聚乙烯亚胺-羧甲基纤维素的合成及对金属离子的吸附性能

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为基质,用戊二醛(GA)做交联剂,将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)交联到羧甲基纤维素上制得聚乙烯亚胺-羧甲基纤维素吸附剂(PEI-CMC)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱对PEI-CMC的结构进行了表征,测定了其对Cu2+、Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附性能,并研究了pH值、时间、金属离子的初始浓度对吸附的影响。结果表明,当CMC、PEI和GA的反应比为1 g∶5 mL∶20 mL,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为3 h时,合成的PEI-CMC的含氮量为13.23%。当CMC和PEI的反应比为1 g∶5 mL时,随着戊二醛(质量分数2.5%)的加入量增加,PEI-CMC的产率先增大后降低。在pH值1~14的范围内,溶液酸碱度的变化对PEI-CMC的交联度没有影响。PEI-CMC吸附剂对Cu2+、Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附量在实验范围内随pH升高而增加。PEI-CMC对Pb2+和Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附在90 min和180 min后分别达到平衡,吸附动力学符合准二级反应动力学模型。随着Cu2+、Pb2+和Cd2+初始浓度的增加,PEI-CMC对Cu2+、Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附量开始时快速增加,而后达到饱和,吸附等温数据符合Freundlich模型,最大吸附容量分别为Cu2+250.0mg/g、Pb2+635.9 mg/g、Cd2+142.8 mg/g。     

壳聚糖交联腐殖酸凝胶球吸附渗滤液中重金属离子研究

以甲醛(CH₂O)为交联剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为制孔剂,将腐殖酸(HA)交联到壳聚糖(CS)上成功制备了一种新型多孔吸附材料CS-HA凝胶球,研究其对Cr(Ⅵ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附行为,以及在渗滤液环境下这四种重金属离子的动态吸附效果。结果表明：CS-HA凝胶球对Cr(Ⅵ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的最佳吸附pH分别为3、8、6和6;吸附均为自发进行的;吸附过程更符合拟二级动力学过程和Langmuir等温模型,其单层饱和吸附量分别为108.84 mg/g、170.40 mg/g、104.95 mg/g和92.80 mg/g。在动态吸附实验中,CS-HA凝胶球能同时吸附渗滤液中的Cr(Ⅵ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ),四种重金属离子的动态总吸附量相近;Ni(Ⅱ)达到耗竭点的时间最长,对吸附剂的利用率相对最高。FTIR红外光谱结果表明CS-HA凝胶球中的氨基、羟基和羧基等官能团与重金属离子的络合作用是主要的吸附机制。     

聚丙烯腈纤维改性条件优化及其对模拟电镀废水的净化作用

为了寻求低价、环保的电镀废水处理方案,将廉价的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维与羟胺试剂反应对PAN纤维进行改性,使其上氰基螯合获得偕胺肟基纤维。通过改变各种改性条件,探讨了改性条件对PAN改性纤维在重金属单离子溶液和多离子混合溶液中吸附性能的影响。结果表明:最佳改性条件为21.2 g/L PAN纤维,27.0 g/L盐酸羟胺,pH值为7.0,70℃下反应2 h;改性PAN纤维对模拟电镀废水中的Cu2+,Zn2+,Ni2+,Pb2+,Cd2+等重金属离子均有较好吸附性能,其中对Cd2+吸附效果最好,吸附量为55 mg/g;在多离子混合溶液中优先选择吸附Cd2+;改性PAN纤维再生效果优良,可重复利用。     

PEI二硫代氨基甲酸盐交联材料的制备及吸附镉、铜、铅离子

聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)与戊二醛缩合发生交联,缩合形成的CN(碳氮双键)用硼氢化钠还原,最后再跟二硫化碳反应,形成PEI接枝二硫代氨基甲酸盐的交联高分子重金属离子吸附材料。考察该高分子材料吸附镉(Ⅱ)、铜(Ⅱ)、铅(Ⅱ)重金属离子;对其作用机理进行了初步探究。实验证明,随着pH值和重金属离子的浓度的增加,高分子材料对重金属离子Cd2+、Cu2+、Pb2+的吸附容量均呈现先快速增加然后趋缓的趋势,对镉(Ⅱ)、铜(Ⅱ)、铅(Ⅱ)的吸附容量分别达到205.99,215.02和451.79mg/g。     

