转基因食品安全性的探讨

转基因食品是指以转基因生物为食物或为原料加工生产的食品.本文通过对转基因食品现状的分析和讨论,指出对转基因食品的安全性的评估,必须从对人体健康的影响、对生态系统的影响以及对各国政治和经济关系的影响等方面综合考虑.同时,应制定相应的政策和管理措施,做到既以慎重的态度确保转基因食品的安全,又以积极的观念对待这一新生事物的发展,促进转基因技术的进步.使转基因技术在发展的同时能进一步造福人类.     

浅析转基因食品科普宣传形式的创新

转基因技术在粮食生产领域的应用,推动了转基因食品产业的快速发展。但是转基因食品的安全性仍存在争议。消费者需要有效的途径提高对转基因食品的认知。目前,转基因食品的科普宣传存在程度不深、进程较慢等问题。因此,需要对转基因食品科普宣传形式进行创新,促进科普宣传技术的更新,以及宣传方式的多元化发展,提高消费者对转基因食品的认知,为我国转基因食品的发展打好坚实的基础。     

转基因植物食品的检测策略

近年来 ,随着越来越多的转基因植物被批准商业化生产 ,由此衍生而来的转基因食品数量也迅速增加 ,引起了社会各界对转基因食品的广泛关注。为了消除消费者对转基因食品安全性的疑虑 ,保证转基因植物的健康发展 ,包括我国政府在内的世界上许多国家针对转基因食品的研究开发制定了严格的管理条例 ,转基因食品的标识制度是其中重要的一条。建立准确可靠的转基因食品鉴别技术是贯彻转基因食品标识制度的基础。本文在对转基因食品与传统食品的差异进行详细分析的基础上 ,讨论了鉴别转基因食品的一般策略 ,并对利用PCR技术鉴别转基因食品的基本原理及技术要点作了简要介绍     

解读WHO对转基因食品常见问题的说明

1.什么是转基因生物和转基因食品? 转基因生物可被定义为遗传物质通过非自然交配或非自然重组的方式发生改变的生物体(即植物、动物或微生物).这种技术通常称为“现代生物技术”或“基因技术”,有时也称为“重组DNA技术”或“基因工程”.通过这种技术可将选定的个体基因由一个生物体转移到另一个生物体,也可在不相关的物种之间进行转移.而转基因生物生产的食品一般称为转基因食品.     

转基因动物性食品研究进展

介绍了利用转基因技术制备转基因动物性食品,转基因动物性食品安全性评价原则遵循“实质等同性”原则;很多国家都制定了有关转基因的法规;在不同的国家,人们对转基因食品接受性存在较大差异;转基因动物性食品是食品科学发展的方向之一。     

加拿大转基因食品监管体系简介

转基因食品在加拿大属于新资源食品。加拿大没有针对转基因食品的专门立法和管理部门,对转基因食品的管理涉及多部法律规章和管理部门。加拿大政府转基因食品安全管理以产品本身为基础,而不涉及产品生产过程,主要体现在全面的上市前安全评估制度和食品标签制度和食品标签制度两个方面。转基因食品在加拿大进行商业化上市销售前需经过加拿大卫生部、环境部和渔业海洋部等部门严格的安全性评估过程,上市后接受加拿大卫生部和加拿大食品检验局通过食品标签制度管理。当某一转基因食品通过安全性评估上市销售后,加拿大政府对转基因食品的种植不作继续监管,并且对转基因食品的标签也没有强制要求,也没有明确的转基因成分含量限值。     

国内外转基因食品现状及其安全管理

综述了转基因食品的发展概况及其优点,对其安全评估及检测技术进行了讨论,并介绍了目前世界各国及有关组织对转基因食品的管理。     

国内外转基因食品现状其安全管理

综述了转基因食品的发展概况及其优点,对其安全评估及检测技术进行了讨论,并介绍了目前世界各国及有关组织对转基因食品的管理.     

