聚磷酸铵阻燃体系对HIPS/OMMT阻燃研究

将钠基蒙脱土(Na~ -MMT)有机化改性,制成有机蒙脱土(OMMT),采用熔融插层法分别制备HIPS/OMMT复合材料和聚磷酸铵(APP)体系阻燃的HIPS/OMMT复合材料。结果表明,HIPS/OMMT复合材料具有一定的阻燃性能,但阻燃性能的提高比较有限;与仅添加OMMT时相比,APP体系阻燃的HIPS/OMMT复合材料的阻燃性和抑烟性均得到进一步提高,以APP、季戊四醇(PER)和硼酸锌(ZB)为膨胀型阻燃剂对HIPS/OMMT复合材料阻燃性和抑烟性的提高更为显著。力学性能测试结果表明,APP体系的加入对复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度都有负面影响。     

膨胀型阻燃剂和有机蒙脱土协同阻燃聚丙烯的研究

采用熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯/膨胀型阻燃剂/有机蒙脱土（PP/IFR/OMMT）阻燃复合材料。探讨了OMMT对PP膨胀阻燃体系的影响,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、极限氧指数、热重分析(TG)、力学性能测试对阻燃复合材料的阻燃性、热稳定性及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,PP高分子链插层进入OMMT层间,形成了插层型复合材料。OMMT与IFR具有明显的协同阻燃性。OMMT添加量为2份时,复合材料的极限氧指数达到31 %,较单独添加IFR时高出30 %;与纯PP相比,复合材料残炭率明显提高。随着OMMT含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当OMMT含量为3份、IFR含量为22份时,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度达到最大值。     

Preparation and properties of HDPE/CaCO3/OMMT ternary nanocomposite

A series of binary composites based on HDPE (high density polyethylene) and nanoinorganic particles such as nano‐CaCO₃ and OMMT (organic montmorillonite) were prepared. Their properties including tensile, impact strength, and some thermal properties were tested. The results showed that binary composite has partial improvement in mechanical properties compared with pure HDPE. A ternary composite nano‐CaCO₃/OMMT/HDPE was prepared and characterized. It was found that the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of this ternary composite have been enhanced greatly compared with both pure HDPE and binary composites. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and impact strength of nano‐CaCO₃/OMMT/HDPE were increased 124.6%, 302.7%, 73.86%, 58.97%, and 27.25%, respectively. The DMA test results showed that the mechanical properties of ternary composite were increased because of the limitation on the movement of HDPE due to inorganic particles. The synergistic effect introduced by nanoparticles may play an important role in all these processes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

OMMT对聚丙烯纳米复合材料性能的影响

采用熔融共混方法,制备了聚丙烯(PP)/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)/有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)/环氧树脂(EP)纳米复合材料.研究了经EP改性前后的OMMT及其用量对复合材料力学性能、耐热性能和结晶行为的影响.结果表明:OMMT和经EP改性后的OMMT(E-OMMT)的加入,提高了复合材料的弯曲模量,同时在一定添加量时能保持材料原有的拉伸强度和冲击强度,且E-OMMT对复合材料力学性能的改善更显著,当加入质量分数为15%的E-OMMT后,材料的弯曲模量达到最大值,提高了40.7%;热变形实验表明:层状OMMT和E-OMMT的加入.提高了材料的热变形温度;通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析发现:OMMT和E-OMMT降低了复合材料的结晶度.     

高冲击强度聚苯乙烯的协效阻燃研究

采用熔融共混法制备了高冲击强度聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/高性能纳米氢氧化铝(CG-ATH)/有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)/包覆红磷(ERP)纳米复合材料,研究了OMMT和ERP用量对复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:纳米CG-ATH、OMMT和ERP之间有很好的协效阻燃效果,当纳米CG-ATH用量为15%,OMMT用量为3%,ERP用量为10%时,HIPS复合材料的垂直燃烧可达到UL94V—0级,此时,复合材料具有较好的弯曲性能和拉伸性能,但冲击性能较差。     

