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原子转移自由基聚合在聚合物分子设计中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
原子转移自由基聚合反应 ( ATRP)是一种新的活性自由基聚合方法 ,自 1995年提出后 ,引起高分子合成化学及工业界的关注。本文详细介绍了 ATRP在端功能基聚合物、大分子单体、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物、星形聚合物、梯度共聚物、超支化聚合物等聚合物分子设计中的应用 相似文献
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原子转移自由基聚合反应(ATRP)是实现活性聚合的一种颇为有效的途径, 可以合成分子量可控、分子量分布窄的各种形状的聚合物.本文介绍了"活性"可控ATRP的研究进展, 包括RATRP、SR&NI ATRP、AGET ATRP、假卤素转移自由基聚合以及一些新催化剂体系下的新型ATRP,并说明了各种引发体系ATRP的反应机理. 相似文献
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界面聚合通常指限定在液-液或液-固界面上进行的聚合反应,散见于少数高活性的缩聚反应体系。20世纪90年代,以RAFT聚合、ATRP等为代表的可逆失活自由基聚合(reversible deactivation radical polymerization,RDRP)因其兼具传统自由基聚合和活性阴离子聚合的优点,广泛用于聚合物链结构的可控制备。另一方面,RDRP已被用于构建更为普适的界面聚合反应,基于RDRP的界面聚合已发展成为一种可控制备具有精准纳米结构的功能性聚合物产品的新方法。本文以RAFT液-液界面聚合为主,阐述了RAFT法和ATRP法在液-液界面、液-固界面进行“活性”聚合的反应机理,总结了该领域的研究进展。在此基础上,重点介绍“活性”界面聚合在构建纳米(中空)胶囊、纳米界面工程与纳米分散以及纳米聚合物刷表面等方面的潜在应用前景。 相似文献
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《塑料工业》2016,(5)
原子转移自由基活性聚合(ATRP)是一种有效的活性可控聚合方法,可进行摩尔质量设计,制备结构和摩尔质量分布可控的各类聚合物,具有潜在而广泛的研究价值。传统的ATRP聚合反应常用的溶剂如甲苯等,由于其具有较大的毒性,限制了其产业化的进程。以无毒环保的乙醇为溶剂,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,研究一定量水的加入对电子转移活化再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合(ARGET ATRP)的影响。结果表明,在MMA的ARGET ATRP反应中,水的加入能够有效促进聚合反应,随着水含量(相对于乙醇质量分数)的增加,聚合速率增加,水含量为10%以下时,得到较快的聚合速率同时聚合可控,超过10%,虽然聚合速率增加,但聚合反应可控性降低。 相似文献
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以配体3,5-二-(4-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑与CuX形成催化剂,分别以α-溴代异丁酸乙酯和氯化苄为引发剂,环己酮为溶剂,进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),同时考察了配比、溶剂量以及温度对聚合速率、聚合物分子量及分子量分布的影响.80℃下的聚合反应速度高于70℃;以环己酮为溶剂,单体与溶剂之比为1∶1.5时可得到较低分子量分布的聚合物.实验结果表明以吡啶基三唑为配合物催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合过程中,转化率和分子量随时间的增加而增大,聚合反应符合一级动力学规律,所得聚合物分子量分布较窄(1.21~1.46),结合端基分析和扩链反应结果,证明该聚合反应符合"活性"/可控自由基聚合. 相似文献
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介绍了原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制备超支化聚合物的原理以及近年来采用ATRP方法制备的各种支化/超支化聚合物,展望了ATRP的发展趋势.ATRP是目前可控,活性聚合最成功的方法之一,它以过渡金属配合物为催化剂,通过有机卤化物引发乙烯基单体的自由基聚合,合成相对分子质量可控、相对分子质量分布窄的多种聚合物. 相似文献
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原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
汪永彬 《化学推进剂与高分子材料》2014,(1):32-36
介绍了可以实现活性聚合的ATRP、RATRP、AGET ATRP和ARGET ATRP 4种原子转移自由基聚合的机理,综述了原子转移自由基聚合技术在合成两亲性嵌段共聚物、接枝聚合物和星型共聚物等中的研究进展。 相似文献
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原子转移自由基聚合进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述了原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)的发展:引发剂、过渡金属络合物的发展,低温下的反应可节省能源,水分散体系的ATRP也是发展的方向ATRP可合成结构清晰的嵌段、接枝、星型、超支化高聚物,大大拓宽了高聚物的应用范围。 相似文献
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Marta Marin-Suarez Dr. Antonio L. Medina-Castillo Dr. Jorge F. Fernandez-Sanchez Prof. Alberto Fernandez-Gutierrez 《Israel journal of chemistry》2012,52(3-4):264-275
The advantages of atom-transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) for synthesising well-defined polymers have made this technique very popular in recent years for the synthesis of new polymers and copolymers with optical properties. The components involved in ATRP and their effect on composition, functionalities and topology have been reviewed according to the optical properties of the obtained (co)polymers. Because several functionalities and architectures can be combined in ATRP, this technique is a useful tool for the synthesis of new (co)polymers specially designed to meet the requirements of the sensor setup. 相似文献
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原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)技术是一种新型的可控活性聚合技术,可有效地对聚合物的分子结构进行设计,制备出各种不同性能、不同组成、不同功能化的结构确定的聚合物材料。综述了利用ATRP技术在制备有机一无机杂化材料、功能性膜材料、水凝胶材料、液晶材料方面的最新进展,最后对原子转移自由基聚合技术的发展做出了展望。 相似文献
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Styrene ATRP using the new initiator 2,2,2‐tribromoethanol: Experimental and simulation approach
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Roniérik P. Vieira Andréia Ossig Janaína M. Perez Vinícius G. Grassi Cesar L. Petzhold Augusto C. Peres João M. Costa Liliane M. F. Lona 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2015,55(10):2270-2276
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a powerful technique for the controlled synthesis of polymers, and one of the most important ATRP characteristics is the possibility to produce functionalized polymers. 2,2,2‐Tribromoethanol appears as a promising initiator for the ATRP process, because it allows the production of polymers with end hydroxyl groups, making it easy for copolymerization with biomonomers. This article explores, in experimental and computational level, the styrene ATRP using 2,2,2‐tribromoethanol to understand how this new initiator behaves, and presents a powerful tool to predict the polymer properties for different operating conditions. Simulations and experimental results showed that polymers with high molecular weight and low PDI can be simultaneously obtained using 2,2,2‐tribromoethanol as initiator. For all operational conditions, the reaction was fast and polydispersity values kept lower than 1.4, confirming the “living”/controlled characteristic. The polymers produced contain hydroxyl as functional group and in some operating conditions, PDI values of 1.1 was obtained, even at high monomer conversion. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2270–2276, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
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Krzysztof Matyjaszewski 《Israel journal of chemistry》2012,52(3-4):206-220
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is currently one of the most often used synthetic polymerization methods to prepare well-defined polymers with complex architecture. This review covers some fundamentals of copper-based ATRP, presents basic structure–reactivity correlation for initiators and catalyst complexes and discusses the radical nature of reactive intermediates. New ATRP initiating processes with ppm amounts of copper catalysts and various reducing agents are described together with recent electrochemically controlled ATRP and polymerization in aqueous homogeneous and dispersed media. Examples of polymers with precisely controlled architecture are presented together with the effect of variable amounts of catalysts on molecular weight distribution and morphology of nanostructured block copolymers. Some current and forthcoming applications of polymers made by ATRP are presented. 相似文献
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Dendron-like branched polystyrenes are prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and chain-end functionalization. The growing chain ends of polystyrene from ATRP are end-capped with 1,4-benzoquinone to incorporate branching points and ATRP initiating groups to the chain ends. Sequential ATRP of styrene initiated from the chain ends builds up the polystyrene arms. The number-averaged molecular weights of the first, second, and third generations of dendron-like polystyrene polymers calculated from their respective 1H NMR spectra are 5960, 6850, and 9150 g/mol, respectively. The NMR-data are consistent with the molecular weights determined by GPC. An approach to prepare dendron-like polymers through ATRP and chain-end functionalization is developed. 相似文献
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Copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide “click chemistry” is applied in the preparation of tadpole-shaped (“monochelic”) POSS-end functional hybrid polymers by combining with ATRP and RAFT polymerization. Alkyne-functionalized ATRP initiator and RAFT agent were respectively synthesized and applied in the preparation of alkyne-terminal poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene. The tadpole-shaped POSS-containing hybrid polymers are easily obtained by the click reaction with an azido-functional POSS molecule. This presents a novel and effective method to prepare POSS-containing hybrid polymers. 相似文献
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概述了原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)在引发体系、反应温度、反应介质、实施方法等方面的进展;介绍了3种不同催化剂脱除技术;结合最新的研究成果,着重论述了ATRP在进行聚合物分子设计,制备窄分子量分布聚合物、无规、梯度和交替共聚物,嵌段共聚物,末端官能团聚合物,接枝和梳状聚合物,星型及高支化聚合物等方面的应用。 相似文献