Residual Stresses in the Core of an Amorphous Microwire

The distribution of residual stresses over the cross section of a microwire is determined analytically within the framework of the theory of thermoplastic relaxation that describes the processes of plastic relaxation inside the core of an amorphous microwire as well as the processes of magnetization and the phenomena of residual magnetization.     

预拉伸铝合金厚板内部残余应力分布测试研究

预拉伸铝合金厚板在航空领域中被广泛应用。在其加工过程中，内部初始残余应力所引起的变形是非常普遍和严重的问题。要减小残余应力对加工变形的影响，就必须测试板材内部残余应力的分布规律。笔者根据预拉伸铝合金厚板的特点，运用弹性力学理论推导出厚板内部残余应力测量的改进剥层应变法，用此方法测量了预拉伸铝合金厚板2D70T351沿厚度方向的残余应力分布，并对测试结果进行了分析。结果表明，文章推导出的新方法测量厚板内部残余应力简单、精确，有很强的工程实用性。     

Residual Stresses Distribution through Thick HVOF Sprayed Inconel 718 Coatings

Residual stress buildup in thick thermal spray coatings is a property of concern. The adhesion of these coatings to the substrate is influenced by residual stresses that are generated during the coating deposition process. In the HVOF spray process, significant peening stresses are generated during the impact of semimolten particles on the substrate. The combination of these peening stresses together with quenching and thermal mismatch stresses that arise after deposition can be of significant importance. Both numerical method, i.e., Finite Element Method (FEM), and experimental methods, i.e., the Modified Layer Removal Method (MLRM) and Neutron Diffraction, to calculate peening and quenching stresses have been utilized in this work. The investigation was performed on thick Inconel 718 coatings on Inconel 718 substrates. Combined, these numerical and experimental techniques yield a deeper understanding of residual stress formation in the HVOF process and thus a tool for process optimization. The relationship between the stress state and deposit/substrate thickness ratio is given particular interest.     

FeCrAl合金基陶瓷涂层残余应力场的有限元分析

利用有限元方法,采用弹塑性理论对FeCrAl合金基陶瓷涂层中的应力场进行了数值模拟,得出了陶瓷涂层中应力σx(在x方向)、σy(在y方向)和τxy(x-y平面)的分布特征。研究表明在试样近边缘处涂层界面的残余拉应力σx和σy出现极大值,对于上部涂层分别为40和43.04MPa,对于侧面涂层分别为40.40和43.38MPa。涂层开裂或剥落最有可能从此处开启,然后在残余压应力σx(上部涂层)、σy(侧面涂层)和剪切应力τxy的作用下向试样中部涂层中扩展,从而导致涂层的保护功能失效。模拟结果与试样的抗热冲击试验获得较好吻合。     

大型冷轧辊机加工残余应力沿层深分布的测定

利用X射线应力分析法和电解剥层法测定了大型轧辊机加工后的残余应力沿层深分布,结果表明：选择较小的工艺参数时,磨削加工应力层为250－300um,车削加工应力层为800－900um,从而为测定冷轧辊在淬,回火后残余应力沿截面分布时,去除表面机加工应力层,减少X射线法的测量误差提供了科学依据。     

弹簧钢淬火残余应力模拟

对AISI 5160H弹簧钢圆柱试样在不同温度的25％水溶性聚(亚烷基)二醇UCONHT淬火液和Arco521淬火油中淬火产生的残余应力及畸变进行了对比性研究。试棒的直径分φ20．56mm(0．81 inches)和φ13．45mm(0．53 inches)两种。先用INC-PHATRAN代码计算出试样随时间变化的传热系数，并用ABAQUSA际准有限元软件估算热处理过程中的残余应力和畸变。在试样中心放置热电偶，测出冷却曲线，根据所测的冷却曲线，用INC-PHATRAN解决了伴随相变时的逆向热传导问题。试验了这两种淬火介质，力图将热处理畸变和开裂减少到最少,并得出了颇有价值的结论。     

Evaluation of Surface Residual Stresses in Friction Stir Welds Due to Laser and Shot Peening

The effects of laser, and shot peening on the residual stresses in friction stir welds (FSW) has been investigated. The surface residual stresses were measured at five different locations across the weld in order to produce an adequate residual stress profile. The residual stresses before and after sectioning the coupon from the welded plate were also measured, and the effect of coupon size on the residual stress relaxation was determined and characterized. Measurements indicate that residual stresses were not uniform along the welded plate, and large variation in stress magnitude could be exhibited at various locations along the FSW plate. Sectioning resulted in significant residual stress relaxation in the longitudinal direction attributed to the large change in dimensions in this direction. Overall, laser and shot peening resulted in a significant reduction in tensile residual stresses at the surface of the specimens.     

残余应力的测量与模拟分析方法

残余应力分析在失效分析中具有重要作用和地位,有时甚至可能是唯一可用的获取零件服役条件下应力状态的手段。残余应力的大小需要测量和/或模拟分析方可获得,阐述了残余应力的作用范围、测试分析方法,并分析了计算机模拟分析对于获得残余应力场形成与演化过程的重要性,指出加强残余应力研究对于失效分析的重要性,并提出建议。     

Analysis of Residual Stresses in High-Pressure Sheet Metal Forming

The further development of innovative forming processes like sheet metal hydroforming is only possible with the help of detailed knowledge about the workpiece properties and their formation depending on the particular process strategy. Up to now, the detailed understanding regarding the formation of residual stresses in hydroforming processes like the high-pressure sheet metal forming (HBU) is insufficient. Therefore, numerical (FEM) and experimental investigations on the residual stresses induced in HBU-formed workpieces have been carried out. The results show that a higher fluid pressure leads to significantly lower residual stresses in addition to an improved accuracy of form and dimensions.     