PBA/OMMT制备及其对PA6力学性能的影响

用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)将Na基蒙脱土(MMT)改性成有机蒙脱土(OMMT),采用原位聚合法制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)/OMMT,并将其按适当比例添加到尼龙6(PA6)中。通过红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪等表征了OMMT、PBA/OMMT的结构,并检测了PA6/PBA/OMMT复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:添加5%的PBA/OMMT后,PA6/PBA/OMMT复合材料的拉伸强度提高了23.1%,缺口冲击强度的降低幅度有所减缓。     

Water absorption and mechanical properties of PP/HIPS hybrid composites filled with wood flour

Water absorption and mechanical performance of the injection‐molded hybrid composites prepared from different ratios of two polymer blends (57 wt%), two compatibilizers (3 wt%), and two wood species (40 wt%) were investigated. The ratio of polypropylene and high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) gradually increased in the blend (from 10 to 30 wt%). Styrene–ethylene–butylene–styreneblock copolymer and maleic anhydride‐grafted PP (MAPP) were used as compatibilizer (3 wt%). The shore D hardness of the PP/wood composites was improved by the incorporation of the HIPS. The HIPS/wood flour composites showed higher tensile modulus but lower tensile strength than the PP/wood composites. The water resistance of the PP/wood composites decreased with increasing HIPS content. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:863–869, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Studies of the Physico-Mechanical,Interfacial, and Degradation Properties of Jute Fabrics/Melamine Composites

Jute fabrics/melamine composites (20% fiber) were prepared by compression molding. Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. Mechanical properties of starch-treated jute/melamine composites, including tensile strength (31%), bending strength (29%), tensile modulus (23%), bending modulus (25%), impact strength (113%), and hardness (4%), inproved significantly over the untreated composite. Fracture surfaces of untreated and treated composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and supported poorer fiber matrix adhesion for the untreated composite than that of the treated composite. Water uptake and soil degradation tests of untreated and treated composites were also performed.     

不同树脂质量比阻燃PPE/HIPS体系性能研究

使用双螺杆挤出机制备了一系列质量比的阻燃聚苯醚(PPE)/高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)复合材料,根据PPE黏度不同分为PPE-35/HIPS体系和PPE-45/HIPS体系,研究了不同黏度的PPE及不同质量比PPE/HIPS对复合材料的力学性能、热变形温度(HDT)、熔体质量流动速率(MFR)的影响,并筛选不同牌号HIPS对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,PPE/HIPS复合材料中,拉伸强度、弯曲强度随HIPS含量的增加呈线性下降趋势,PPE-45/HIPS体系的拉伸强度和弯曲强度普遍优于PPE-35/HIPS体系;冲击强度存在一个树脂最优质量比,PPE-35/HIPS体系中树脂最优质量比为70∶30,PPE-45/HIPS体系中树脂最优质量比为60∶40。HDT随HIPS含量的增加呈线性下降趋势,而MFR随HIPS含量增加呈线性递增趋势,PPE-35/HIPS体系的HDT低于PPE-45/HIPS体系而MFR高于PPE-45/HIPS体系。复合材料的强度由主体树脂PPE决定,HIPS (476L)对PPE-35的增韧改性效果更好,成型加工性能更佳。     

动态熔融插层HIPS/蒙脱土复合材料阻燃性能的研究

采用动态熔融法分别制备高冲击强度聚苯乙烯/有机蒙脱土(HIPS/OMMT)复合材料和高冲击强度聚苯乙烯/钠基蒙脱土(HIPS/Na+-MMT)复合材料,利用锥形量热仪测试复合材料的阻燃性能,结果表明:HIPS/OMMT复合材料的热释放速率(HRR)、生烟速率(SPR)、质量损失速率(MLR)等燃烧性能参数均明显降低,表现出较好的阻燃性和抑烟性;Na+-MMT阻燃HIPS与OMMT阻燃HIPS复合材料比较,HIPS/OMMT复合材料的阻燃性明显优于HIPS/Na+-MMT。通过研究复合材料的阻燃性能,结合燃烧残余物的微观结构和宏观形貌分析,探讨了复合材料的阻燃机理。     

