0.95(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.05Li(Nb0.5Sb0.5)O3无铅压电陶瓷的显微结构分析与电学性能

采用传统固相反应合成法制备0.95(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.05Li(Nb0.5Sb0.5)O3基无铅压电陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对0.95(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.05Li(Nb0.5Sb0.5)O3陶瓷相结构、显微组织和压电介电性能的影响。结果表明,在960~1060℃的温度区间内,所得到的一系列烧结样品在室温下均为纯的钙钛矿型结构,未观察到第二相出现;随着烧结温度的升高,晶粒的平均尺寸显示出先增大后减小的趋势,在1020℃时晶粒的平均粒径达到最大值3.5μm。电学性能分析表明,烧结温度为1020℃时,该体系陶瓷压电介电性能达到最优值:d33=245pC/N,kp=0.42,tanδ=0.03,ε3T3/ε0=640,Ec=2.1kV/mm,Pr=20μC/cm2。     

烧结温度对0.9PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3-0.1NaNbO3压电陶瓷结构及电学性能的影响

采用传统固相烧结法制备了钠过量的0.9PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3-0.1NaNbO3(PZT-NN)压电陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对PZT-NN陶瓷晶体结构及其电学性能的影响。XRD结果表明,不同温度烧结的PZT-NN陶瓷均为单一钙钛矿结构,在1125~1150℃温区烧结时,陶瓷发生了由四方相向正交相的相变。随烧结温度进一步升高,压电常数d33、介电常数εr以及剩余极化强度Pr均呈递减趋势,烧结温度为1125℃的PZT-NN陶瓷具有较好的电学性能:d33=218pC/N,εr=851,tanδ=0.02。PZT-NN陶瓷的相对密度随烧结温度的升高而增大,在1150℃时达到95%,钠过量的NaNbO3加入使PZT陶瓷的致密化烧结温度降低了50~150℃。     

微波LTCC环行器用热压烧结SrFe12O19铁氧体的低温烧结特性

为了与低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）技术兼容,本文采用热压烧结工艺在870 °C制备了添加不同Bi2O3含量的SrFe12O19铁氧体材料,着重研究了材料的晶相组成、烧结密度、气孔率和磁性能等低温烧结特性。研究结果表明,材料在870 °C烧结时,Bi2O3的添加促进了SrFe12O19晶相结构的形成,提高了材料的烧结致密度和磁性能。当Bi2O3的添加量为2～4 wt %,材料可以获得致密的结构,烧结密度达到4.65 g?cm-3以上,气孔率低于10%,材料的饱和磁化强度Ms和内禀矫顽力Hci较高,分别达到252.4 kA?m-1和312.9 kA?m-1以上。此外,基于SrFe12O19材料的低温烧结特性讨论了该材料在微波LTCC环行器当中的应用。     

Effects of molybdenum on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets with low Ni

The effects of Mo on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets with low Ni have been studied systematically. Different contents of Mo （4-12 wt.%） were added into Tl（C,N）-based cermets. Specimens were fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy and vacuum sintered at temperatures of 1440, 1450, and 1460℃ individually. The microstructure and fracture morphology were investigated by scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical properties such as transverse strength and hardness were measured. The results show that the microstructure is uniform and the thickness of rim phase is moderate when the content of Mo is 8 wt.%; the mechanical properties of the specimens sintered at 1450℃ are better than those sintered at 1440 and 1460℃. The integrated properties of transverse strength and hardness are the best when the content of Mo is 8 wt.% and the sintering temperature is 1450℃.     

添加微量Y_2O_3对WC-8%Ni合金微观组织与性能的影响

采用冷等静压与真空烧结工艺制备硬质合金试样,利用排水法、SEM、EDS、三点弯曲法等研究了添加微量Y2O3对WC-8%Ni合金微观组织与性能的影响。结果表明,添加微量Y2O3可以降低WC-8%Ni合金的烧结温度及孔隙度,WC-8%Ni合金的真空烧结温度在1510℃左右,而WC-8%Ni-Y2O3的真空烧结温度为1480℃左右;添加的Y2O3弥散分布于粘结相,起到弥散强化的作用,提高了合金的抗弯强度。     

