基于图像处理的刀具角度测量系统

针对加工过程中刀具磨损会影响零件加工精度的问题,利用图像处理技术实现了刀具角度的测量,以达到对刀具磨损情况进行动态跟踪的目的。以Matlab软件作为图像处理平台,通过图像灰度转换、二值化、边缘提取等技术手段,获得了刀具边缘轮廓,进一步用最小二乘法将轮廓拟合,最终求出了刀具角度。实验结果表明,该方法能较好地测量刀具角度,也可用于刀具几何参数的测试。     

基于MATLAB的刀具角度测量北大核心

采用MATLAB图像处理技术,通过图像二值化、中值滤波、边缘检测等方法获得刀具轮廓,并应用曲线拟合方法对轮廓边界进行拟合,通过分析拟合直线刃的斜率,计算得出刀具角度值。实验结果表明,利用MATLAB检测刀具角度,不仅测量误差小,检测效率高,而且适应性广泛,可实现对高精度和微小刀具几何参数的测量。     

基于图像处理的刀具几何参数测量技术研究

采用图像预处理和边缘检测等图像处理技术自动测量刀具的长度、直径、圆角半径和两个刀刃的角度,利用Delphi平台上开发的基于图像处理的测量软件可以在瞬间检测出刀具几何参数,实现了刀具几何参数测量的自动化。针对刀具的边缘轮廓形状特征,运用了二值化、中值滤波、边缘检测、轮廓提取和参数提取等图像处理技术。使用高分辨率CCD摄像设备并配备光学放大系统,可实现对高精度和微小刀具几何尺寸参数的测量。满足刀具测量的精度高、自动化程度高、重复性好等要求。     

数控车削凸轮时实现刀具角度实时控制的摆动刀架设计

车削凸轮时刀具要快速往复移动,但由于凸轮轮廓非圆度的影响,刀具工作角度随着刀具切削点位置的不同其角度会产生变化,这将降低产品的加工质量,影响刀具的使用寿命,因此在车削凸轮的过程中要对刀具工作角度的变化给予补偿,以使其恒定不变。文中提出了一种摆动刀架结构设计方案,使刀具能根据凸轮轮廓的变化其工作角度可以实时调整,并分析推导出了刀具摆动角度的计算方法,可利用数控系统的系统变量通过宏程序来实现刀具摆动角度的自动计算。     

基于轮廓提取的刀具磨损量检测研究

为了提高车削加工过程中的刀具磨损检测效率,降低生产成本,提出了一种基于轮廓提取的刀具磨损量检测算法。由CCD相机获取刀具磨损图像,通过图像预处理、图像的形态学处理、阈值分割、改进的轮廓找寻算法实现了刀具磨损区域的连通域轮廓点集的提取,通过连通域外接矩形实现了刀具磨损量的精确测量。开展刀具切削磨损检测试验,通过与光学显微镜测量结果对比,结果表明:该算法能够实现较高的检测精度,能够利用算法搭建刀具在机检测系统。     

基于OpenCV刀具几何参数测量算法的改进

由于刀具轮廓复杂多样、数据波动的影响,实现机器自动捕获边界轮廓精确测量一直是图像工程应用中的难题.本文基于OpenCV提出离散点M估计距离拟合法,避免了数据波动的干扰点对直线拟合的影响,稳定性好,精确度高,适用于刀具图像的成像环境.通过对刀具后刀面宽度、刃口钝化量和刃带宽度等一系列测量实用算法的分析,实现了包括刀具角度...     

二维轮廓铣削刀具半径补偿算法的研究与实现

介绍了二维轮廓铣削加工条件下刀具半径补偿原理,对平面刀具半径补偿的各种转接类型进行了综合分析,提出了实现方法。以圆弧接圆弧为例给出了刀具半径补偿的算法,用VC6．0开发了刀具补偿算法程序,实现了二维轮廓刀具半径自动补偿功能。这种算法推导简单、运算速度快,能够满足CNC加工的需要。     

整体铣刀端截形像素求解法的探索

以砂轮磨削加工刀具的啮合运动为基础结合二值图像的处理方法,探索了一种方便快捷且准确求取整体铣刀容屑槽端截形的方法。该方法可以避开解析法求解非线性方程获取接触线的过程,直接通过啮合运动轨迹生成砂轮磨削刀具的空间包络,然后截取包络在刀具端截形上包络的曲线簇图像,转换成二值图像后,扫描图像的像素点提取整体铣刀容屑槽端截形,是理论上快速获取刀具容屑槽端截形,观察槽形轮廓和分析其相关参数的新方法,尤其适用于分析成型砂轮形成的立铣刀容屑槽。     