多氨基改性蔗渣对水溶液中Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)吸附性能的研究

蔗渣经多氨基改性处理后,得到多氨基改性蔗渣吸附剂。考察了多氨基改性蔗渣吸附剂对模拟废水中Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cu2+的吸附性能,主要包括吸附时间、溶液pH值和温度对吸附量的影响以及吸附等温式的研究。研究表明,在实验范围内,Pb2+的吸附平衡时间为12h,适宜吸附Pb2+的pH值范围在4～5,Pb2+的最大吸附量为34.96mg/g;Zn2+的吸附平衡时间为20h,适宜吸附Zn2+的pH值在6.2左右,Zn2+的最大吸附容量为2.24mg/g;Cd2+的吸附平衡时间为20h,适宜吸附Cd2+的pH值在5.0左右,Cd2+的最大吸附容量为10.40mg/g;Cu2+的吸附平衡时间为20h;适宜吸附Cu2+的pH值在5.0左右;Cu2+在不同温度下的最大吸附容量为2.60mg/g。多氨基改性蔗渣对Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cu2+的吸附均可用Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程描述。     

多乙烯多胺胺化GMA-TAIC共聚物大孔树脂的合成及对重金属离子的吸附

用自由基悬浮聚合制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚(GMA)-三烯丙基异尿氰酸酯(TAIC)(80/20)共聚物大孔树脂,通过环氧基与多乙烯多胺的反应得到了相应的胺化树脂。在GMA-TAIC共聚物大孔树脂上键合多乙烯多胺会导致树脂孔体积和孔隙率的下降。合成的胺化树脂对重金属Cu(II)、Co(II)、Ni(II)、Zn(II)、Cd(II)、Mn(II)和Pb(II)离子有相当高的吸附容量,其中对Cu(II)离子吸附容量最大、吸附速率最快,吸附速率次序为:Cu(II)Cd(II)Zn(II)Pb(II)=Co(II)Mn(II),胺化树脂对这些重金属离子的吸附符合伪二级速率方程。     

P(AA/IA/MA)凝胶的制备及对铜离子吸附性能研究

通过以丙烯酸(AA),衣康酸(IA),马来酸酐(MA)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合制备了三元共聚P(AA/IA/MA)水凝胶,并采用FTIR对凝胶结构进行表征。针对不同组成凝胶的溶胀动力学、平衡吸附能力及铜离子饱和吸附容量的研究,结果表明:最佳投料比为n(AA):n(IA):n(MA)=6:3:1,其最大饱和吸附容量可达到224.5mg/g,P(AA/IA/MA)凝胶材料的等温吸附动力学可归属为准二级动力学。考察了体系pH值及吸附材料用量对Cu2+吸附性能的影响,结果表明:P(AA/IA/MA)凝胶吸附材料的Cu2+饱和吸附容量强烈依赖于体系pH值和吸附材料用量。当P(AA/IA/MA)凝胶吸附材料添加量为0.5g/50mL时,体系内Cu2+去除率接近100%。     

硫代乙酰胺键合硅胶吸附剂的制备及对铜铅的吸附性能

制备了硫代乙酰胺键合硅胶(TAA-SG),并以它作为固相萃取吸附剂,通过火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)研究了对Cu2+、Pb2+的萃取性能。系统考察了pH、振荡时间和吸附容量等静态吸附性能实验以及流速、洗脱液条件、最大试样体积和干扰离子等动态吸附性能实验对Cu2+、Pb2+定量回收的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明,当介质的pH为5时,振荡25 min时吸附达到平衡,对Cu2+、Pb2+的最大吸附容量分别为15.05 mg/g和21.10 mg/g。TAA-SG用于饮用水中痕量Cu2+、Pb2+的吸附富集测定,加标回收率在98.4%~102.0%之间。     

弱酸型酚醛树脂对重金属离子的吸附

研究了以苯酚、氯乙酸及甲醛等为原料合成的弱酸型酚醛树脂对重金属离子Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Pb2+的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、吸附温度、溶液浓度及pH值对该树脂吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在温度为25℃、pH值为4.5的条件下,该树脂对Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Pb2+的吸附容量可达到2.4×10-3mol/g,去除率均可达到97.5%以上。吸附了重金属离子的树脂可用5%的盐酸再生并回收重金属离子。     

3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性蛭石的制备及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的选择性吸附研究

以天然蛭石(Verm)为原料,通过无机酸改性和有机改性制备出3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性蛭石(APTES-Verm)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热分析仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、多分子层吸附模型等多种表征手段分析了Verm、酸改性蛭石(a-Verm)和APTES-Verm这3种吸附材料的结构和物理化学性质,并研究了APTESVerm对环境水体中4种常见的重金属污染物——Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能。结果表明:用无机酸处理后,得到了比表面积增大、表面富含反应性硅羟基(Si—OH)的a-Verm;a-Verm经过进一步的有机改性后,在Si—OH基团的桥梁作用下,接枝上APTES,相应引入了大量对重金属离子具有吸附作用的—NH2基团。制备的APTES-Verm对Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附具有明显的选择性,吸附量达到210.865mg/g。     

改性斜发沸石处理电镀废水中的重金属离子

沸石是一族含水铝硅酸盐矿物,具有特殊的晶体化学结构,拥有离子交换、高效选择性吸附、催化、耐酸、耐辐射等优异的性能和环境属性.天然斜发沸石经改性可增强吸附性能.在静态条件和动态条件下,研究了改性斜发沸石对电镀废水中重金属离子Cu2 ,Cr6 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 ,Pb2 的吸附性.结果表明,改性斜发沸石对重金属离子有较好的吸附性,pH值是影响吸附的主要因素.本技术用于电镀废水处理,可成功地使废水中重金属离子的含量降低到国家规定的排放标准以下,处理后的废水经解吸再生后可重复使用.     