放电等离子烧结制备Ti-4.3Fe-7.1Cr-3Al合金

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备了一种低成本车用钛合金(Ti-4.3Fe-7.1Cr-3Al),研究烧结温度对其晶粒尺寸、孔隙率、显微组织、成分均匀性、相结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在1100和1300℃两种烧结温度下,其显微组织基本由针状α相和β基体相组成,其间分布着条状或颗粒状TiC。随着烧结温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,孔隙率逐渐减小,TiC析出密度逐渐增多,针状α相逐渐减少,并且由1100℃的不均匀分布逐渐转变为1300℃的均匀分布。电子探针分析表明,1100℃时成分均匀性差,出现了Cr和Al元素的偏析,而1300℃时基本无偏析。XRD分析和纳米力学探针测量显示,添加的合金元素使β相的晶格参数减小以及细小第二相析出,弹性模量增大。     

Li2CO3掺杂BaTiO3无铅压电陶瓷的低温烧结

以Li2CO3作为烧结助剂,采用传统固相烧结法制备BaTiO3陶瓷。研究了烧结温度(1000~1150℃)和Li2CO3添加质量分数(0%~5%)对BaTiO3陶瓷结构和电学性能的影响。结果表明:Li2CO3的掺入有效地促进了陶瓷的烧结,使BaTiO3的烧结温度从1300℃以上降低到1050℃。X射线衍射结果表明:未掺Li2CO3的BaTiO3陶瓷样品为四方相结构,掺Li2CO3的BaTiO3陶瓷样品为正交相结构。Li2CO3掺量为1%的陶瓷样品具有较高的致密度,且在1050℃时获得最大值,其相对密度可达94%。当烧结温度为1100℃时,BaTiO3陶瓷的压电常数d33获得最大值,且d33随着Li2CO3掺量的增加而降低。其中Li2CO3掺量为1%时陶瓷具有较好的电性能:d33=200pC/N,εr=1322,TC=115℃。     

制备条件对NiZn铁氧体纳米晶材料磁性能的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石结构的Ni1-xZnxFe2O4铁氧体纳米粉体材料,同时系统研究Ni/Zn比、溶液pH值以及煅烧温度对制备的Ni1-xZnxFe2O4铁氧体纳米材料微结构及磁性能影响。结果表明,随着Ni含量的增加,生成物中未反应的氧化铁不断增多。当x=0.3时,NiZn铁氧体的饱和磁化强度(Ms)最大。但随着温度的增加,氧化铁的含量减少,NiZn铁氧体的生成量增加。同时发现溶液pH值对Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4铁氧体微结构及性能影响较大,当溶液的pH=5时,Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4纳米材料的Ms最大。实验得到了NiZn铁氧体的最佳制备条件:Ni/Zn比为0.7/0.3,溶液pH值为5,最佳烧结温度为900℃。     

添加Li2O-MgO-B2O3玻璃的Li2MgTi3O8陶瓷的微波介电性能及其与Ag共烧相容性

研究添加Li2O-MgO-B2O3玻璃对Li2MgTi3O8陶瓷的烧结特性、相纯度、微观组织和微波介电性能的影响。结果表明：添加少量的玻璃能有效地将陶瓷的烧结温度从1025℃降低到875℃,且没有恶化陶瓷的微波介电性能。添加1.5%玻璃的陶瓷在875℃烧结4 h后具有优良的微波介电性能能,其介电常数εr=25.9,品质因数Q×f=45403 GHz,谐振频率温度系数τf≈0。陶瓷和Ag电极共烧几乎不发生化学反应,表现为良好的化学相容性。所制备的陶瓷可望用于低温烧结的多层微波器件。     

Microstructure and electrical properties of Ti-modified (Na0.5K0.5)(TiχNb1-χ)O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Ti-Modified (Na0.5K0.5)(TixNb1-x)O3 (NKNT) piezoelectric ceramics were fabricated by double-layer buffed powder process at 1020℃ for 2 h. The microstructures, and piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the lead-free NKNT ceramics were investigated. X-ray diffraction re-suits indicated that Ti4+ had diffused into the (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 lattices to form a solid solution with a perovskite structure. The introducing of Ti into the (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 solid solution effectively reduced the sintering temperature and densified the microstructure with a decreased grain size. The highest relative density reached more than 90%. The highest piezoelectric dielectric coefficient d33 and planar mode electro mechanical coupling coefficient kp were 110 pC/N and 19.5%, which were obtained in the NKNT ceramic with 1 mol% Ti. The piezoelectric properties of the NKNT ceramics were enhanced by aging in air for a period of time owing to the compensation of oxygen vacancies.     

Microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of ZnO-B2O3 added （Ca0.254Li0.19Sm0.14）TiO3 ceramics

The effects of ZnO-B2O3 (ZB2) on the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of (Ca0.254Li0.19Sm0.14)TiO3 ceramics were investigated.The densities of the specimens reached the maximum value by adding 3 wt.% ZB2 and then decreased.The sintering temperature of the specimens was lowered from 1300 to 1100°C without degradation of the microwave dielectric properties.The (Ca0.254Li0.19Sm0.14)TiO3 + 3 wt.% ZB2 sintered at 1100°C for 3 h showed good microwave dielectric properties,εr = 108.2,Qf = 6545 GHz,and τf = 6.5 ppm/°C,respectively,indicating that ZB2 was an effective sintering aid to improve the densification and microwave dielectric properties of (Ca0.254Li0.19Sm0.14)TiO3 ceramics.     

热压烧结温度对两种金属陶瓷组织性能的影响

金属陶瓷材料具有高硬度、高热稳定性和高耐磨性,提高金属陶瓷材料断裂强度和断裂韧性具有重要应用意义。本文采用粉末冶金热压烧结方法制备了Al2O3+Ti(C,N)和Al2O3+WC两种金属陶瓷材料。通过单边切口梁(SENB)法和三点弯曲等力学性能测试方法探讨了热压温度对两种金属陶瓷材料的力学性能的影响,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了物相组成和断口显微结构。实验结果表明:Al2O3+Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷随着烧结温度的升高,力学性能升高。而Al2O3+WC金属陶瓷随着烧结温度的升高,力学性能下降,在1400℃、10MPa烧结保温15min下力学性能较好。Al2O3+WC金属陶瓷900℃热压缩断裂强度比1000℃热压缩断裂强度高。     

Co_2O_3掺杂对铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备了K_0.5Na_0.5NbO_3+xCo_2O_3(0≤x≤1%)无铅压电陶瓷,使用XRD、SEM、 Agilent 4294A精密阻抗分析仪等对该体系的相组成、显微结构、压电及介电等性能进行表征.结果表明:Co_2O_3的掺入并没有改变K_0.5Na_0.5NbO_3的晶体结构,该陶瓷材料仍然为正交相钙钛矿结构;Co_2O_3的掺入使材料的晶粒尺寸明显增大,但当x=1%时,晶粒尺寸减小,说明过多的Co_2O_3有抑制晶粒长大的作用;Co_2O_3的掺入使200 ℃附近的正交→四方铁电相变温度TO-T向低温方向移动,居里温度TC向高温方向移动,同时材料的压电常数d_(33)、机电耦合系数k_p均随之先增大后减小,机械品质因数Qm整体增大,1 kHz频率下的介电常数ε_r和介电损耗tanδ降低,密度显著增大.当x=0.5%时,陶瓷性能最佳:d_(33)=103 pC/N,k_p=0.362, tanδ=1.8%,ε_r=234,Qm=182,ρ=4.29 g/cm~3.     

Bi掺杂对Ba_(6-3x)La_(8+2x)(Ti_(0.95)Zr_(0.05))_(18)O_(54)(x=2/3)陶瓷的烧结性能和介电性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备Ba6-3x(La1-mBim)8+2x(Ti0.95Zr0.05)18O54(x=2/3)微波介质陶瓷,研究Bi掺杂对Ba6-3xLa8+2x(Ti0.95Zr0.05)18O54(x=2/3)陶瓷的烧结性能、微观结构以及介电性能的影响。结果表明:当0m0.4时,Bi3+取代A1位的La3+生成单相类钨青铜型固溶体;当Bi3+的掺杂量超过这个范围时,La0.176Bi0.824O1.5作为第二相出现在固溶体中;Bi3+的掺入使Ba6-3xLa8+2x(Ti0.95Zr0.05)18O54(x=2/3)陶瓷的烧结温度从1400℃降低到1300℃,同时,其介电常数大幅度提高,谐振频率温度系数减小,但品质因数急剧减小;当m=0.05时,1350℃下保温2h烧结获得的陶瓷具有微波介电性能,εr=88.63,Q·f=4395GHz,τf=6.25×10-6/℃。     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of low-temperature sintered lead zirconate titanate ceramics with 0.78PbO-0.22CuO flux addition

