RAC材料应用现状及研究进展

介绍了建筑废弃物定义、时代特征以及再生骨料混凝土的应用现状;通过评析再生骨料特性探讨了再生骨料的引入对混凝土材料基本力学性能、干缩性能的影响;并在总结再生骨料混凝土国内外研究现状的基础上指出,再生骨料混凝土未来研究重点应该还是主要攻克建筑废弃物循环利用的技术难题和继续研究再生骨料微观结构对再生骨料混凝土性能的影响。     

多因素对再生复合掺料基地聚物混凝土抗压强度的影响

大量的建筑废弃物给环境带来了严重负担,本工作利用建筑废弃物制备而成的再生复合掺料替代地聚物混凝土中的粉煤灰,以实现建筑废弃物的再生利用.试验研究了养护条件、氢氧化钠浓度以及再生复合掺料替代率对再生复合掺料基地聚物混凝土抗压强度的影响,并利用SEM对混凝土微观形貌进行对比分析.研究结果表明,再生复合掺料对地聚物混凝土的和易性有不利影响,但与基准混凝土相比,替代率为20％～60％(质量分数,下同)的再生复合掺料基地聚物混凝土的抗压强度有所提高.高温养护能提高混凝土的抗压强度,与常温养护相比,3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度分别平均提高了198.5％、104.0％和52.6％.氢氧化钠浓度对不同替代率的再生复合掺料基地聚物混凝土的影响不同,在低替代率(0％～40％)时,混凝土抗压强度随氢氧化钠浓度的增加而增加;在高替代率(60％～100％)时,混凝土抗压强度随氢氧化钠浓度的增加先增加后降低.因此再生复合掺料应用于地聚物混凝土中部分替代粉煤灰是可行的.     

混凝土再生利用的技术探讨

目前我国的建筑混凝土使用量巨大,拆除的废旧建筑物中,混凝土所占比重在40%左右,这些废料不仅污染环境还造成资源的浪费。为贯彻可持续发展观,推行节能减排,低碳环保。针对这一弊端混凝土再生利用技术应运而生,并且其发展前景十分可观,本文主要对混凝土再生技术进行论述。     

再生骨料强化方法研究进展

再生骨料混凝土作为新型环保材料,满足节约资源和能源、减少环境污染以及可持续发展战略的要求,是绿色混凝土的主要研究方向和推广方向.再生骨料表面附着老水泥砂浆,表面粗糙、棱角多,并含有大量孔洞以及二次破碎过程产生的微裂纹,与天然骨料相比,再生骨料存在密度低、吸水率大、压碎指标大、坚固性差、离散性大等不足,且再生骨料与其表面附着砂浆间存在薄弱界面区,使再生骨料混凝土的性能受到影响、工程应用受到限制.因此,提高再生骨料性能是再生骨料混凝土研究中的关键问题之一.传统提高再生骨料混凝土性能的方法主要聚焦在混凝土拌和阶段,通过改善拌和方法、加入矿物掺合料、优化混凝土配合比设计,或通过优化再生骨料级配、降低再生骨料取代率,以弱化再生骨料对再生骨料混凝土性能的不利影响,但本质上并未改善再生骨料的缺陷.而对再生骨料进行强化处理可改善再生骨料的性能.现有再生骨料强化方法主要从再生骨料表面附着砂浆着手,通过物理、化学或生物方法去除老砂浆或增强老砂浆来提高再生骨料的性能,如机械研磨、火山灰质浆液浸泡、纳米材料改性、二氧化碳强化法等.此外,通过骨料重组法对再生骨料成分进行分类、重组,也可在一定程度上提高再生骨料性能,进而达到改善再生骨料混凝土性能的目的.本文总结了国内外已有再生骨料强化方法的研究进展,分别介绍了去除老砂浆、增强老砂浆、骨料重组三类再生骨料强化方法及其作用机理,总结分析了再生骨料强化方法的强化效果,提出进一步研究再生骨料强化的方向.     

