钢锭零能少氧化均热轧制的研究

一、前言 钢铁企业产品潜热与显热损失一直是企业能源支出的重要方面。鞍钢的产品潜热与显热损失为各项非有效能耗之首,占38％,相当每年消耗约168万吨标准煤。因此减少产品的潜热与显热损失(主要是铁水、热焦、钢锭、钢坯等)是钢铁企业增产节能的重要途径。     

硅锰弹簧钢少氧化加热的分析与模拟计算

分析了少氧化加热的供热特点及燃烧条件。通过燃烧模拟计算,分析了空气消耗系数对炉内气氛ＣＯ／ＣＯ２、Ｈ２／Ｈ２Ｏ的影响及实现少氧化加热的条件;通过少氧化加热炉内热过程模拟,得出了硅锰弹簧钢少氧化加热的升温曲线     

钢锭系统热送热装热过程数学模型的研究

在全面系统分析了某公司钢锭热送热装系统热过程传热机理的基础上,建立了钢锭冷却、加热过程二维传热数学模型。并采用交替隐式TDMA法对所建立的数学模型进行了数值求解。利用现场的实测数据对所建立的数学模型进行了对比分析计算,模型计算值和实测值的最大相对误差仅为2．46％,完全满足工程应用的要求,证明所建模型是正确可信的,可以作为计算机在线控制的理论基础。     

钢锭系统热送热装热过程一维在线控制数学模型的研究

为了适应计算机在线控制的要求,利用“改进型田中功法”将“无限长二维矩型数学模型”转化为“无限长圆简一维数学模型”,建立了“钢锭系统热送热装热过程一维在线控制数学模型”。结果表明：对宝钢目前的钢锭热送热装系统而言,一维和二维数学模型计算结果的最大绝对误差为27℃、最大相对误差为2．30％,完全能够满足计算机在线控制系统对数学模型计算精度和速度的要求。所做工作对即将投运的“宝钢钢锭系统热送热装热过程计算机优化控制系统”具有重要的指导意义。     

热管式均热平板的研究与应用

本文描述了热管技术在均热平析牟温度场控制中的应用，利用数值计算方法均热平析有效工作表面的温度进行了传热计算，得到了均热平板有效工作表面内的最大温差随平板工作温度、平板厚度方向上的圆孔直径和孔间距等影响因素的变化关系，为实际应用提供了可靠的理论依据。     

加热炉降低氧化烧损的实验研究

以某加热炉为研究对象,研究加热炉加热制度、炉内加热气氛对钢坯氧化烧损的影响,并依据实验结果对水钢加热炉加热制度进行合理优化,达到减少钢坯氧化烧损,降低生产成本的目的。通过本研究,加热炉钢坯氧化烧损得到了明显的控制。     

碱金属对汞均相氧化影响的化学动力学耦合流体动力学数值模拟

针对生物质中氯、碱金属含量高的特点,在生物质与煤混燃的情况下,建立Hg/C/H/O/N/S/Cl/K/Na模型,结合化学动力学计算及敏感性分析,并运用Chemkin 4.1和Fluent 6.3软件实现化学动力学与流体动力学耦合,来模拟不同Cl2体积分数下汞的均相氧化,并探讨了生物质中的碱金属对汞均相氧化的影响.结果表明:Hg的氧化活性受到温度的限制,Hg的氧化主要发生在800K左右的温度区域,此时Hg的氯化活性是最强的,但此时K的氯化活性最弱,促进了HgCl2的生成;在有碱金属存在的情况下,碱金属与Cl2的反应对Hg氧化有抑制作用,但碱金属与SO2的反应对Hg氧化有促进作用.     

超临界水氧化技术处理2-萘酚废水的研究

2-萘酚是严重污染环境和危害人体健康的有害物质,目前采用传统废水处理方法,很难将其彻底去除.超临界水氧化技术是一种新兴废水处理技术,能够对许多传统方法难以去除的有机废水进行有效处理.对含2-萘酚废水的超临界水氧化降解进行了研究,主要讨论了温度、压力、停留时间等因素对反应的影响,2-萘酚的降解率随着这3个因素的升高而升高...     

地板辐射式供暖的能耗分析

依据辐射供热室内辐射与对流综合作用的传热规律,计算和分析了地板辐射式采暖房间能耗的构成及影响因素,给出在相同舒适度条件下,几种常见的围护结构地板辐射式供暖房间的能耗随地表面加热温度的变化关系,并与相应的对流式采暧进行了对比。     

轧钢加热炉能耗分析

本文分析了我国轧钢加热炉的能耗状况,指出了我国轧钢加热炉中存在的问题,着重阐述了我国轧钢加热炉的节能措施。这些措施主要有:采用先进工艺;对加热炉进行技术改造和采用节能型加热炉;加强节能管理等。     

Energy consumption in greenhouses and selection of an optimized heating system with minimum energy consumption

In this paper, heat loss is precisely computed by a proposed code considering different climates. Estimating the costs of different central heating system, unit heaters were selected as the most feasible system. Finally, considering the heating capacity and unit heater's dimensions a computational fluid dynamics model was developed to find the optimized configuration of unit heaters in a typical greenhouse. Using this model, the required thermal load for a greenhouse based on the daily temperature of Arak city in 2017 was computed with a smart control system. It was found that savings in energy consumption were approximately 5447 m³ of natural gas each year.     

