洗衣液泡沫控制的研究

研究了皂基、有机硅和聚醚三种消泡剂以及配方结构对洗衣液泡沫的影响。结果表明,皂基消泡剂的消泡能力较差,但有良好的抑泡能力;有机硅消泡剂消泡能力极好,但无抑泡能力;聚醚消泡剂无显著的消泡、抑泡能力;以上三种消泡剂两两组合复配,消泡、抑泡效果均好于单独使用一种消泡剂,且在各种组合中效果最好。配方中,非离子或直链烷基苯磺酸钠的比例越高,消泡、抑泡效果越好。     

消泡剂的消泡机理及其在皮革涂饰剂中的应用

本文就消泡剂的消泡机理进行了探讨,并考察了不同种类消泡剂的消泡效果,通过实验测定优选了适宜的消泡剂,并确定了其最佳用量。结果表明,聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类迪高消泡剂消泡效果较好,其适宜用量为3‰。     

脂肪酸盐对机洗用清洗剂的消泡效果

以直链烷氧基脂肪酸盐作为消泡剂,考查不同类型消泡剂的消泡效果,同时考查消泡剂对不同种阴离子表面活性剂的消泡效果。     

聚醚聚硅氧烷消泡剂的制备及其在液体洗涤剂中的应用研究

以聚醚接枝聚硅氧烷为消泡剂,加入适宜的乳化剂、载体,制备高效乳液消泡剂。考察了消泡剂和市售A、B、C三种常用液体洗涤剂复配的消泡、抑泡消泡效果和对洗涤剂去污力的影响。结果表明,消泡剂添加量为6‰～8‰时,洗涤剂消泡、抑泡效果最佳,去污力不受影响。     

消泡剂气/液界面膜的性质对其消泡性能的影响

参照消泡试验标准ASTM E2407,评价了硅油类、聚醚酯类及聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类3种消泡剂的消/抑泡性能,并采用LB膜天平,测试了消泡剂对模拟起泡体系扩张模量、扩张弹性和扩张黏度的影响。结果表明,消泡剂分子吸附在气/液界面上,降低了界面膜的弹性,减小了界面膜的强度,使得界面膜厚度变薄,泡沫寿命缩短,从而达到破泡效果;消泡剂存在下的界面膜强度在一定时间内不足以形成稳定的泡沫,从而达到抑泡效果。同种消泡剂,在一定质量分数范围内,随质量分数增加,界面膜扩张模量、扩张弹性均降低,消泡剂消/抑泡性能变好;超过某一质量分数时,界面膜扩张模量、扩张弹性基本保持不变,消/抑泡性能也不再增强。不同种消泡剂,界面膜扩张模量及扩张弹性降低幅度越大,消/抑泡性能越好。因此,扩张模量和扩张弹性可以很好地解释消泡剂的消/抑泡效果。     

钻井液用乳液型有机硅消泡剂HXP-3的研究与应用

麦克巴油田现场黄原胶增粘钻井液消泡难和消泡剂使用成本较高,在室内对二甲基硅油、二氧化硅、乳化剂等处理剂的类型和加量进行优选,成功的开发出乳液型有机硅消泡剂HXP-3。该消泡剂不仅对普通钻井液具有较好的消泡、抑泡效果,而且对黄原胶增粘的难消泡钻井液也具有良好的消泡效果。与国内同类产品相比,在流变性、稳定性和消泡性方面也具有明显优势。先后在麦克巴服务的海上油田、江汉油田以及冀东油田现场投入使用,取得较好的应用效果和经济效益。     

油用消泡剂的消泡抑泡性能评价

在自制的消泡剂性能评价装置上,研究了消泡剂在稠油模拟油中的使用量与消泡抑泡性能的关系。考察了硅油类、氟硅油类与硅醚类三种油用消泡剂的消泡抑泡性能与界面张力之间的关系。结果表明,硅油类、氟硅油类与硅醚类三种油用消泡剂合适的用量为35~45μg/g。在相同剂量下,硅醚型消泡剂的消泡抑泡性能最好。将消泡剂消泡性能与稠油模拟油界面张力进行关联发现,加入相同剂量的消泡剂后,硅醚消泡剂使稠油模拟油界面张力下降更显著。能大幅度降低稠油模拟油界面张力的消泡剂有更好的消泡抑泡性能。因此可以用降低界面张力能力的大小来衡量油用消泡剂的消泡抑泡性能。     

油用消泡剂的消泡抑泡性能评价

在自制的消泡剂性能评价装置上,研究了消泡剂在稠油模拟油中的使用量与消泡抑泡性能的关系。考察了硅油类、氟硅油类与硅醚类三种油用消泡剂的消泡抑泡性能与界面张力之间的关系。结果表明,硅油类、氟硅油类与硅醚类三种油用消泡剂合适的用量为35⁴5μg/g。在相同剂量下,硅醚型消泡剂的消泡抑泡性能最好。将消泡剂消泡性能与稠油模拟油界面张力进行关联发现,加入相同剂量的消泡剂后,硅醚消泡剂使稠油模拟油界面张力下降更显著。能大幅度降低稠油模拟油界面张力的消泡剂有更好的消泡抑泡性能。因此可以用降低界面张力能力的大小来衡量油用消泡剂的消泡抑泡性能。     

氯硅烷水解捞渣料制备有机硅消泡剂

采用氯硅烷水解捞渣料、气相法二氧化硅、甲基硅油、乳化剂、稳定剂等制得有机硅消泡剂,考察了气相法二氧化硅种类和捞渣料用量对有机硅消泡剂性能的影响,并测试了有机硅消泡剂用于循环水池时的消泡效果。结果表明,气相法二氧化硅选择HB-630较佳,捞渣料的较佳用量为1.8%(占基料的百分比),此时有机硅消泡剂的消泡时间为15 s,抑泡时间大于180 s,应用于循环水池时,可发挥良好的消泡效果。     

