应用聚类分析的协同过滤推荐算法

在大多数推荐系统中,由于用户评分数据的稀疏性,使得相似度误差较大并影响推荐结果的准确性.为了解决用户评分数据的稀疏性问题,本文提出了一种基于聚类的协同过滤推荐算法.该算法依据项目的特征和用户对项目的评分,生成用户项目-特征兴趣矩阵,使用用户项目-特征兴趣矩阵对用户进行聚类,将同类用户对项目的平均评分作为未评分项目的估计...     

一种融合聚类与用户兴趣偏好的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法可以根据已知用户的偏好预测其可能感兴趣的项目,是现今最为成功、应用最广泛的推荐技术。然而,传统的协同过滤推荐算法受限于数据稀疏性问题,推荐结果较差。目前的协同过滤推荐算法大多只针对用户-项目评分矩阵进行数据分析,忽视了项目属性特征及用户对项目属性特征的偏好。针对上述问题,提出了一种融合聚类和用户兴趣偏好的协同过滤推荐算法。首先根据用户评分矩阵与项目类型信息,构建用户针对项目类型的用户兴趣偏好矩阵;然后利用K-Means算法对项目集进行聚类,并基于用户兴趣偏好矩阵查找待估值项所对应的近邻用户;在此基础上,通过结合项目相似度的加权Slope One算法在每一个项目类簇中对稀疏矩阵进行填充,以缓解数据稀疏性问题;进而基于用户兴趣偏好矩阵对用户进行聚类;最后,面向填充后的评分矩阵,在每一个用户类簇中使用基于用户的协同过滤算法对项目评分进行预测。实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效缓解原始评分矩阵的稀疏性问题,提升算法的推荐质量。     

基于聚类和用户偏好的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法使用评分数据作为学习的数据源,针对协同过滤推荐算法中存在的评分数据稀疏以及算法的可拓展性问题,提出了一种基于聚类和用户偏好的协同过滤推荐算法。为了挖掘用户的偏好,该算法引入了用户对项目类型的平均评分到评分矩阵中,并加入了基于用户自身属性的相似度;同时,为了降低数据稀疏性,该算法使用Weighted Slope One算法填充评分数据中的未评分项,并通过融入密度和距离优化初始聚类中心的K-means算法聚类填充后的评分数据中的用户,缩小了相似用户的搜索空间;最后在聚类后的数据集中使用传统的协同过滤推荐算法生成目标用户的推荐结果。通过使用MovieLens100K数据集实验证明,提出的算法对推荐效果有所改善。     

一种优化聚类的协同过滤推荐算法

针对传统的协同过滤推荐算法存在评分数据稀疏和推荐准确率偏低的问题,提出了一种优化聚类的协同过滤推荐算法。根据用户的评分差异对原始评分矩阵进行预处理,再将得到的用户项目评分矩阵以及项目类型矩阵构造用户类别偏好矩阵,更好反映用户的兴趣偏好,缓解数据的稀疏性。在该矩阵上利用花朵授粉优化的模糊聚类算法对用户聚类,增强用户的聚类效果,并将项目偏好信息的相似度与项目评分矩阵的相似度进行加权求和,得到多个最近邻居。融合时间因素对目标用户进行项目评分预测,改善用户兴趣变化对推荐效果的影响。通过在MovieLens 100k数据集上实验结果表明,提出的算法缓解了数据的稀疏性问题,提高了推荐的准确性。     

结合用户聚类和项目类型的协同过滤算法

为了解决协同过滤算法中数据稀疏性问题,提高推荐效果,提出一种改进的协同过滤算法.该算法首先通过一种新的相似度计算方法来计算项目类型相似度,将相似度大于某阈值的项目作为目标项目的邻居;然后根据目标用户对邻居项目的评分信息来预测该用户对目标项目的评分值,并将预测值填入稀疏的用户项目评分矩阵;最后对填充后的评分矩阵采用基于用户聚类（K-means聚类）的协同过滤算法做出最终的预测评分进行推荐.在Movielens数据集上进行实验验证,结果表明该算法能够很好地缓解数据稀疏性、降低计算复杂度,提高推荐精度.     

多聚类混合的加权协同过滤算法研究

协同过滤算法可根据用户的偏好,预测其感兴趣的项目,这项技术是目前商业领域中应用较为广泛且成功的。过去,使用协同过滤算法会因其数据的稀疏性及使用K-Means算法聚类时需要预先确定聚类个数等问题影响协同过滤算法的准确性。针对上述问题,提出了一种多聚类融合的协同过滤推荐算法。首先,构建用户-项目评分矩阵;其次,根据用户兴趣、偏好矩阵查找待估值项所对应的近邻用户,随后使用Slope One算法在对每一个簇内的稀疏矩阵进行填充,从而缓解数据稀疏性问题;再次,使用Canopy聚类算法进行粗聚类,将计算出的每个中心点作为K-Means算法的初始聚类点并进行K-Means细聚类;最后,优化后的协同过滤算法最终被用来预测每个簇中填充后的评分矩阵,并采用带时间加权的相似度公式。最终实验数据显示,优化后能够有效提升算法的效率与推荐质量。     

一种基于情景的协同过滤推荐算法

针对协同过滤推荐算法中数据极端稀疏所带来的推荐精度低下的问题,文中提出一种基于情景的协同过滤推荐算法。通过引入项目情景相似度的概念,基于项目情景相似度改进了用户之间相似度的计算公式,并将此方法应用至用户离线聚类过程中,最终利用用户聚类矩阵和用户评分数据产生在线推荐。实验结果表明,该算法能够在数据稀疏的情况下定位目标用户的最近邻,一定程度上缓解数据极端稀疏性引起的问题,并减少系统在线推荐的时间。     

二分网络中基于谱聚类的协同推荐

提出一种基于谱聚类的协同推荐算法（SCBCF）。首先从用户——项目二分网络的单顶点投影中得到用户之间的相似矩阵,然后对该矩阵应用谱聚类算法,将用户聚成k类,并将得到的聚类结果用于数据平滑和邻居结点的选择,最后基于最近邻居集评分行为,对目标用户产生推荐。在Movie-Lens上的实验结果证明本文方法比传统的协同过滤算法能更好地应用于二分网络的协同推荐。     

基于用户模糊聚类的协同过滤推荐研究

传统的协同过滤算法没有考虑用户的自身信息对评分的影响,存在的数据稀疏性、扩展性差等弊端直接影响了推荐系统的推荐质量。对此提出了一种基于用户情景模糊聚类的协同过滤推荐算法。首先根据用户情景信息利用模糊聚类算法得到情景相似的用户群分类,然后在进行协同过滤前预先通过Slope One算法填充用户一项目评分矩阵,以有效改善数据稀疏性和实时性。实验结果表明,改进后的算法在推荐精度上有较大提高。     

基于二分图划分联合聚类的协同过滤推荐算法

准确而积极地向用户提供他们可能感兴趣的信息或服务是推荐系统的主要任务。协同过滤是采用得最广泛的推荐算法之一,而数据稀疏的问题往往严重影响推荐质量。为了解决这个问题,提出了基于二分图划分联合聚类的协同过滤推荐算法。首先将用户与项目构建成二分图进行联合聚类,从而映射到低维潜在特征空间;其次根据聚类结果改进2种相似性计算策略:簇偏好相似性和评分相似性,并将二者相结合。基于结合的相似性,分别采用基于用户和项目的方法来获得对未知目标评分的预测。最后,将这些预测结果进行融合。实验结果表明,所提算法比最新的联合聚类协同过滤推荐算法具有更好的性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.