丝素-壳聚糖共混膜的制备及其金属离子渗透行为的研究

采用壳聚糖(CS)对天然高分子丝素(SB)进行改性,制备了丝素-壳聚糖(SB-CS)共混膜.FTIR、TGA、SEM的分析表明,该共混膜中SB和CS具有良好的相容性,壳聚糖改善了丝素膜的吸水性和机械性能.通过渗透实验发现不同的金属离子在共混膜中的渗透速率有很大的差异,一些常见的金属离子渗透速率的大小顺序为:K+>Ca2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>Ni2+.     

Amino-functionalized magnetic bacterial cellulose/activated carbon composite for Pb2+ and methyl orange sorption from aqueous solution

A new nanostructured amino-functionalized magnetic bacterial cellulose/activated carbon(BC/AC)composite bioadsorbent(AMBCAC)was prepared for removal of Pb~(2+)and methyl orange(MO)from aqueous solution.The results demonstrated that the equilibrium adsorption capacity(q_e)for Pb~(2+)obviously increases by 2.14 times after introduction of amino groups,the optimum p H for Pb~(2+)and MO adsorption was 5.0 and 3.0,respectively,and the q_eof AMBCAC was 161.78 mg g~(-1)for Pb~(2+)and 83.26 mg g~(-1)for MO under the optimal conditions in this investigation.The kinetics and adsorption isotherm data of the sorption process were well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm respectively.The thermodynamic results(the Gibbs free energy change G0,the enthalpy change H0,the entropy change S0)implied that the adsorption process of Pb~(2+)and MO was feasible,endothermic and spontaneous in nature.These results support that the AMBCAC composite developed in this work can provide a cheap and efficient way for easy removal of both Pb~(2+)and MO as a promising adsorbent candidate for wastewater treatment.     

改性聚丙烯腈纤维对电镀废水中重金属离子吸附的研究

为了有效地处理含重金属离子的废水,制备了改性聚丙烯腈纤维吸附剂.在静态条件下,研究了改性聚丙烯腈纤维对重金属离子Cu2 ,Ni2 ,Zn2 的吸附效果及吸附条件.含Cu2 ,Ni2 ,Zn2 的电镀废水经改性聚丙烯腈纤维吸附后,废水中Cu2 ,Ni2 ,Zn2 的含量显著低于国家排放标准,获得了满意的结果.     

Procion Green H-4G immobilized poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate/chitosan) composite membranes for heavy metal removal

The effective removal of toxic heavy metals from environmental samples still remains a major topic of present research. Metal-chelating membranes are very promising materials as adsorbents when compared with conventional beads because they are not compressible, and they eliminate internal diffusion limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a novel adsorbent, Procion Green H-4G immobilized poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)/chitosan) composite membranes, for the removal of three toxic heavy metal ions, namely, Cd(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II) from aquatic systems. The Procion Green H-4G immobilized poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate/chitosan) composite membranes were characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The immobilized amount of the Procion Green H-4G was calculated as 0.018+/-0.003 micromol/cm(2) from the nitrogen and sulphur stoichiometry. The adsorption capacity of Procion Green H-4G immobilized poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate/chitosan) composite membranes for selected heavy metal ions from aqueous media containing different amounts of these ions (30-400mg/l) and at different pH values (2.0-6.0) was investigated. The amount of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II) adsorbed onto the membranes measured at equilibrium, increased with time during the first 45 min and then remained unchanged toward the equilibrium adsorption. The maximum amounts of heavy metal ions adsorbed were 43.60+/-1.74, 68.81+/-2.75 and 48.22+/-1.92 mg/g for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II), respectively. The heavy metal ion adsorption on the pHEMA/chitosan membranes (carrying no dye) were relatively low, 6.31+/-0.13 mg/g for Cd(II), 18.73+/-0.37 mg/g for Pb(II) and 18.82+/-0.38 mg/g for Hg(II). Competitive adsorption of the metal ions was also studied. When the metal ions competed with each other, the adsorbed amounts were 12.74+/-0.38 mg Cd(II)/g, 28.80+/-0.86 mg Pb(II)/g and 18.41+/-0.54 mg Hg(II)/g. Procion Green H-4G immobilized poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate/chitosan) membranes can be regenerated by washing with a solution of nitric acid (0.01 M). The percent desorption achieved was as high as 95%. These novel membranes are suitable for repeated use for more than five adsorption/desorption cycles without any considerable loss in adsorption capacity. Adsorption equilibria were well described by Langmuir equation. It can be concluded that Procion Green H-4G immobilized poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate/chitosan) membranes may effectively be used for the removal of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions from aqueous solutions.     

