Development of nitrogen-alloyed stainless steel sheet products in Baosteel

Nitrogen plays a vitally important role for improving properties for stainless steels in many aspects.In this paper,the physical metallurgy behavior and the beneficial effects of nitrogen on corrosion resistance and other mechanical properties of stainless steels were summarised.Based on nitrogen alloying,various stainless steel products,such as austenitic,duplex and martensitic staniless steels were developed with enhanced properties,such as corrosion resistance,mechanical strength and weldability,among other things.     

Effect of strain-induced martensitic phase transformation on the formability of nitrogen-alloyed metastable austenitic stainless steels

Strain-induced martensitic phase transformation and its influence on the formability of newly developed nitrogen-alloyed metastable austenitic stainless steels were systematically investigated. Yield strength for the asreceived steels bearing lownickel content was around 300 MPa and their elongation ratios varied from 55. 2% to61. 7%. Erichsen numbers of these samples differed from 13. 82 to 14. 57 mm. Although its Cu content was lower than that of other samples,steel D2 exhibited better plasticity and formability,which was attributed to γ→α'martensitic phase transformation. EBSD,XRD,and magnetism tests showed that increases in deformation ratio gradually increased the α' martensite phase of a sample,thereby contributing to its strain and inducing the optimal transformation-induced plasticity effect. An M_(d30/50) temperature of around 20 ℃,which is close to the deformation temperature,provided the austenite with adequate stability and gradually transformed it into martensite,thereby endowing lean ASS with better formability.     

宝钢汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢产品开发

最近几年,随着对全球环境问题的关注,各国都对汽车尾气排放要求给予高度重视以减低对环境的危害。随着汽车燃油的经济性和汽车尾气排放的等级化要求不断提高,排放标准变得更为严厉。因铁素体不锈钢具有良好的耐氧化性、低的热膨胀系数、高的抗腐蚀性能及更为经济的成本,铁素体不锈钢更多用于汽车排气系统零部件。欧美及日本汽车几乎全部使用超纯铁素体不锈钢用于排气系统零部件制造以满足汽车轻量化及严格的尾气排放要求。介绍了汽车排气系统的构成、各部件的性能要求及宝钢汽车用不锈钢的产品开发。     

Recent developments in stainless steels:austenitic,ferritic,duplex

A review is given concerning some of the recent industrial developments of stainless steels. In austenitic stainless steels,two different directions of alloy development are noticeable:low nickel austenitic stainless steels and high nitrogen stainless steels.In these two cases the aims are different,particularly in terms of strength,but the philosophy of alloy development and the scientific approaches are very similar and they all revolve about the role of nitrogen as an alloying element and how this affects strength,ductility and corrosion resistance. There is now a broad and useful basis of information as to how nitrogen affects solid solution hardening,grain boundary hardening and work hardening and how to make use of these effects in developing materials required by the world market. In the field of corrosion resistance,ferritic,duplex and austenitic stainless steels compete with each other and now there is a growing body of information concerning the relative corrosion resistance based on laboratory data. However,for practical applications and for alloy selection,more than just laboratory data are needed,and thus,the first results are presented here of a many years comparison of the corrosion resistance of 24 commercial stainless steels exposed to corrosion in outdoors marine atmosphere.Hope is expressed to involve in the near future even more steels from a wider range of manufacturers in such corrosion studies.This might help consumers in appropriate alloy selection.It might also help steel makers in developing appropriate stainless steel grades.     

粉末锻造制备含氮奥氏体不锈钢

介绍粉末包套烧结-自由锻造法制备含氮钢的过程。它包括含氮粉末准备→装粉→烧结→包套焊封→自由锻造等技术措施。本工艺比较简单，易于操作，对相应设备要求低。通过本技术制备的含氮奥氏体不锈钢材料相对密度达99％以上，且氮含量能满足含氮钢要求，其拉伸性能与粉末注射成形、高压熔炼等工艺制得的含氮奥氏体材料相当。     