PAF-02沥青消泡剂的研制及工业应用

合成制备了7种不同类型的消泡剂。模拟评价试验表明，含固态硅化物的复合型消泡剂的消泡性能优于其他类型的消泡剂。工业试验结果表明，PAF－02消泡剂对沥青系统的消泡效果显著。该剂具有用量少，消泡效果好，使用方便，费用省等优点，茂名石化在丙烷脱沥青装置上使用该剂后，每年增加经济效益600多万元。     

Auslegung und Dimensionierung eines mechanischen Schaumzerstörers

Design and dimensions of a mechanical defoamer. This paper presents a newly developed powerful mechanical defoamer which exploits centrifugal force and, thanks to circular channels, also Coriolis force for destruction of foam. It is incorporated into containers such that the expelled foam concentrate is deflected by the lid without producing fresh foam. Model experiments with three geometrically similar but different sized laboratory models led to dimensionaltheoretically formulated process-relations of the defoamer for various material systems (five chemical foamers, two biological substrates). Such process-relations represent a reliable basis for design and dimensions of the defoamer presented, on the one hand, and permit determination of an ?intermediate characteristic”?, having the dimensions of acceleration, which represents the mechanical degradability of the foam.     

有机硅消泡剂与造纸废水综述

造纸废水泡沫问题由来已久,泡沫不仅会影响到污水处理设施的运行,还会对环境造成污染。本文阐述了有机硅消泡剂的消泡原理以及用作消泡剂主体材料的二甲基硅油的特性。综合介绍了有机硅消泡剂的种类、组成以及性能特点,简述了有机消泡剂的发展趋势。     

乳液型硅油聚醚消泡剂的研制

以二甲基硅油、含氢硅油、聚醚为原料,选用适宜的乳化剂,制成了兼有有机硅特性和聚醚特性的乳液型消泡剂,性能良好,成本低廉,并对硅油聚醚的配比、乳化剂的选择等对消泡效果有影响的因素进行了探讨。     

Defoamer selection in waterborne coatings

Waterborne coatings systems differ from solventborne systems in a number of ways. One key difference is the fact that water displays a high surface tension, which must be lowered to allow spreading over low-energy substrates. But solving this problem often leads to another problem: the surfactants used to lower surface tension tend to stabilize foam. This foam, in turn, must be destabilized during manufacture and application through the use of a defoamer. Choosing the proper defoamer for any given system has always been a matter of empirical selection. But today, new methods of analysis can help with that selection process. This article presents new and existing research in the areas of foam control and defoamer selection that can help minimize the amount of empirical work needed. P.O. Box 1299, 914E. Randolph Rd., Hopewell, VA 23860     

镀银铜粉电磁屏蔽水性涂料的制备及性能研究

以丙烯酸类乳液和片状镀银铜粉为主要原料,添加润湿剂、分散剂、消泡剂、流平剂和水,制备得到电磁屏蔽水性涂料。涂料的制备工艺为：先将润湿剂、分散剂、部分消泡剂和镀银铜粉进行搅拌混合,再加入乳液搅拌均匀,最后加入流平剂和余下消泡剂制得屏蔽涂料。讨论了镀银铜粉含量、乳液种类及用水量对涂层导电性和电磁屏蔽性能的影响,并从导电机理、电磁屏蔽原理和涂层微观结构方面进行了分析。所制备的涂料在100 kHz～15 GHz的频率范围内,其屏蔽效能达到55~65 dB。     

钻井液用3种有机硅消泡剂的配制及其消泡性能评价

配制了以有机硅为主体的乳液型消泡剂,通过实验确定了在淡水钻井液泥浆中消泡剂的最佳配方以及配制的工艺条件,并对其性能进行了评价.通过对比,此类消泡剂的稳定性好,使用低速离心机3000r/min,进行30min离心,结果不分层、不漂油、无沉淀、稳定性好.同时在淡水钻井液泥浆中的消泡抑泡性能好,具有低用量、高效率的优点,消泡抑泡效果大大优于传统的消泡剂.     

聚醚改性乳液型硅油消泡剂的研制

以二甲基硅油、消泡剂硅油、聚醚为原料,选用适宜的乳化剂,制成了兼有有机硅特性和聚醚特性的乳液型消泡剂,对硅油聚醚的配比、乳化剂的选择等对消泡效果有影响的因素进行了探讨。     

Innovative, gemini-type molecular defoamer technology for improved coating aesthetics

The use of conventional surfactants and defoamers in waterborne coatings can often create an undesirable cycle, whereby each imparts a negative effect that requires the other to solve. Molecular defoamers represent a novel class of defoamers that break foam on a molecular level, which is unlike conventional defoamers that utilize macroscopic physical incompatibility within a coating formulation. This is accomplished by the ability of the molecular defoamer to adsorb at the air-water interface of a foam bubble and, thereby, displace some of the molecular defoamer to adsorb at the air-water interface of a foam bubble and, thereby, displace some of the surfactants that stabilize the foam. Based on a fundamental understanding of the effects of basic adsorption parameters, innovative nonsilicone molecular defoamers were developed that provide long-term foam control, effectively reduce both surface tension and foam in a variety of emulsion polymers, and decrease significantly the level of defects in waterborne coating applications. A synergistic performance benefit was obtained when these molecular defoamers were used in combination in an acrylic, industrial maintenance formulation. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

从废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中回收苯乙烯

本文采用有机溶剂甲苯作为消泡剂，用热裂解法从废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中回收苯乙烯，苯乙烯收率可达８０％以上。