单户式供暖与热水供应共用系统的研究

分析现有的供暖和热水供应系统出现的问题；提出一种可以实现热计量和热调控、同时供暖和供应热水的新型供热系统型式，对其进行结构设计，并阐述其主要功能和特点。     

Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

This paper investigated the variation of building heating energy consumption caused by global warming in Tianjin, China. Based on the hourly historical and monthly projected future (B1/A1B emissions scenarios) meteorological data, the variation of those relevant meteorological parameters was first analyzed. A TRNSYS simulation model for a reference building was introduced to investigate historical variation of office building energy consumption. The results showed that the 10-year-average heating energy consumption of 2001–2010 had reduced by 16.1% compared to that of 1961–1970. By conducting principal component analysis and regression analysis, future variation of building heating load was studied. For B1/A1B emissions scenarios, the multi-year-average heating load was found to decrease by 9.7% (18.1%)/10.2% (22.7%) compared to that of 1971–2010 by 2011–2050 (2051–2100).     

Research of two-phase density wave instability in reactor core channels with rolling motion

In this study, two-phase density wave instability in parallel-twin rectangular channels was investigated with axially nonuniform heat profiles in the reactor core combined with static and rolling conditions. A parallel-channel thermal-hydraulic model was built using the method of two-phase homogeneous flow developed in previous work, while the drift-flux approach for void fraction and profile-fit model for subcooled boiling were implemented. Although the rolling condition was chosen as the typical motion in this work, the additional force caused by the motion with six degrees of freedom was derived. The theoretical analysis was performed based on the method of small power perturbation for parallel-twin rectangular channels. The flow oscillation caused by rolling was studied for different system parameters, including inlet resistance, exit resistance, pressure, and axial heating profile. The influence on flow instability of rolling parameters such as period, amplitude, and distance between channels was analyzed. The results showed that it would destabilize the system if a larger additional force was generated by rolling parameters. The influence of different axial heat profiles on flow instability was also studied under inlet-peaked, cosine-shape, and outlet-peaked heat fluxes. The coupling effect of rolling motion and axial nonuniform heating was finally studied. The stability boundaries under different conditions were compared to the inherent boundary under the static condition with uniform heating. The results indicated that the influence of nonuniform heating was more evident and should be paid more attention to.     

Mode selection of China's urban heating and its potential for reducing energy consumption and CO2 emission

China's carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission ranks the highest in the world. CO₂ emission from urban central heating, which has an average annual growth rate of 10.3%, is responsible for 4.4% of China's total CO₂ emission. The current policy for improving urban central heating focuses on replacing coal with natural gas. This paper analyzes the existing situation and problems pertaining to urban heating, and evaluates the potential for reducing energy consumption and CO₂ emission by heat pump heating. The results show that the current policy of replacing coal with natural gas for urban central heating decreases energy consumption and CO₂ emission by 16.6% and 63.5%, respectively. On the other hand, replacing coal-based urban central heating with heat pump heating is capable of decreasing energy consumption and CO₂ emission by 57.6% and 81.4%, respectively. Replacing both urban central and decentralized heating with heat pump heating can lead to 67.7% and 85.8% reduction in energy consumption and CO₂ emission, respectively. The decreases in CO₂ emission will account for 24.5% of China's target to reduce total CO₂ emission by 2020.     

中频感应熔炼炉的节能设计

对中频感应炉的节能设计进行了研究。并指出了节能设计的方向，这将十分有益于中频感应熔炼炉的设计、操作和提高其经济效益。     

减少钢坯烧损、优化加热工艺的研究

针对包钢高速线材生产工艺加热炉中的钢坯加热温度,加热时间,加热制度,氧化烧损等问题进行了分析。重点对科研课题进行攻关,提出了新颖的高线加热生产的先进操作法。对试验进行测定对比,在优化加热工艺研究后,钢坯氧化烧损、燃耗、产量等取得了成果和显著经济效益。     

电动汽车的能耗效率分析及提高能耗经济性的研究

通过对比电动汽车和内燃机汽油车的热效率及能耗,得出电动汽车的热效率及能耗明显优于内燃机汽油车的结论,并推断出降低电动汽车的运行能耗、提高其经济性是推动电动汽车产业化的关键因素之一。从整车动力系统、电池以及充电设备等几个方面分析了提高电动汽车能耗经济的途径,指出了今后需要重点研究的关键性问题。