饱和钢纤维再生混凝土氯离子扩散特性研究

利用废弃骨料制作再生混凝土是建筑固废弃物的再生资源利用途径之一,其在氯盐侵蚀环境条件下的耐久性规律与普通混凝土不同。本文以模拟海洋侵蚀环境,通过改变水灰比及NaCl溶液浓度,分析各因素对钢纤维再生混凝土氯离子扩散行为的影响规律。结果表明:浸泡液浓度越大,进入混凝土内部的氯离子越多,随着深度的增加氯离子含量逐渐减少;较低的水灰比与适量钢纤维的掺入均可以有效降低氯离子扩散系数,提升钢纤维再生混凝土的抗氯盐侵蚀能力;氯离子扩散系数随着NaCl溶液浓度的增加而增大。     

四川：首创再生沥青混凝土技术首次实验推广成功

为了减少废弃物对土地污染,消除公路建筑材料浪费。大竹县积极探索道路养护材料再生利用新技术、新工艺,大竹县养路段与四川攀甬路桥集团公司合作,引进沥青混凝土再生设备,变废为宝,经过近半年的生产、试用和质量抽检,各项再生混凝土各项技术指标均达到《公路沥青路面再生技术规范》标准,目前正式成功推广,这也是全省首家再生沥青混凝土企业掌握此项技术。     

浅谈日欧生态水泥混凝土材料与技术——访日技术交流

摘要：生态混凝土是减轻地球环境负荷、与生态体系协调发展、创造舒适生活环境的混凝土材料。二战结束后,日本和德国等国对废弃混凝土进行了开发研究和再生利用,提出混凝土必须生态化、绿色化,同时开始利用废弃混凝土做骨料生产再生混凝土,并对其强度、耐久性、经济性等进行了研究。近年来我国也已经意识到生态水泥混凝土材料和技术是今后水泥混凝土行业发展的大趋势,这样才能使水泥混凝土行业走向可持续发展的道路。     

基于多尺度分析的再生混凝土有效氯离子扩散系数预测

将再生混凝土视为由砂浆相、再生骨料相和二者砂浆之间的界面过渡区相(ITZ-2)组成的非均质复合材料，其中砂浆相由细骨料、细骨料-新砂浆界面过渡区(ITZ-1)、硬化水泥浆体三相组成，而再生骨料相由旧骨料、附着砂浆及旧骨料与旧砂浆的界面(ITZ-3)三相组成。基于N层球夹杂理论，考虑微观相的影响，建立了再生混凝土有效氯离子扩散系数预测的五相多尺度模型，通过硬化水泥浆体、砂浆和再生混凝土的稳态扩散系数实测值与模型预测值对比分析，验证其模型的准确性和有效性；最后，进一步讨论了氯离子侵蚀时间、再生骨料体积分数和附着砂浆含量等关键参数对其有效扩散系数的影响。结果表明：有效扩散系数预测值与试验值吻合较好，说明模型对预测再生混凝土的有效氯离子扩散系数具有普适性，为氯盐环境下再生混凝土耐久性评估与寿命预测提供理论依据。     

再生混凝土力学性能的研究进展

再生混凝土的应用,不仅能够解决废弃混凝土处理问题;又能降低因资源过度开采所引起的生态环境破坏,因而具有广阔的发展前景。相比于普通混凝土,再生混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量以及抗疲劳性能较低,主要与再生骨料多方面因素的影响有关。对近年来再生混凝土力学性能相关研究进展进行了综述,再生骨料总吸水率是降低抗压强度的主要原因,疲劳性能则主要与再生骨料取代率和附着砂浆含量有关。在再生混凝土中掺加矿物掺合料能够改善新、旧双界面从而提高抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度,掌握多个因素的影响和作用对再生骨料和再生混凝土进一步研究和应用具有重要意义。     

废弃混凝土再生利用技术的研究进展

废弃混凝土再生利用对于保护环境、减少资源与能源浪费以及实现可持续发展具有重要意义。从混凝土再生骨料对混凝土性能的影响、混凝土再生骨料的应用、提高再生混凝土性能的方法3个方面介绍了目前国内外废弃混凝土再生利用技术的研究现状。指出除了进一步加大相关试验及基础理论研究外,国家以及相关机构还应在政策、资金等方面进行支持,并建立废弃混凝土再利用的具体实施标准、规范等,最终实现废弃混凝土"零排放"。     

Influence of recycled aggregate on slump and bleeding of fresh concrete

The recycling of construction and demolition (C&;D) waste as a source of aggregates for the production of new concrete has attracted increasing interests from the construction industry. While the environmental benefits of using recycled aggregates are well accepted, some unsolved problems prevent this type of material from wide application in structural concrete. One of the major problems with the use of recycled aggregates in structural concrete is their high water absorption capacity which leads to difficulties in controlling the properties of fresh concrete and consequently influences the strength and durability of hardened concrete. This paper presents an experimental study on the properties of fresh concrete prepared with recycled aggregates. Concrete mixes with a target compressive strength of 35 MPa are prepared with the use of recycled aggregates at the levels from 0 to 100% of the total coarse aggregate. The influence of recycled aggregate on the slump and bleeding are investigated. The effect of delaying the starting time of bleeding tests and the effect of using fly ash on the bleeding of concrete are explored.     