AOPAN/RC纳米纤维膜的制备及对金属离子吸附性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈/醋酸纤维素(PAN/CA)纳米纤维膜,通过化学改性制备偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈/再生纤维素(AOPAN/RC)纳米纤维膜,研究了纳米纤维膜对单一金属离子(Fe~(3+))和混合金属离子(Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Fe~(3+))的吸附性能。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线能谱仪等测试对纳米纤维膜进行了表征,并通过静态接触角测定纳米纤维膜亲水性能。研究表明,改性后制备的AOPAN/RC纳米纤维膜的亲水性能得到较大改善,同时纳米纤维膜能够高效吸附溶液中的金属离子,纳米纤维膜对单一组分Fe~(3+)的饱和吸附可达411.21mg/g,对于混合金属离子溶液,纳米纤维膜对其吸附能力顺序为Fe~(3+)Cu~(2+)Cd~(2+),而且纳米纤维膜具备优良的重复使用能力。     

Facile preparation of magnetic sodium alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose composite hydrogel for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution

A novel magnetic polysaccharide composite hydrogel was successfully constructed by using sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the backbone and filled with in situ Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, which was then employed for removal of heavy metal ion from aqueous solution. The obtained magnetic SA/CMC composite hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence microscope, thermogravimetric and vibrating sample magnetometer. Effect of contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of heavy metal ions by the magnetic SA/CMC hydrogel have also been studied. The results show that the prepared magnetic SA/CMC hydrogel can be effectively utilized in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The maximal adsorption capacity of Mn(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) as calculated from the Langmuir model were 71.83, 89.49, and 105.93 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process of the magnetic SA/CMC hydrogel on the heavy metal ions can be attributed to ion exchange and chemical adsorption. What’s more, the magnetic hydrogel exhibited high efficiency after four cycles, which indicating it offers great potential for practical application in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.

     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(l)-glutamic acid) copolymer beads for removal of lead ions

N-methacryloyl-(l)-glutamic acid (MAGA) was synthesized using methacryloyl chloride and l-glutamic acid methyl ester as a metal-complexing ligand and/or comonomer. MAGA was characterized by FTIR and NMR. Spherical beads with an average diameter of 150–200 μm were obtained by suspension polymerization of MAGA and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) performed in an aqueous dispersion medium. Poly(HEMA-MAGA) beads were characterized by swelling studies, surface area measurements and elemental analysis. Poly(HEMA-MAGA) beads have a specific surface area of 56.7 m²/g. Poly(HEMA-MAGA) beads were used in the removal studies of Pb²⁺ ions. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in about 60 min. The adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions onto PHEMA beads was negligible (0.38 mg/g). The MAGA incorporation into the polymer structure significantly increased the lead adsorption capacity (348 mg/g). The adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions increased with increasing pH and reached a plateau value at around pH 5.0. Competitive adsorption of heavy metal ions from synthetic wastewater was also studied. The adsorption capacities are 42.5 mg/g for Pb²⁺, 26.8 mg/g for Hg²⁺ and 17.6 mg/g for Cd²⁺ at 0.5 mmol/l metal concentration. Consecutive adsorption and elution operations showed the feasibility of repeated use for poly(HEMA-MAGA) chelating beads.     

Biosorption of copper(II) and lead(II) from aqueous solution by chaff in a fixed-bed column

In this article, the ability of chaff to adsorb heavy metal ions from aqueous solution was investigated in a fixed-bed column. The effect of important parameters, such as the value of pH, the flow rate, the influent concentration of solution and the effect of coexistence ions, was studied. Also the adsorption/desorption recycles of chaff were shown, and the results indicated that chaff could be recycled to remove heavy metal ions. The Thomas model was applied to adsorption of copper and lead at different flow rate and different influent concentration to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for process design. The model was found suitable for describing the biosorption process of the dynamic behavior of the chaff column. All the results suggested that chaff as adsorbent to removal heavy metal ions from solution prove efficient, and the rate of biosorption process is speedy. Furthermore, the efficiency of adsorption is high. When the flow rate was 3.6 ml min(-1) and the influent concentration of copper and lead was 14.82 mg l(-1) and 50.12 mg l(-1) respectively, the equilibrium adsorption biomass reached 1.98 mg g(-1) and 6.72 mg g(-1), respectively. The competitive adsorption for lead and copper was studied. Moreover the total adsorbing capability of chaff did not decrease when there were both copper(II) and lead(II) in solution.