BST类铁电薄膜的最低晶化温度和自装生长研究

利用激光分子束外延技术(LMBE)在Si(111)、SrTiO3(100)单晶基片上在(10-5pa)高真空环境中外延生长SrTiO3(STO)、BaTiO3(BTO)、Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)铁电薄膜.通过反射高能电子衍射(RHEED)实时监测薄膜生长,并结合原子力显微镜(AFM)分析薄膜的生长模式.根据RHEED衍射强度振荡曲线及衍射图样的变化确定动态和静态最低晶化温度,发现STO、BTO、BST三种铁电薄膜可以分别在280℃、330℃、340℃的低温下实现外延层状生长.当保持BTO(110)/Si(111)层状生长,逐渐降低沉积速率时,发现这种层状模式中每层高度是由整数倍单胞堆积而成,并且随着沉积速率从0.017nm/s降低到0.005nm/s时,每层高度由9降低到1个BTO单胞构成,这对由ABO3钙钛矿材料自组装形成纳米结构具有重要意义.     

钙钛矿型氧化物SrTiO3/BaTiO3多层膜的激光分子束外延生长研究

用激光分子束外延技术在SrTiO3(001)衬底上外延生长SrTiO3/BaTiO3多层膜,通过反射式高能电子衍射(RHEED)原位实时监测并结合原子力显微镜(AFM),研究了不同基片温度下所生长薄膜的表面平整度,利用X射线衍射(XRD)对外延薄膜进行了结构分析,结果表明薄膜具有二维生长模式,在基片温度为380～470℃之间生长的薄膜具有原子级光滑,并且具有完全C轴取向.同时运用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了薄膜界面的互扩散,结果表明降低制备薄膜时的基片温度有利于减少互扩散.     

基片温度对反应射频磁控溅射法制备掺杂CeO2电解质薄膜的影响

利用Gd/Ce镶嵌复合靶、采用反应射频磁控溅射技术制备了Gd2O3掺杂CeO2(GDC)氧离子导体电解质薄膜,重点探讨了基片温度对薄膜物相结构、沉积速率及生长形貌的影响.分析结果表明,不同温度下制备的薄膜中,立方面心结构GDC固溶体相占主导,同时存在少量体心立方结构Gd2O3中间相;GDC薄膜的生长取向随基片温度而变化,200℃时,无择优取向,500℃时薄膜呈现(220)织构,700℃则为(111)择优取向;薄膜沉积速率随基片温度呈阶段性规律变化,(220)方向择优生长越显著,沉积速率越高,薄膜粗糙度越大;AFM分析表明,薄膜为岛状生长,随温度升高,表面生长岛尺寸增大,岛密度变小.     

基于H—Si（100）表面上原子层沉积Al2O3的仿真研究

通过对原子层沉积过程的计算机仿真,分析不同沉积条件对沉积过程的影响.以H-Si(100)表面原子层沉积Al2O3的过程为基础,通过分析基片上不同表面功能团之间的相互作用,将整个沉积过程分为初始沉积和后续生长两个阶段.基于不同的阶段建立相应的前驱体到达事件模型、反应事件模型以及表面解吸事件模型.采用动力学晶格蒙特卡罗方法实现这一沉积过程的仿真.实现了不同温度、不同真空条件下Al2O3的原子层沉积仿真.结果表明:在一定的范围内,前驱体或基片的温度高,反应室真空度低,薄膜生长速率的增长快,表面粗糙度小;基片温度对于薄膜沉积过程的影响最大,其阈值约为200℃.而且薄膜的生长趋势由初始的三维岛状生长向二维层状生长逐渐转变.     