Liquid phase sintering of lead zirconate titanate (abbreviated as PZT) ceramics with a 0.78 PbO-0.22 CuO (10:1 in weight ratio) flux was investigated. A small amount sintering flux consisting of a stoichiometrically mixed oxide of PbO-CuO with a eutectic composition successfully accelerated densification of the PZT ceramics far below the conventional sintering temperature. With the 3 wt% flux additions, full densifications of the PZT ceramics were achieved at temperatures as low as 825 °C. The results obtained in the crystal structure, microstructure, and electrical property analyses suggest that the Cu²⁺ impurity ion substitutes as an acceptor center for the perovskite B-site without forming isolated secondary phases. Defect associates of the Cu²⁺ impurities and charge compensating oxygen vacancies appear to affect dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the sintered PZT samples in both positive and negative ways by forming defect dipoles. When the Cu²⁺ content is small, slightly improved dielectric and piezoelectric performances were achieved, though ferroelectric relaxation was obviously developed at the higher Cu²⁺ contents. For the PZT samples sintered at 825 °C with 3 wt% flux addition, relative dielectric permittivity was 2200 and dielectric loss was less than 2%. Remnant polarization, coercive fields, and piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) were 32 μC/cm², 8.9 kV/cm and 373 pC/N, respectively.     

添加化合物组元对Al_2O_3致密体机械性能的影响

研究了添加Si3N4和Cr2O3对热压Al2O3烧结体机械性能的影响。结果表明：添加5wt％Si3N4,经1600℃压力200kg／cm2,热压时间20分钟（N2气保护）,可使得其室温抗弯强度达65kg／mm2,比纯Al2O3的抗弯强度提高了160％;而添加3wt％Cr2O3,则降低Al2O3的抗弯强度达20％;同时添加Cr2O3和Si3N4时,抗弯强度居两者之间,且Cr2O3加入量越多,其抗弯强度越低。     

Effect of MnO doping on the structure, microstructure and electrical properties of the (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O3 lead-free piezoceramics

Mn²⁺-doped (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O₃ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been prepared by a conventional sintering technique. The effects of Mn²⁺ doping on the phase structure, microstructure and ferro-piezoelectric properties of the ceramics have been evaluated. MnO doping modifies the (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O₃ structure, giving rise to the appearance of a TTB-like secondary phase and to changes on the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition temperature. The modification of this temperature induces a reduction of the piezoelectric constants, which is accompanied by an increase on the mechanical quality factor. Mn²⁺ ions incorporate into the perovskite structure in different off ways depending on their concentration.     

Sm2Zr2O7-ZrB2/SiC复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

运用共沉淀法制备Sm2Zr2O7原料粉末,利用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备锆酸钐质量分数分别为25%、50%、75%的Sm2Zr2O7-ZrB2/SiC复合材料,对材料进行相成分、微观形貌、力学性能测试表征。结果表明,采用SPS在1600℃下可制备出高致密度的Sm2Zr2O7-ZrB2/SiC三相复合材料。随着复合材料中Sm2Zr2O7含量的增加力学性能显著降低,主要是Sm2Zr2O7材料本身的力学性能较低,且烧结过程中易形成连续相以及烧结应力共同作用的结果。     

热压烧结制备Al2O3/TiCN-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的组织与性能

采用真空热压烧结方法制备Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷基复合材料,采用X射线衍射与扫描电镜分析材料的物相组成和显微结构,研究烧结工艺对材料物相组成、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ni和Ti的添加显著提高复合材料的强度和韧性;温度小于1 600℃时,复合材料的力学性能随热压温度的升高而升高;温度高于1 600℃时,温度升高及保温时间延长不仅会导致Al2O3晶粒的异常长大和Ti(C,N)的分解,而且会使Ni发生聚集现象,复合材料的力学性能下降;当烧结温度为1 600℃、保温时间为30 min时,制备的Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的力学性能最佳,其相对密度达到99.4%,抗弯强度为820 MPa,断裂韧性达到9.3 MPa.m1/2。     

Ca0.075Sr0.925Bi4Ti4O15铁电陶瓷的性能

用溶胶凝胶法制备了Ca0.075Sr0.925Bi4Ti4O15(简称CSBTi)铁电陶瓷样品,研究了烧结温度对CSBTi铁电陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明:1180℃温度下烧结的CSBTi铁电陶瓷样品的铁电性能得到明显改善,剩余极化强度2Pr为19.4μC/cm2,矫顽场强度Ec为72.5kV/cm;压电常数为d33=9.8pC/N;居里温度TC=543℃,随着测试频率的增加,室温下相对介电常数εr的峰值逐渐下降,而对应的居里温度TC则随之上升,表现出弛豫铁电体的特征。