Fe-17Mn-13Cr-0.3N奥氏体不锈钢的晶间腐蚀研究

用电化学动电位再活化(即EPR)法研究了Fe-17Mn-13Cr-0.3N奥氏体不锈钢的耐晶间腐蚀的程度.通过改变敏化时间和敏化温度,研究了不同的时间和温度对不锈钢的耐晶间腐蚀性能的影响,并结合Thermo-calc相图进行分析.结果表明在一定温度下,Ra值随时间变化的基本趋势都是先逐渐增大,达到1个峰值然后开始下降,Fe-17Mn-13Cr-0.3N奥氏体不锈钢种在750 ℃左右敏化时晶间腐蚀倾向最严重,不同于一般的Cr-Ni奥氏体钢种.w(Cr)太低,即使w(C)低于0.02 %,而且在没有碳化物析出的情况下,也会有严重的晶间腐蚀倾向;在w(Cr)为13 %以上,w(C)为0.065 %左右时,晶间腐蚀倾向不明显;氮有利于防止晶间腐蚀的发生,却对抗选择性腐蚀不利.     

奥氏体不锈钢保护渣的研制

针对奥氏体不锈钢成分的特殊性及可能产生的夹杂物,提出了连铸保护渣的相应研制思路,以此开发的保护渣在宝钢集团浦钢公司进行了数十炉的工业试验。结果证明,研制的奥氏体连铸保护渣各项性能均取得了较为满意的结果,铸坯质量及轧制性能达到了用户要求。     

奥氏体不锈钢309L的组织及力学性能分析

309L是一种奥氏体不锈钢,通过在实验室冶炼、轧制309L不锈钢,并在光学显微镜下观察其在铸态、轧制态以及固溶态下组织特点,发现309L在三种状态下的组织均为奥氏体相和残留的高温δ铁素体相,且这种凝固过程形成的δ铁素体难以通过热处理消除。还通过热模拟试验测定了309L的高温热塑性和变形抗力,并且测试了309L不同冷变形量下的力学性能,为工业生产提供了相关试验依据。     

不锈钢研发的最新进展——奥氏体、铁素体和双相不锈钢

评价了近期不锈钢的部分工业发展状况。对于奥氏体不锈钢而言,有两大引人注目的合金开发方向:低镍奥氏体不锈钢和高氮奥氏体不锈钢。这两类合金的设计目的不同,尤其是强度方面,但其合金开发原理和科研方法很相似,都围绕着氮这一合金元素对强度、塑性和耐蚀性的积极作用展开。现在人们已经相当了解氮对固溶强化、晶界强化和加工硬化的影响以及如何充分利用这些影响来开发全球市场所需的材料。在耐蚀性方面,铁素体、奥氏体和双相不锈钢彼此竞争,有关其耐蚀性比较的实验室数据也越来越多。但是,对于实际应用和合金选择而言,仅仅是实验室的数据是不够的,因此文章给出了多年来对24种工业生产的不锈钢暴露在室外海洋大气环境下的最新耐蚀性研究结果。希望在不久的将来能将更多制造商提供的钢种纳入到此项耐蚀性研究中来。这既能帮助消费者合理地选择合金,也可以帮助钢铁生产企业开发合适的钢种。     

奥氏体不锈钢中硫含量的研究

通过对不同硫含量铸坯和成品硫化物夹杂大小以及等级进行分析,研究了奥氏体不锈钢中硫含量对性能的影响。结果表明,随着硫含量的增加,不锈钢铸坯和成品中最大夹杂物尺寸逐步增加,成品夹杂物等级也相应提高,当硫的质量分数不大于21×10~(-6)时,成品硫化物夹杂低于最小评级要求;奥氏体不锈钢冲击性能与硫含量呈反比例关系,当硫的质量分数高于75×10~(-6)时,可能导致304不锈钢脆断。     

Precipitation of carbide and its effects on the properties of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel

In this work,the effects of temperature and cooling rate on the precipitation of carbides in nickel-saving metastable austenitic stainless steel were studied.The test results show that the temperature range of carbide precipitation in the test steel was 500-950℃,and 750℃was the most sensitive temperature.However,when completely solution treated samples were cooled from high to room temperature at a cooling rate of more than 50 K/s,no carbides precipitated.The carbide precipitates increased the yield strength but decreased the corrosion resistance of the steel,with little impact on toughness.     

Analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties of 309L austenitic stainless steel

309L is a kind of austenitic stainless steel.This paper discusses 309L,which was smelted and rolled in a lab.Its microstructural characteristics in states of as-cast,hot-rolling,cold-rolling and solid solution were investigated respectively by optical microscope (OM).It is found that 309L is composed of austenite and residual δ-ferrite under these conditions,and the δ-ferrite cannot be eliminated easily by heat-treatment.Its hot plasticity and deformation resistance were investigated in a series of heat simulation tests.Its mechanical properties under different cold reductions were studied.All these provide valuable experimental data for the industrial production.     