Strain Rate Dependency of Simulated Welding Residual Stresses

In the present work, the influence of taking into consideration the strain rate-dependent nature of steel S355 during a calculation of the welding residual stresses through a finite element simulation is investigated. The Perzyna material model is calibrated using experimental values found in the literature and is introduced to a validated weld simulation model, where the strain rate dependency had not been taken into consideration before this study. The calculated profiles of the welding residual stresses, for strain rate-dependent and independent behavior, are then compared with experimentally measured profiles. The results of this first-step analysis show that taking into consideration strain rate dependency during a welding simulation of the investigated S355 has non-negligible influence on the calculated welding residual stresses.     

Microstructure-Based Modeling of Residual Stresses in WC-12Co-Sprayed Coatings

In this study, the residual stresses in a thermal-sprayed tungsten carbide-cobalt coating are numerically investigated after a plasma-spraying process and after a subsequent roller-burnishing process. The results from the simulations are compared to the first experimental results obtained by a classical hole-drilling method. First, effective material parameters are identified by a detailed microstructure FE model based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the coating. Then, two types of simulations are performed with regard to thermally induced residual stresses as well as the rolling process. In the first model, the microstructural details like pores, interface, and surface roughness are modeled in detail based on light microscope (LM) images. In the second model, the coating and substrate are assumed to be ideal homogeneous, and the interface and surface to be as planar. Furthermore, two types of boundary conditions are investigated: (1), the periodic boundary conditions for the left and right faces, and, (2) when these faces are free. It is shown that, for large sample sizes, the results nearly coincide. The simulation results show increasing compressive residual stresses in thickness direction after the rolling process, which is in qualitative agreement with the experiment. A layer of tensile stresses is obtained at the surface in the simulation which could not be captured by the hole-drilling method. Furthermore, an investigation with homogeneous material behavior is performed in 3D.     

复合材料补片胶接补强铝合金板残余热应力研究

复合材料补片胶接技术是一种有效修复飞机受损铝合金构件的低成本方法。补片与铝合金材料热膨胀系数的显著差异，会在构件中引入残余热应力，对构件性能造成不利影响。文中采用单向碳/环氧复合材料补片对航空铝合金LY12CZ薄板进行单面补强，并通过确定应力释放温度测量了铝板及补片上的残余热应变。结果表明，对完好铝板而言，铝板和补片的残余热应变可分别达到－488 με和285 με；对于含中心裂纹铝板而言，裂纹长度对于残余热应变的影响较小。采用经典层合板理论和双金属片模型分别预测了复合材料补片及铝合金板在胶接面上的残余热应力。经典层合板理论对补片和完好铝板残余热应力的预测值分别为－79.8 MPa和50.8 MPa；双金属片模型的计算值偏大，分别为－98.4 MPa和64.6 MPa。     

复合材料补片胶接补强铝合金板残余热应力研究

复合材料补片胶接技术是一种有效修复飞机受损铝合金构件的低成本方法.补片与铝合金材料热膨胀系数的显著差异,会在构件中引入残余热应力,对构件性能造成不利影响.文中采用单向碳/环氧复合材料补片对航空铝合金LY12CZ薄板进行单面补强,并通过确定应力释放温度测量了铝板及补片上的残余热应变.结果表明,对完好铝板而言,铝板和补片的残余热应变可分别达到-488 με和285 με;对于含中心裂纹铝板而言,裂纹长度对于残余热应变的影响较小.采用经典层合板理论和双金属片模型分别预测了复合材料补片及铝合金板在胶接面上的残余热应力.经典层合板理论对补片和完好铝板残余热应力的预测值分别为-79.8 MPa和50.8 MPa;双金属片模型的计算值偏大,分别为-98.4 MPa和64.6 MPa.     

残余应力对W-Cu复合材料导热性能的影响

用熔渗法制备的W-Cu复合材料在小批量生产时，发现熔渗结束后样品的热导率数据分散不稳定，受熔渗时摆放位置的影响很大。将熔渗结束后的样品退火，采取不同的方式冷却。用X射线衍射法测量其残余应力，用热脉冲法测量其热导率，研究了残余应力对材料导热性能的影响。结果表明：随冷却速度的加快，残余应力值增大，热导率降低。钨和铜的热膨胀系数相差较大，从高温冷到室温时两相收缩程度不一样，冷却速度过快时，在界面处产生残余应力，使材料的热导率降低。分析了残余应力对材料导热性能的影响及机制。     

Al2O3陶瓷／Nb钎焊接头残余应力场的有限元分析

利用有限元法，采用弹塑性理论对Al2O3陶瓷／Nb接头的应力场进行了数值模拟。得出了接头部位应力σx，σy和τxy的分布状态，研究发现在当接头界面结合良好时在界面附近的陶瓷侧的残余主应力(σ1)出现极大值，裂纹最有可能从此处开启，然后在残余主应力(σ2)的作用下向陶瓷内部延伸。     

γ—TiAl基金属间化合物合金的显微组织与内应力研究

通过采用不同的热处理工艺,对锻造后的TiAl基金属间化合物进行热处理,得到了含有不同等轴γ及片层（γ α）体积比的双态组织,并采用X射线衍射技术对试样进行内应力测定。实验结果表明,TiAl基金属间化合物合金中的内应力随显微组织及α2的体积分数的变化而变化,并对实验结果及产生内应力的原因进行了分析。