光照不均环境下的手机外壳缺陷检测研究

针对实际手机外壳图像采集过程中遇到周围环境光照不均导致采集图像不清晰的问题,提出一种适用于光照不均环境下的手机外壳缺陷检测方法。首先用图像二值化、灰度化、图像修正旋转等算法对采集到的图像进行图像预处理,提取手机外壳主轮廓,然后利用双阈值的改进Bensern二值化算法对图像进行去光照影响处理,再采用自适应边缘检测Canny方法进行缺陷轮廓提取。最后提取缺陷感兴趣区域,并用轮廓绘制算法标记缺陷轮廓的大小。实验表明,该方法缺陷提取准确率高,实用性强,具有良好的检测效果。     

侧铣加工刀具回转轮廓误差预测技术研究

在侧铣加工中,刀具磨损和变形引起的刀具回转轮廓误差在实际加工前难以准确预测。提出一种工件形状刀具轮廓映射的辨识试验方法来获取加工过程刀具回转轮廓误差,并通过多因素正交试验获取了不同工况下刀具回转轮廓误差数据库。基于误差数据,采用最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）技术建立了刀具回转轮廓误差预测模型。运用遗传算法优化对所提模型有重要影响的核函数参数和错误惩罚因子, 建立了基于遗传算法优化的最小二乘支持向量机(GA-LS-SVM)模型,并与未经遗传算法优化的LS-SVM模型进行了对比,试验结果表明,GA-LS-SVM预测模型能更好地适用于刀具回转轮廓误差预测。     

A separate-edge force coefficients’ calibration method using specific condition for cutters with variable helix and pitch angles combining the runout effect

Classical ways of computing cutting force coefficients cannot be used by the cutters with non-uniform helix and pitch angles. So, this paper presents a novel separate-edge-forecast method to compute cutting force coefficients for any kind of flank-end cutter, especially for cutters with non-uniform helix and pitch angles. Using this method, the cutter runout can be combined into the cutting force coefficients without computing the cutter runout parameters. Simultaneously, the method predicts the cutting force coefficients for every cutter edge. Firstly, a series of three-axis machining experiments, which must satisfy the specific condition that only one cutter edge is removing materials at any time, is conducted. Then, the cutting force-curves are divided into N force lobes. Each lobe is assigned to the corresponding cutter edge using an algorithm. Subsequently, the cutter edge and the corresponding cutting force lobe are used to determine the cutting force coefficients. This means N cutter edges have N groups of cutting force coefficients, correspondingly. Finally, in order to verify the validity and correctness of the proposed method, a cutter with non-uniform helix and pitch angle is utilized to predict cutting force coefficients based on which the cutting forces are also computed. The results demonstrate that the cutting forces predicted agree well with the data measured. Simultaneously, it can be observed that the method can predict the coefficients considering the cutter runout effect.     

基于数据拼接的金刚石刀具刃口三维形貌表征技术

原子力显微镜(AFM)是获取金刚石刀具刃口纳米级三维形貌的重要手段,但其存在测量范围小,难以表征参与切削区域整段刃口形貌特征的问题。采用基于迭代最近点法的刃口AFM测量数据拼接算法,获得了由多组数据拼接得到的刃口纳米级三维形貌,并进行了切削实验验证。实验结果表明,采用的数据拼接方法可较好地用于表征刀具刃口三维形貌。     

TC4钛合金铣削刀具C形刃几何参数优化实验研究

通过对TC4钛合金进行侧铣加工,采用正交设计方法研究了硬质合金立铣刀侧刃几何参数对切削力和表面粗糙度的影响,用极差法分析了刀具几何参数对铣削力的影响;并以最小表面粗糙度为目标,采用田口法对刀具几何参数进行了优选。结果表明:螺旋角对铣削力的影响最大,对F_x、F_z,C形刃宽度影响次之,C形刃角度的影响最小;对于F_y,C形刃角度次之,C形刃宽度的影响最小;当螺旋角为25°、C形刃宽度为0.2mm、角度为-25°时可获得最小表面粗糙度。     