Z2CN19-10(N)奥氏体不锈钢超厚超重板材的开发

针对核电关键设备广泛采用的Z2CN19-10（N）超厚超重板材,设计了合理的生产工艺路径,研究了相关的成分设计、模铸工艺、锻造工艺、表面质量控制和板形控制等关键生产技术,成功开发了超厚超重核电板材。成品板材的全面评价结果表明,板材整体的晶粒度、夹杂物控制水平、力学性能、耐腐蚀性能和无损探伤性能完全满足核电行业广泛采用的RCC-M标准的各项指标要求。     

注射成形含氮无镍不锈钢的研究

为了扩大不锈钢的应用范围与节省较昂贵的镍资源,笔者以粒径<38.5μm含氮不锈钢粉末和多组元粘结剂(PW,HDPE,SA)为原料,采用粉末注射成形工艺制备了0Cr17Mn12Mo2N含氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢材料,并对其表面状态与显微组织、拉伸断口形貌以及力学性能、耐蚀性能进行了分析与测试.结果表明:使用上述粘结剂能够成功地实现含氮不锈钢粉末的注射成形;在流动N2气氛中,0.1MPa,1340℃下烧结120min,再经热处理后,注射成形0Cr17Mn12Mo2N不锈钢烧结体的相对密度可达到97.6%,含氮量达到0.83%(质量分数).该含氮无镍不锈钢具有良好的强度和塑性:抗拉强度σb=910MPa,屈服强度σ0.2=560MPa,伸长率δ5=46%,断面收缩率Ф=39.5%,硬度(HRB)为91.7,各项性能指标均优异于MIM 316L不锈钢.     

奥氏体不锈钢连铸圆坯表面质量的控制

针对奥氏体不锈钢连铸圆坯生产中出现较严重的纵裂、结疤、皮下夹渣等表面缺陷,经过试验对比和分析研究,找出了产生上述缺陷的主要影响因素.通过合理控制钢水浇注温度、选用适宜的连铸保护渣及浸入式中包水口,大大减少了不锈钢连铸圆坯的表面缺陷,各种缺陷比例均控制在4%以下,铸坯表面质量得到明显改善.     

Development of ferritic stainless steel products at Baosteel

Ferritic stainless steel(FSS) for various applications was developed on the basis of Thermo-calc simulation.Alloy design,precipitate analysis and processing parameters optimization were carried out on the basis of the simulation results according to the technical requirements of the applications.These developed products have outstanding properties,such as mechanical strength,ductility,formability,weldability and corrosion resistance. Baosteel has formed a series of FSS products which will increase the profit of the company and enhance the product variety of stainless steel.     

Cr-Mn-N奥氏体不锈钢的晶间腐蚀性能研究

晶间腐蚀性能是钻铤结构件用奥氏体无磁不锈钢的重要性能之一.采用不锈钢10％草酸浸蚀试验方法、不锈钢65％硝酸腐蚀试验方法以及不锈钢硫酸-硫酸铜试验方法对三种不同成分的Cr - Mn -N奥氏体不锈钢做了晶间腐蚀试验.试验结果表明,A钢种在不同的腐蚀条件下均具有良好的耐晶间腐蚀性能,该材料按0.03％C、18.96％ Cr、0.57％N的化学成分设计可以达到优良的耐晶间腐蚀性能.     

Hot-forged wear-resistant powder meterials based on stainless steels of the austenitic class

The microstructure, tribological and physicomechanical properties of hot-forged composites based on stainless steel of the austenitic class with additions of carbon, Cr₃C₂ and MoS₂ are studied. The possibility is established of using these composites for powder structural articles resistant to wear and corrosion. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 1–2(447), pp. 26–35, January–February, 2006.     

铜对奥氏体抗菌不锈钢性能的影响

 研究了不同铜含量的奥氏体抗菌不锈钢的抗菌性能、腐蚀性能和力学性能。样品经过热轧、抗菌热处理、冷轧、退火处理后,进行了抗菌试验、腐蚀试验等。试验结果表明,随着铜含量的增加,抗菌性逐渐提高;其耐点蚀性随着铜含量的增加呈提高的趋势;强度随着铜含量的增加先减后增,塑性先增后减。