玻璃微珠改性PP和LLDPE力学性能的比较研究

采用玻璃微珠(GB)改性聚丙烯(PP)和线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)，对玻璃微珠的用量、粒径和复合材料加工方法对材料的力学性能的影响进行了比较研究。结果表明：随着GB用量的增加，单、双螺杆挤出GB／PP复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均呈线性增长的趋势，而屈服强度则有小幅下降；断裂应变在低含量时有所提高，然后迅速下降；单双螺杆挤出材料的冲击强度均有所提高，并在一定范围内随GB用量的提高而增大，且单螺杆挤出材料的冲击强度略高于双螺杆挤出材料。而GB／LLDPE中，随着GB用量的增加，单螺杆挤出复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲模量均呈线性增长趋势，而屈服强度和弯曲强度在含量较高时略有上升；双螺杆挤出复合材料的拉伸模量、屈服应力、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均呈线性增长的趋势，两者的断裂应变都有所降低，但没有严重劣化LLDPE复合材料的冲击特性。GB的粒径对两种复合材料的力学性能影响不大，但对GB／PP复合材料的韧性有较大影响。单、双螺杆挤出GB／PP复合材料的冲击强度在一定范围内较纯料有一定提高；同样的，双螺杆挤出复合材料的冲击强度低于单螺杆挤出材料。     

Improvement in mechanical,electrical, and shape memory properties of the polystyrene-based carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites containing carbon nanotubes

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers based on polystyrene matrix containing elastomer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were produced by compression molding. The effects of carbon fabric (CF) concentration and silane treatment on the morphology, mechanical, electrical, and shape memory properties of the multilayer composites were investigated. The SEM analyses showed that fibers of the silane-treated CFs were more homogeneously covered with the polymer layers than the untreated CFs. The tensile strength and modulus of the composites increased by 521% and 125%, respectively, with an increasing number of CF plies from one to five. Upon silane treatment, the tensile strength of the multilayer composite improved by 26%, and the tensile modulus decreased by 18.4%. Electrical conductivities of the composites were in the semiconductor region due to the presence of both CNTs and CFs. 100% shape recovery less than a minute recovery time was obtained for all the composites with electrically triggered bending test.     

玻璃微珠改性PBT复合材料的制备与性能

研究了玻璃微珠(GB)、短玻纤(GF)用量对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)／GF复合材料熔体流变性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在GF质量分数为17．5％以下时,添加GB使熔体的MFR增大,反之则减小;加工工艺对熔体的粘度也有影响。在未添加GB情况下,随CF用量增加,复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度、弯曲模量均增大,添加GB后三者增加较缓慢;而复合材料的冲击强度在添加、未添加GB的情况下均减小;添加GB后成型试样的表面更光洁。     

Effect of exfoliated organophilic montmorillonite on the structure and conductivity of polypropylene/polyaniline composites

This study concentrates on the effect of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanolayers on conductivity, structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of the polypropylene/polyaniline (PP/PANI) composites. The composite was prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline at different composition ratios in the presence of PP powder. The structure and conductivity of ternary PP/PANI/OMMT nanocomposites were compared with those of PP/PANI composites. DC electrical conductivity measurements indicated that electrical conductivity decreased in the presence of OMMT layers. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of ternary nanocomposites have more rough regions. The interaction between PANI and OMMT was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The distribution of OMMT layers in the polymer matrix, as an effective parameter on the properties of nanocomposite, was investigated and confirmed using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed an exfoliated array for OMMT layers in the nanocomposite structure. The shear storage modulus for PP/PANI composites was lower than that for pure PP; however, it was increased for PP/PANI/OMMT nanocomposites. The data from the tensile and izod impact strength showed that the Young's modulus and izod impact strength were increased slightly by the addition of OMMT, whereas the elongation at break was decreased. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:699–707, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PC/ABS多相体系的制备及性能研究

用熔融挤出的方法制备了聚碳酸酯（PC）／N烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）／有机蒙脱土（OMMT）合金,考察了OMMT用量对PC／ABS合金力学性能和加工性能的影响,观察了其相分布和OMMT的分散情况以及冲击断面的形貌,并分析了机理。结果发现．ABS相分散在PC基体中．绝大部分的OMMT分散在ABS相中,且部分呈纳米级分散;固定PC／ABS质量比为70／30,加入OMMT后体系的拉仲强度变化不大,冲击强度降低较大;OMMT用量为2phr时,弯曲性能最佳;随着蒙脱土用量的增加,熔体质量流动速率（MFR）先增大后降低,在OMMT用量为5phr时．流动性最好。     

