容量之间的关系.结果表明:以长焰煤、无烟煤、褐煤及椰壳为原料制...     

The Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) on the Properties of ZnO Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method

ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal method using different molar ratios of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as structure directing agents. The effect of surfactants on the morphology of the ZnO crystals was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The results indicate that the mixture of cationic-anionic surfactants can significantly modify the shape and size of ZnO particles. Various structures such as flakes, sheets, rods, spheres, flowers and triangular-like particles sized from micro to nano were obtained. In order to examine the possible changes in other properties of ZnO, characterizations like powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), FTIR, surface area and porosity and UV-visible spectroscopy analysis were also studied and discussed.     

十二烷基硫酸钠对非离子表面活性剂CM101浊点的影响

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对非离子表面活性剂CM101浊点的影响。结果表明:当SDS加入量为2%时,CM101的浊点提高到59.6℃,达到农药制剂热稳定性的要求。同时,该混合体系满足非理想二元表面活性剂复配增效的条件,表面张力和临界胶束浓度都有明显降低。     

磺酸型双子表面活性剂与十二烷基硫酸钠的复配研究

通过微波方法合成了乙二醇双琥珀酸2-乙基己酯磺酸钠(Gemini-7),研究了其与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配体系的稳定性、表面张力、泡沫性能、乳化性能、增溶性能等。结果表明,Gemini-7与SDS有很好的复配性,在SDS溶液中加入少量的Gemini-7后表面张力比单一组分的表面张力低。SDS/Gemini-7体系的泡沫性能、乳化性能和增溶性能与SDS单一体系相比都有显著的提高。因此在含有SDS的产品中加入少量的Gemini-7,可提高其使用效率。     

十二烷基硫酸钠与铝盐絮凝特征研究

为了更好地去除水体中残留的表面活性剂,选用十二烷基硫酸钠为研究对象,在298．15K时,对临界胶束浓度之上和CMC之下的SDS溶液与典型无机絮凝剂（AlCl3）的絮凝行为进行了实验和理论方面的研究。结果表明：在SDS／AlCl3絮凝体系中,0．01mol／LSDS和0．001mol／LSDS与铝盐达到最佳絮凝时,Al^3＋与SDS的摩尔比（记为CAl／BSDS）分别约为0．5和1．0。最佳絮凝时,体系Zeta电位接近零点,表面张力降到最小,pH值均在4．0以下,电导率随CAl／BSDS呈线性增大变化。在0．01mol／LSDS与Al“絮凝体系中,当凝聚摩尔比G化赫约为21．6时,絮凝体完全消失并不再浑浊,而在0．001mol／LSDS与Al^3＋絮凝体系中观察不到絮凝体完全消失的现象。     

Phase Behavior of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-n-Butanol-Kerosene-Water Microemulsion System

Experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of cation from electrolytes and acidity/alkalinity on the phase behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate-n-butanol-organics-water （with electrolytes） microemulsion sys-tem. The organics used is commercial kerosene. The volume ratio of water to organics is 1︰1. The results show that the type and valence of electrolyte cations are important factors influencing the microemulsion behavior. Biva-lent Ca2＋is more effective than monovalent K＋and Na＋for the formation of Winsor type III and II microemulsion. For electrolytes with the same monovalent cation Na＋, i.e. NaCl and Na2CO3, anions in the electrolyte have some effect. Bivalent anion 23CO - leads to a lower activity of cation Na＋than monovalent anion Cl-. NaOH （or KOH） behaves similar with NaCl （or KCl）. When HCl is used as electrolyte, its acidity plays an important role. Phase in-version of microemulsion from type III （or II） to type I is observed through precipitation of Ca2＋using Na2CO3, neutralization of HCl by NaOH, and addition of water to the system, which releases the oil from the microemulsion.     

分子动力学模拟研究盐离子对十二烷基硫酸钠胶束溶液中亲水亲油协调机制的影响

The presence of salt has a profound effect on the size, shape and structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. There have been a great number of experiments on SDS micelles in the presence and absence of salt to study this complex problem. Unfortunately, it is not clear yet how electrolyte ions influence the structure of micelles. By describing the compromise between dominant mechanisms, a simplified atomic model of SDS in presence of salt has been developed and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of two series of systems with different concentrations of salt and charges of ion have been performed. Polydispersity of micelle size is founded at relatively high concentration of SDS and low charge of cation. Although the counter-ion pairs with head groups are formed, the transition of micelle shape is not observed because the charge of cation is not enough to neutralize the polar of micelle surface.     

Effect of Surfactant Impregnation into Chitosan Hydrogel Beads Formed by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Gelation for the Removal of Congo Red

The effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and triton X-100 (TX100) impregnation into chitosan hydrogel beads formed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gelation (CSB) was investigated for the adsorption of Congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. An impregnation of CTAB at 0.1 wt% into CSB increased adsorption from 97.46 mg/g to 113.24 mg/g, while 0.5 wt% TX100 impregnation into CSB registered a very small increase from 112.56 mg/g to 115.64 mg/g. CSB/CTAB exhibited similar adsorption at all pH levels (4-9 Gupta , V.K. ; Suhas , X. ( 2009 ) Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal–A review . J. Environ. Manage. , 90 ( 8 ): 2313 . Blackburn , R.S. ( 2004 ) Natural polysaccharides and their interactions with dye molecules: Applications in effluent treatment . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38 ( 18 ): 4905 . Guibal , E. ( 2004 ) Interactions of metal ions with chitosan-based sorbents: A review . Sep. Purif. Technol. , 38 ( 1 ): 43 . No , H.K. ; Kim , S.D. ( 2006 ) Growth of soybean sprouts affected by chitosans prepared under various deproteinization and demineralization times . J. Sci. Food Agr. , 86 ( 9 ): 1365 . Ueno , H. ; Mori , T. ; Fujinaga , T. ( 2001 ) Topical formulations and wound healing applications of chitosan . Adv. Drug Deliver Rev. , 52 ( 2 ): 105 . Chatterjee , S. ; Lee , D.S. ; Lee , M.W. ; Woo , S.H. ( 2009 ) Enhanced adsorption of congo red from aqueous solutions by chitosan hydrogel beads impregnated with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide . Bioresource Technol. , 100 ( 11 ): 2803 . ), but CSB and CSB/TX100 showed lower adsorption at higher pH values. The Sips isotherm model was the best fit for all bead varieties, and the Sips maximum adsorption capacity value of CSB/CTAB (271.74 mg/g) was higher than that for CSB/TX100 (242.72 mg/g) or CSB without surfactant impregnation (174.83 mg/g). The experimental kinetic values of all varieties of beads for CR adsorption followed a pseudo-first-order rate model better than a pseudo-second-order rate model.