Properties of architectural mortar prepared with recycled glass with different particle sizes

The recycling of glass waste as a source of aggregate for the production of concrete products has attracted increasing interest from the construction industry. However, the use of recycled glass in architectural mortar is still limited. This study attempts to develop a self-compacting based architectural mortar using white cement and 100% recycled blue glass as key ingredients. To improve the aesthetic qualities, a certain minimum quantity of glass cullets of larger particle size must be present. The influence of particle size of the recycled glass on the engineering properties of fresh and hardened architectural mortar is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that it is feasible to utilize 100% recycled glass as the aggregate for the production of self-compacting based architectural mortar. These products have an average compressive strength of 40 MPa and flexural strength of 6 MPa at 28 days which are appropriate for some architectural and building applications. Also, the overall performances of all the architectural mortars prepared with different particle sizes of glass aggregates are comparable to those of control mortar mix prepared with river sand.     

Structural concrete with incorporation of coarse recycled concrete and ceramic aggregates: durability performance

The growing difficulty in obtaining natural coarse aggregates (NCA) for the production of concrete, associated to the environmental issues and social costs that the uncontrolled extraction of natural aggregates creates, led to a search for feasible alternatives. One of the possible paths is to reuse construction and demolition waste (CDW) as aggregates to incorporate into the production of new concrete. Therefore, a vast and detailed experimental campaign was implemented at Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), which aimed at determining the viability of incorporating coarse aggregates from concrete and ceramic brick wall debris, in the production of a new concrete, with properties acceptable for its use in new reinforced and pre-stressed structures. In the experimental campaign different compositions were studied by incorporating pre-determined percentages of recycled coarse concrete aggregates and recycled coarse ceramic plus mortar particles, and the main mechanical, deformability and durability properties were quantified, by comparison with a conventional reference concrete (RC). In this article, these results are presented in terms of the durability performance of concrete, namely water absorption, carbonation and chlorides penetration resistance.     

Recycled aggregate concrete as structural material

The use of recycled aggregates in concrete opens a whole new range of possibilities in the reuse of materials in the building industry. The utilisation of recycled aggregates is a good solution to the problem of an excess of waste material, provided that the desired final product quality is reached. The studies on the use of recycled aggregates have been going on for 50 years. In fact, none of the results showed that recycled aggregates are unsuitable for structural use. However, some hypothetical problems related to durability aspects resulted in recycled aggregates being employed practically only as base filler for road construction. This paper focuses on the possibility of the use of recycled aggregate concrete as a structural material. For that purpose an experimental study of the shear behaviour and strength of beams made with recycled aggregate concrete was studied. Twelve beam specimens with the same compression strength, four concrete mixtures using different percentages of recycled coarse aggregates (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and three different transverse reinforcement arrangements were cast and tested up to failure. Analytical predictions of the experimental results were carried out using a numerical model based on the modified compression field theory and simplified models such as those proposed by Cladera & Mari, the Canadian standard CSA and the Eurocode-2. The results obtained indicate that a substitution of less than 25% of coarse aggregate, scarcely affects the shear capacity of RC beams, provided that all measures related to dosage and durability aspects have been adopted.     

An overview of mechanical properties and durability of glass-fibre reinforced recycled mixed plastic waste composites

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in seeking the potential applications of recycled mixed plastic wastes in building and construction sectors to relieve the pressure on landfills. This paper presents the recent developments and applications of composite materials made from recycled mixed plastics and glass fibre. Some of the first uses for such composites are as an alternative to non-load bearing applications like park benches and picnic tables. With its inherent resistance to rot and insect attack, these composites can in fact be used as a replacement for chemically treated woods in various larger-scale outdoor applications such as railroad crossties and bridges. However, the properties of the structural components made from recycled mixed plastics are not well understood. Information on the behaviour of such composites under applied loading and at different environmental conditions such as elevated temperature and ultraviolet rays are crucial for the utilisation of recycled mixed plastic materials in construction. This paper presents an overview of the mechanical properties and durability of recycled mixed plastic waste composites. The paper identifies research needs critical in the effective design and utilisation of these composite materials in civil engineering and construction.     