Modeling and predicting for surface topography considering tool wear in milling process

This paper presents a model for the prediction of surface topography considering tool wear during the milling process. First, the cutting edge path equation, which can be transformed into equivalent polynomial equations and solved for discrete positions along the feed direction, is established including the effect of tool wear. Then, cutting edge is divided into a series of cutting points and an algorithm is proposed to determine the range of divided position angle. Finally, surface topography model is established based on the established cutting path equation, the range of position angle, the calculated cutting time, and spiral lag angle. By using this model, surface topography generation is simplified with respect to other models in literature and the modeling method of surface topography does not need to mesh the workpiece and the model can easily be extended to include other factors on surface generation. Based on the established surface topography model, an algorithm is proposed to simulate generation of surface profile in milling operation. Experimental work and validation of the established model is performed on a five-axis milling center by using stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti and cemented carbides milling cutter. Cutting test results about the topography generation of the plane and cylindrical surface show good agreement with model predictions.     

STUDY ON IMAGE EDGE PROPERTY LOCATION BASED ON FRACTAL THEORY

0 lNTRODUCTlONWith the rapid development of assembleautomatic,machine visinn has been poPularly used onsudsce mounted technofogy (SMT ) field. It hasreSOved many problems in electronic factory assemblyline environments. Ref. [ l ] -- Ref. [ 41 gave someexamples, which resolved many insPeCtion prOblems inSMT from the views of image process and imageaedysis, image defect clinic strategy and somecommerce vision system. Teday, the machine visionbranch system is used in almost all of the h…     

切点约束和探针针尖半径补偿的金刚石刀具刃口钝圆半径求解方法

本文对金刚石刀具刃口钝圆半径求解方法展开研究,以有效提升金刚石刀具刃口锋利度的测量精度。文中分析了原子力显微镜(AFM)扫描探针几何形貌对金刚石刀具刃口锋利度测量结果的影响,并提出了基于切点约束和AFM探针针尖半径补偿的刀具刃口钝圆半径求解方法;讨论了消噪滤波、测量角度误差以及切点分离方法对测量结果的影响;在高精度测量平台上完成了金刚石刀具刃口锋利度测量,并将被测量的刀具用于飞切加工KDP晶体。结果表明:提出的刃口钝圆半径求解方法能够准确求解金刚石刀具的刃口锋利度,测量结果能很好地描述金刚石刀具的刃口锋利程度,可以为金刚石超精密切削加工的选刀和用刀提供有效指导。     

基于平面表像法的任意刃形钻头切削角度的建模与测量

根据钻头前刀面的数学模型,应用平面表像法理论建立了计算曲线刃钻头主刃各点在不同参考系下的工作切削角度(包括工作前角、工作刃倾角、工作主偏角等)的像图。以此为基础,提出一种通过测量主刃投影曲线间接测量主刃各点切削角度的新方法,较好地解决了任意刃形钻头切削角度的测量问题。试验证明,该方法正确而有效。     

Optimizing the geometric parameters of chamfered edge for rough machining Fe–Cr–Ni stainless steel

Geometry of cutting edge has great influence on performance and reliability of modern precision cutting tools. In this study, two-dimensional finite element model of orthogonal cutting of Fe–Cr–Ni stainless steel has been built to optimize the geometric parameters of chamfered edge. A method to measure the chip curl radius has been proposed. The effect of cutting edge geometric parameters on tool stress and chip curl radius has been analyzed. Then, the chamfered edge parameters have been optimized based on numerical simulation results. It finds that, keeping the equal material removal rate, the optimal geometric parameters of chamfered edge for rough machining Fe–Cr–Ni stainless steel are that the rake angle is from 16° to 17°, and the chamfer length is from 60 to 70 μm. Small (large) rake angle combined with small (large) chamfer length is more reasonable to reduce the tool stress. When the length of land is approximately equal to undeformed chip thickness and the rake angle is larger than 15°, the chip curl radius is minimal. The groove type with large radio of width to depth should be used in the chip breaking based on the optimization results.     

新构形硬质合金插齿刀切削刃几何角度分析

提出了一种硬质合金插齿刀的新构形方法———异形凸曲前刀面硬质合金插齿刀,对新构形插齿刀的前角、后角及刃倾角进行了分析;建立了切削刃几何角度的数学模型,与原构形硬质合金插齿刀进行了比较研究。