Entrepreneurial migration and regional opportunities in developing countries

This paper aims to investigate the entrepreneurial migrants' preferences for a location for business activities in developing countries. In the modelling framework six socio-economic and six socio-cultural variables are used in this study to investigate the migrants' propensity to stay at a particular region. The empirical research was carried out in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It appears that the presence of a supporting informal network is the most critical factor that attracts and keeps the entrepreneurial migrants in a particular region. Socio-cultural variables like experience and education play a less significant role in the migrants' decision to stay in a given region. RID="*" ID="*" Kees Gorter passed away in October 2001.     

Recent migration patterns in the developed world: a clarification of some differences between our and IIASA's findings

The authors reply to critiques of their finding of a discontinuity in recent internal migration patterns in Europe, Japan, and North America (see 46: Title 2083). In the present article, they explain differences between their findings and those of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and clarify their own independent research on regional population change in those areas     

Long-term urban trends in developing countries: some further econometric results

"Urban trends in developing countries have been studied in broad terms only, which has led to improbable projections for the future. In this paper, a two-equation model has been drawn up and tested by advanced econometric methods to pinpoint the role of explanatory factors and to discover possible trend reversals. Results on both scores have been positive."     

Population redistribution towards core areas of less developed countries, 1950-1980

"This paper presents estimates of the rate of population redistribution to the core areas of 44 developing countries over the period 1950-80. Particular attention is given to the period 1970-80, a time during which the core areas of developed countries experienced substantial declines in their rates of net inmigration. The principal finding is that the core areas of most developing countries are still experiencing high and, in a number of cases, increasing rates of net inmigration." The author contends that "this finding confirms the developmental model of spatial concentration and dispersal and should lay to rest other explanations of deconcentration, including arguments that focus on diseconomies of absolute size in the core area or on fluctuations in the aggregate economy." The difference between the population growth rates of entire nations and of core areas is used as a measure of interregional migration. Data for the 44 countries and information on the data sources are included in appendixes.     

发达国家建筑节能的启示

建筑节能是当今世界最突出的科研课题之一。本文强调提高建筑节能的重要性,介绍发达国家的建筑节能经验,包括制订法律法规、建立评估体系、注意围护结构的保温隔热、重视开发利用可再生能源,并指出我国的建筑节能与发达国家的差距,明确了今后的努力方向。     

Industrialised building in developing countries

Planners often assume that industrialised building will quickly solve the massive urban housing problems of developing countries. But for the effort to succeed, careful thought must be given to the technical and production planning problems involved, as discussed here by a consulting engineer with the well-known Danish firm of Larsen & Nielsen International Ltd.     

Urban management in developing countries

This paper reviews current thinking about urban management in developing countries. It does so in the context of recent contributions to a debate on the nature of urban management (Stren, 1993, Cities 10 120–138; Mattingly, 1994, Cities 11(3) 201–205; Werna, 1995, Cities 12(5) 353–359). The paper therefore considers various definitions of the process. This is seen to focus on both the strategic and operational concerns of urban development. It considers the holistic characteristics. This embraces both city and institution building. The contribution of town planning is assessed. This is viewed as a disappointment, despite its potential relevance. The process of providing infrastructure is assessed. This requires all the players to participate, irrespective of organisational location. Integrating the organisational arrangements is therefore acknowledged. This helps to confound attempts to impose an idealised organisational model for urban management, emphasising instead inter-organisational arrangements and their unifying planning process. The wider aim to decentralise urban management is acknowledged. Hence, urban management should be driven by the lowest level of competent government. Urban management is therefore seen to have a twin objective: first, to plan for, provide and maintain a city's infrastructure and services, and second, to make sure that the city's government is in a fit state, organisationally and financially, to ensure that provision and maintenance.     

Water supply and drainage in developing countries

In a special research project, Eskil Olsson of the , Water Supply and Drainage Laboratory reviews the total water cycle concept for an Indian hand‐flush WC which can be upgraded to a cistern type.     