BaTiO3/CoFe2O4/BaTiO3复合磁电薄膜生长及应力研究

用激光分子束外延（LMBE）设备,在SrTiO3（001）基片上外延生长BaTiO3/CoFe2O4/BaTiO3多层复合磁电薄膜结构。通过反射式高能电子衍射（RHEED）对薄膜生长过程进行原位监测,结果显示,随着CoFe2O4厚度的增加薄膜内应力逐渐被释放,并且应力释放的过程导致了薄膜生长模式的变化。高分辨X射线衍射（XRD）发现,随着CoFe2O4厚度的增加,CoFe2O4对BaTiO3薄膜的张应力逐渐增大,BaTiO3晶胞的c轴晶格常数逐渐变小。理论计算给出了BaTiO3面外晶格常数c随CoFe2O4沉积时间的变化规律。原子力显微镜（AFM）对表面形貌进行表征,进一步证明了复合薄膜生长模式的变化。     

脉冲激光沉积c轴取向BiCuSeO外延薄膜及其热电性能

利用脉冲激光沉积技术在SrTiO3单晶基片上制备了BiCuSeO薄膜并详细研究了沉积温度对薄膜晶体结构、微观形貌及热电输运性能的影响。在最佳沉积温度(330℃)下,所制备的BiCuSeO薄膜不含任何杂相且沿c轴取向外延生长,与基片的外延关系为[010]SrTiO3∥[010]BiCuSeO和[001]SrTiO3∥[100]BiCuSeO。电学性能测试表明该薄膜在20～350 K内均表现出金属导电特性,室温电阻率仅为12.5 mΩ·cm,远低于相应的多晶块体材料。计算所得的室温功率因子PF约为3.3μW·cm-1·K-2,高于相应的多晶块体材料,表明c轴取向BiCuSeO外延薄膜在薄膜热电器件领域具有重要的应用前景。     

超高真空中SrTiO3薄膜同质外延生长的过程研究

在超高真空下利用激光分子束外延(LMBE)方法基于SrTiO3(100)单晶基片同质外延SrTiO3薄膜.通过反射式高能电子衍射(RHEED)对生长过程进行原位监测,发现对基片的预热处理明显有利于改善其晶面结构,当在其上同质外延SrTiO3薄膜时,容易实现单晶层状生长模式,并得到原子级平整度的铁电薄膜.     

激光脉冲外延生长Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3薄膜及其特性研究

利用激光脉冲法在LaAlO3衬底上沉积制备LaNiO3薄膜作为底电极并外延生长(100) Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3铁电薄膜,系统研究了生长温度对PZT外延结构和电学特性的影响.研究发现当生长温度高于550℃时即可得到外延(100)PZT薄膜.在对所制备的PZT薄膜的结构和性能测试表明,650℃下生长的PZT薄膜外延性最佳,并且表现出优异的介电和铁电性能,介电常数ε、剩余极化Pr和矫顽场Ec分别为900、26.5 μC/cm2和52.1kV/cm.试验还证实这种外延PZT薄膜具有优良的抗疲劳特性,可用于铁电存储器的制备中去.     

BST类铁电薄膜低温外延层状生长研究

利用激光分子束外延技术(LMBE)在SrTiO₃(100)单晶基片上外延生长SrTiO₃(STO)、BaTiO₃(BTO)、Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃(BST)铁电薄膜.通过反射高能电子衍射(RHEED)实时监测薄膜生长,并结合原子力显微镜(AFM)分析薄膜的生长模式,根据RHEED衍射强度振荡曲线及衍射图样的变化确定动态和静态控制最低晶化温度,发现STO、BTO、BST三种铁电薄膜可以分别在280、330、340℃的低温下实现外延层状生长.     

异质外延MgO/SrTiO3薄膜中界面应力研究

本文利用激光分子束外延(LMBE)技术在SrTiO3(100)单晶基片上外延生长MgO薄膜，同时又在MgO(100)单晶基片上外延生长SiO3(STO)薄膜。通过反射高能电子衍射(RHEED)仪原位实时监测薄膜生长，研究薄膜的生长过程。并结合X射线衍射(XRD)仪来分析在不同的生长条件下，不同应力对薄膜外延生长的影响。在压应力情况下，MgO薄膜在STO基片上以单个晶胞叠层的方式生长，即以“Cubicon Cubic”方式进行外延；在张应力情况下，由于膜内位错较多，STO薄膜在MgO基片上以晶胞镶嵌的方式进行生长，即以“Mosaic”结构进行外延；提高生长温度，可以减少膜内位错，提高外延质量，使STO薄膜在MgO基片上以较好的层状方式外延生长。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.