玻纤增强PP热塑性片材的制备及力学性能研究

采用熔融浸渍法制备了玻璃纤维毡增强聚丙烯（PP）热塑性复合片材;通过在PP中加入复合改性PP改善了基体与增强纤维间的相容性;考察了相容剂、PP种类及玻纤毡种类对复合片材的影响。结果表明,相容剂的加入可使复合片材的拉伸强度提高29％、拉伸模量提高23％、弯曲强度提高42％、弯曲模量提高25％;高熔体质量流动速率PP可使片材的弯曲与冲击性能进一步改善。连续玻纤毡和长玻纤毡增强PP复合片材,前者综合力学性能良好,而后者则冲击强度较弱、弯曲性能加强。     

改性尼龙6复合材料力学性能的研究

通过熔融共混制备了PA6/OMMT、PA6/Zn-EAA、PA6/OMMT/Zn-EAA三种复合材料,研究了OMMT、Zn-EAA(Zn-中和乙烯-丙烯酸)含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:OMMT的加入提高了复合材料的拉伸强度,但冲击强度有所下降;Zn-EAA的加入可以提高复合材料的冲击强度,改善其韧性。     

Comparative Studies on the Mechanical,Degradation and Interfacial Properties between Jute and E-Glass Fiber-Reinforced PET Composites

Jute fiber mat (hessian cloth) reinforced PET-based composites (50% fiber by weight) and E-glass fiber matreinforced PET based composites (50% fiber by weight) were fabricated by compression molding and the mechanical properties tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (%), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM), impact strength (IS) and hardness (Shore-A) of the composites were evaluated and compared. The interfacial properties of the both composites were also compared. Water uptake test and soil degradation test were also investigated.     

聚醚醚酮/碳纤维复合粉末的制备及性能

将热处理改性的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)粉末和碳纤维(CF)共混制备了PEEK/CF复合粉末。采用表观密度测试、扫描电子显微镜、电子万能试验机、热重分析、差示扫描量热法等对复合粉末材料的微观形貌、力学性能和热性能进行分析。结果表明,热处理后的PEEK粉末表观密度最高可达0.286 g/cm3。与纯PEEK相比,复合粉末的玻璃化转变温度、熔融温度和分解温度都有较大的提高;随着CF质量分数逐渐增加,复合粉末材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、热变形温度和维卡软化温度逐渐增大,冲击强度逐渐减小。改性PEEK/CF复合粉末材料为选择性激光烧结技术提供了高强度、高耐热性能的粉末材料,从而应用于汽车工业、电器工业、医疗器械和航空航天等领域。     

Jute Reinforced Polymer Composite by Gamma Radiation: Effect of Surface Treatment with UV Radiation

Jute (Hessian cloth) reinforced polymer composites were prepared with a mixture of 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and aliphatic urethane diacrylate oligomer (EB-204), and then cured under gamma radiation. Thick pure polymer films (2 mm thickness) were prepared by using the same monomer and oligomer at different weight ratios, and 500 krad of total gamma radiation dose at 600 krad/hr was selected for the curing of all composites. Total radiation dose, jute content, and monomer concentration were optimized with the extent of mechanical properties. Among all resulting composites, the composite of 38% jute content at monomer:oligomer = 50:50 (w/w) ratios showed the better mechanical properties, such as 108% increase in tensile strength (TS), 58% increase in bending strength (BS), 138% increase in tensile modulus (TM), and 211% increase in bending modulus (BM) relative to pure polymer film. The gel content values were also found to increase with the increase of jute content in the composite. But the elongation at break (Eb) for both tensile and bending was found to decrease with increasing jute content. The best mechanical properties were obtained when jute fibers were pre-irradiated with UV radiation, such as 150% increase in TS, 90% increase in BS relative to polymer film, 19% increase in TS, and 15% increase in BS relative to untreated jute-based composites. A water uptake behavior investigation of the resulting composites was also performed and composites based on UV-treated jute showed the minimum water uptake value.