我国转基因食品安全立法现状与不足的思考

<正>转基因技术在我国已经有二十多年的发展历史,但目前相关法律法规已经渐渐无法适应转基因食品在我国的发展。在我国现行的法律法规中,涉及转基因食品安全的法律法规只是散见于其他规章条例之中,且程序性规定较多,同时存在转基因食品标识范围过窄、缺乏统一检测与评估转基因含量的具体标准、信息公开制度不完善、缺乏完善的监管制度等问题。     

转基因动物及其食品安全性评估方法

转基因食品的安全性涉及到贸易壁垒和人体健康,本文从食品安全的内涵和外延出发,在实质等同性原则的基础上,重点论述了转基因动物及其遗传修饰的安全性评估方法,最终用于食品或食品加工的转基因动物安全性评估方法,以及在转基因过程中可能会出现的非预期效应的安全性评估方法,系统的描述了转基因动物及其食品安全性评估框架,以便为我国的转基因动物安全性评估和政府监管提供参考。     

转基因食品成分分析检测技术研究进展

随着转基因研发技术的快速发展及在农业领域产业化应用的不断推进,抗逆、抗病和高产优质的转基因(genetically modified,GM)作物品种日渐增多。但转基因食品(genetically modified food,GMF)在带来极大经济效益同时,其安全性也备受争议。因此,世界各国不断建立和完善GM产品标识制度,有些国家甚至规定了转基因成分(genetically modified ingredients,GMIs)具体阈值限量。为更好地对GMF安全性提供评价,识别和量化转基因成分(GMIs)检测技术的持续创新与发展尤为重要。本文从基于外源核酸水平的检测技术和基于外源蛋白的检测技术两个方面,系统介绍了定性PCR技术、定量PCR技术、等温扩增技术、基因组测序技术、酶联免疫吸附技术、免疫层析试纸条技术以及较新的CRISPR/Cas核酸检测技术等重要技术的原理、应用情况和研究进展,并总结分析各转基因食品成分检测技术的优缺点和亟需解决的难点问题,以期为促进GMF快速、准确及高通量检测技术发展,为确保我国GMF安全的高效准确的监督提供有效支撑。     

Effects of labeling a product eco-friendly and genetically modified: A cross-cultural comparison for estimates of taste,willingness to pay and health consequences

As the demand for eco-friendly food—produced without pesticides and environmentally harmful chemicals—increases, the need to develop genetically modified (GM) organisms that are more resistant to parasites and other environmental crop threats may increase. Because of this, products labeled both “eco-friendly” and “genetically modified” could become commonly available on the market. In this paper, we explore—in a Swedish and a UK sample—the consequences of combining eco-labeling and GM-labeling to judgments of taste, health consequences and willingness to pay for raisins. Participants tasted and evaluated four categories of raisins (eco-labeled and GM-labeled; eco-labeled; GM-labeled; and neither eco-labeled nor GM-labeled). The results suggest that there is a cost associated with adding a GM-label to an eco-labeled product: The GM-label removes the psychological benefits of the eco-label. This negative effect of the GM-label was larger among Swedish participants in comparison with UK participants, because the magnitude of the positive effect of the eco-label was larger in the Swedish sample and, hence, the negative effects of the GM-label became more pronounced (especially for health estimates). The roles of individual differences in attitudes, environmental concern and socially desirable responding in relation to the label effects are discussed.     

The consumer’s attitude toward genetically modified foods in Taiwan

The present study examines the factors that have influences upon benefit and risk perceptions of applying gene technology to food production, perceptions that may in turn determine the consumer’s attitude toward genetically modified (GM) foods in Taiwan. Results of structural equation modeling analysis give evidence that general attitude toward and trust in institutes and scientists performing gene manipulation have positive impacts on the perceived benefits, but knowledge has negative impacts on the perceived risks of applying gene technology to produce food products. The consumer’s attitude toward GM foods is mainly determined by the consumer’s benefit perception. Recommendations for regulating agencies and related industries in the GM food area and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

转基因食品及其安全性评价

随着我国转基因农作物进口数量不断增加,以转基因农作物为原料的食品在市场上所占有份额逐渐增大,转基因食品安全性越来越受到人们关注;本文综述转基因食品发展现状、安全性评价、营养问题及各国政府对于转基因食品采取的管理措施和标识管理,并对转基因食品发展前景进行展望。     