Compressive stress–strain behavior of steel fiber reinforced-recycled aggregate concrete

The use of recycled aggregate from construction and demolition waste (CDW) as replacement of fine and coarse natural aggregate has increased in recent years in order to reduce the high consumption of natural resources by the civil construction sector. In this work, an experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the influence of steel fiber reinforcement on the stress–strain behavior of concrete made with CDW aggregates. In addition, the flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of the mixtures were also determined. Natural coarse and fine aggregates were replaced by recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and recycled fine aggregate (RFA) at two levels, 0% and 25%, by volume. Hooked end steel fibers with 35 mm of length and aspect ratio of 65 were used as reinforcement in a volume fraction of 0.75%. The research results show that the addition of steel fiber and recycled aggregate increased the mechanical strength and modified the fracture process relative to that of the reference concrete. The stress–strain behavior of recycled aggregate concrete was affected by the recycled aggregate and presented a more brittle behavior than the reference one. With the addition of steel fiber the toughness, measured by the slope of the descending branch of the stress–strain curve, of the recycled concretes was increased and their behavior under compression becomes similar to that of the fiber-reinforced natural aggregate concrete.     

Short and long-term behavior of structural concrete with recycled concrete aggregate

Recycling concrete construction waste is a promising way towards sustainable construction. Coarse recycled concrete aggregates have been widely studied in recent years, however only few data have been reported on the use of fine recycled aggregates. Moreover, a lack of reliable data on long-term properties of recycled aggregate concrete has to be pointed out.In this paper the effects of both fine and coarse recycled concrete aggregates on short and long-term mechanical and physical properties of new structural concrete are investigated. The studied concrete mixes have been designed by adjusting and selecting the content and grain size distribution of concrete waste with the goal to obtain medium–high compressive strength with high content of recycled aggregates (ranging from 27% to 63.5% of total amount of aggregates).Time-dependent properties, such as shrinkage and creep, combined with porosity measurements and mechanical investigations are reported as fundamental features to assess structural concrete behavior.     

Carbonation behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete

This paper reviews the effect of incorporating recycled aggregates, sourced from construction and demolition waste, on the carbonation behaviour of concrete. It identifies various influencing aspects related to the use of recycled aggregates, such as replacement level, size and origin, as well as the influence of curing conditions, use of chemical admixtures and additions, on carbonation over a long period of time. A statistical analysis on the effect of introducing increasing amounts of recycled aggregates on the carbonation depth and coefficient of accelerated carbonation is presented. This paper also presents the use of existing methodologies to estimate the required accelerated carbonation resistance of a reinforced recycled aggregate concrete exposed to natural carbonation conditions with the use of accelerated carbonation tests. Results show clear increasing carbonation depths with increasing replacement levels when recycled aggregate concrete mixes are made with a similar mix design to that of the control natural aggregate concrete. The relationship between the compressive strength and coefficients of accelerated carbonation is similar between the control concrete and the recycled aggregate concrete mixes.     

Performance of mortar prepared with recycled concrete aggregate enhanced by CO2 and pozzolan slurry

One of the most promising strategies to manage the large volume of construction and demolition (C&D) waste is recycling and utilizing it for the production of new concrete. However, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) derived from C&D waste possesses relatively higher porosity and water absorption capability, which often limits its wild utilization. In this study, pozzolan slurry (includes silica fume, nano-SiO₂, and fly ash slurries) and CO₂ treatments as enhancement methods for RCA were investigated. Test results showed that CO₂ treatment was more effective in reducing water absorption and enhancing fluidity, whereas pozzolan slurry treatment could decrease fluidity. Mortars prepared with treated RCA exhibited better mechanical strength and higher resistance towards carbonation and chloride-ion diffusion than those with untreated RCA. Both pozzolan slurry and CO₂ treatments enhanced not only the properties of RCA, but also the old and new interfacial transition zones (ITZs) as demonstrated in the measured micro-hardness and SEM observation.