Utilities reforms and corruption in developing countries

This paper shows empirically that “privatization” in the energy, telecommunications, and water sectors, and the introduction of independent regulators in those sectors, have not always had the expected effects on access, affordability, or quality of services. It also shows that corruption leads to adjustments in the quantity, quality, and price of services consistent with the profit-maximizing behavior that one would expect from monopolies in the sector. Finally, our results suggest that privatization and the introduction of independent regulators have, at best, only partial effects on the consequences of corruption for access, affordability, and quality of utilities services.     

Water supply and drainage in developing countries

In a special research project, Eskil Olsson of the , Water Supply and Drainage Laboratory reviews the total water cycle concept for an Indian hand-flush WC which can be upgraded to a cistern type.     

Semi-prefabrication concrete techniques in developing countries

Providing housing to the general population at an affordable cost is a colossal task facing governments in developing countries. Through the adoption of semi-prefabrication techniques, concrete construction is reappraised for enhanced quality, economy and speed. This study involved identification of areas of optimization, design and analysis of model buildings. Outcomes indicate that semi-prefabrication concrete techniques are appropriate for achieving quality, economy and speed of construction. Fournir un logement a l ensemble de la population pour un cout abordable constitue une tache immense pour les gouvernements des pays en developpement. Les techniques de semi-prefabrication font de nouveau apprecier le beton, dont les qualites se sont ameliorees, pour son prix et sa vitesse de mise en oeuvre. Cette etude portait sur les elements pouvant etre optimises, sur la conception et sur l analyse de modeles de batiments. Les resultats laissent a penser que les techniques de semi-prefabrication permettent d atteindre les objectifs vises de qualite, de prix et de vitesse de construction.     

Natural resources and economic policy in developing countries

This paper argues for the need to design broad economic policy instruments to reverse the trend in many developing countries toward increasing degradation and destruction of natural resources. The natural resource base, often critical for economic development, is in many cases threatened by a rapid population growth, the effect of which is compounded by inadequately controlled land and water use.Policy interventions which have a pervasive effect must be established to influence the environmentally-related behavior of countless, relatively small-scale, resource-using activities which take place throughout a nation's economy. Natural resource management should thus become a standard element of macroeconomic and sector analysis, and the physical linkages between sectors need to be critically examined.Governments must overcome major institutional and political obstacles. New approaches, providing incentives and rewards to policy makers, must be developed to increase interagency cooperation while avoiding overlapping jurisdictions and to prevent vested interests from paralyzing new initiatives.The views expressed in this paper are those of the author, and should not be attributed to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to any individual acting on their behalf. The paper is an adaptation of one presented at the World Conservation Strategy Conference, Ottawa, June 1986. The author is indebted to many colleagues for advice and comments, including R. Ackermann, D. Anderson, N. Myers, D. Pearce, R. Repetto, G. Schramm and E. Schuh.     

发达国家生活饮用水的卫生管理

简述了生活饮用水卫生管理的现状及管理中存在的难题,讨论了鉴定饮用水水质好坏的法规及条例,从政府的卫生监督、经营者的监控管理两方面介绍了生活饮用水的管理模式,提出了卫生预防管理措施,最终保证用户的健康。     

发达国家应急管理法制研究

法律代表了一种制度化的安排与设计,是一个国家应急管理中最重要的内容之一。应急管理法制是开展安全生产应急管理工作的重要基础,已经受到世界各国的高度重视。相比较而言,发达国家的应急管理法制建     

欠发达地区村庄规划的反思和对策

自2005年十六届五中全会提出社会主义新农村建设的发展目标以来,各级政府全力为新农村建设制定政策,并付诸实践,本着“以农民为主体,解决农民最需要的生活生产需要”的原则为工作导向,在过去的新农村建设的探索过程里,有成功试点经验的获得,也有失败教训的总结,二者对今后的新农村建设不乏重要的指导意义。日前,温州市规划局召开了“温州市村庄规划设计论坛”,就温州市村庄规划编制和实施管理成果做了回顾交流,论坛的开展源于温州各级规划部门审时度势、很好地把握了新农村建设进程中不同时期的要务。"本刊特策划“温州市村庄规划设计论坛”栏目,遴选论坛优秀论文刊载,以期反映温州村庄规划的内涵与设计思想,以飨读者。