Genetically Modified (GM) Foods and Ethical Eating

The ability to manipulate and customize the genetic code of living organisms has brought forth the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and consumption of genetically modified (GM) foods. The potential for GM foods to improve the efficiency of food production, increase customer satisfaction, and provide potential health benefits has contributed to the rapid incorporation of GM foods into the American diet. However, GM foods and GMOs are also a topic of ethical debate. The use of GM foods and GM technology is surrounded by ethical concerns and situational judgment, and should ideally adhere to the ethical standards placed upon food and nutrition professionals, such as: beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice and autonomy. The future of GM foods involves many aspects and trends, including enhanced nutritional value in foods, strict labeling laws, and potential beneficial economic conditions in developing nations. This paper briefly reviews the origin and background of GM foods, while delving thoroughly into 3 areas: (1) GMO labeling, (2) ethical concerns, and (3) health and industry applications. This paper also examines the relationship between the various applications of GM foods and their corresponding ethical issues. Ethical concerns were evaluated in the context of the code of ethics developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) that govern the work of food and nutrition professionals. Overall, there is a need to stay vigilant about the many ethical implications of producing and consuming GM foods and GMOs.     

Recent Advances in Microalgal Bioactives for Food,Feed, and Healthcare Products: Commercial Potential,Market Space,and Sustainability

To combat food scarcity as well as to ensure nutritional food supply for sustainable living of increasing population, microalgae are considered as innovative sources for adequate nutrition. Currently, the dried biomass, various carotenoids, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, omega fatty acids, and enzymes are being used as food additives, food coloring agents, and food supplements. Apart from nutritional importance, microalgae are finding the place in the market as “functional foods.” When compared to the total market size of food and feed products derived from all the possible sources, the market portfolio of microalgae‐based products is still smaller, but increasing steadily. On the other hand, the genetic modification of microalgae for enhanced production of commercially important metabolites holds a great potential. However, the success of commercial application of genetically modified (GM) algae will be defined by their safety to human health and environment. In view of this, the present study attempts to highlight the industrially important microalgal metabolites, their production, and application in food, feed, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. The current and future market trends for microalgal products have been thoroughly discussed. Importantly, the safety pertaining to microalgae cultivation and consumption, and regulatory issues for GM microalgae have also been covered.     

植物源高营养型转基因食品的研究进展

近年来植物源的高营养型转基因食品成为转基因技术研究的热点,旨在为消费者提供更富营养、高生物利用率及低致敏性的营养食品,为人类健康造福。本文对植物源高营养型转基因食品的发展现状、安全性问题进行了综述,并就我国转基因食品的发展进行了展望。     

我国转基因食品追溯制度构建的法理基础与现实路径

本文基于国际贸易市场上转基因食品强制标识的现实情况,分析建立转基因食品风险追溯制度的必要性,进而提出建立转基因食品风险追溯制度的法理基础.在深入剖析欧盟转基因食品风险追溯制度的基础上,总结我国可借鉴的现实经验,最终落脚到我国现有食品追溯平台建设,力求结合国务院提出建设食品追溯平台的要求,基于转基因食品风险追溯的特点,建...     

世界各国对转基因食品的态度和管理

本文简述了转基因食品的概念、种类、安全性和目前的生产现状,重点介绍了世界各国对转基因食品的态度和管理情况。     

GM food and neophobia: connecting with the gatekeepers of consumer choice

Resistance to importation of genetically modified (GM) foods in rich countries has deterred governments in many food‐exporting countries from approving the planting of GM food crops for fear of damaging export markets for conventional food. Apart from governments that have actively imposed barriers to entry, another level of resistance can arise from food distribution channel members deciding not to import foods which they believe consumers in their markets will not want. GM foods fall in this category in some markets, particularly in Europe. In China and India, the two most populous consumer markets, pragmatic considerations appear likely to overcome neophobia regarding this technology, provided that benefits are adequately communicated to consumers. Choice‐modelling experiments show that the same may well be true in Europe. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry