基于X射线相干衍射成像的元素分布成像

基于上海光源软X射线谱学显微线站的特点和相干X射线衍射成像(CDI)技术,对软X射线相干衍射成像方法的一个重要应用:元素分布成像及含量分析进行了模拟研究。推导了CDI相比双能分析算法并进行了理论模拟,估算了能够分辨的最小物质含量,并分析了CDI实验噪声等因素对元素分布成像的影响。所得结果可对软X射线CDI的实际应用提供理论指导。     

BL17U短波长X射线聚焦方案优化

蛋白质数据库中超过80%的蛋白质都是用X射线衍射解出的结构,其中最常用的波长是0.097 2 nm。有研究表明短波长X射线可以减少晶体的辐射损伤,提高X射线衍射数据的质量,为了在上海同步辐射光源生物大分子线站BL17U上进一步研究短波长X射线测定蛋白质结构,需要先对其能区进行拓展。基于复合折射透镜(Compound Refractive Lens,CRL)聚焦X射线的原理,讨论了在BL17U上用其聚焦短波长X射线的可行性。通过引入接受率R这一物理量计算了单一结构不同曲率半径的CRL聚焦光子后的通量和通量密度,同时也计算了级联式紧密接触型CRL和级联式相间型CRL两种方式的聚焦的效果。在充分考虑聚焦效果、实验站布局等因素,提出在BL17U聚焦短波长X射线的最佳方案,用31片半径50μm的透镜理论上可以将25 keV的光子聚焦,得到的通量密度3.201 8×10~(14) s~(-1)·mm~(-2)。通过这些理论计算可以为BL17U研究短波长X射线测定蛋白质结构做前期准备。     

用于衍射的整体平行束X光透镜

X光透镜是90年代国际上发展起来的新技术。整体平行束X光透镜能把点X光源发出的发散X光束聚焦后转变成准平行X光束。我们使用整体平行束X光透镜和准直管在Si(111)晶体上进行了Cu-Kα辐射的衍射实验。实验结果表明:在X光源同一功率条件下,使用整体平行束X光透镜和准直管比单独使用准直管测量的衍射峰强度提高了近3倍,显示了整体平行束X光透镜用于点光源X射线衍射的优越性。     

软X射线光子关联谱装置设计

X射线光子关联谱技术(X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy,XPCS)是一种利用相干X光散射的二次相干,研究凝聚态物质在小尺度范围弛豫动力学的新技术,对入射光的相干性有较高要求。上海同步辐射光源BL08U干涉光刻分支线站(X-ray Interference Lithograph,XIL)采用椭圆偏振波荡器作为光源,具有很好的相干性,光子通量高,适合铁电体、磁性材料中介观尺度电极性或磁性微区的动力学研究。由此设计一套基于软X射线的光子关联谱装置,采用软X射线为入射相干光,对二次相干光采集、转换、放大处理之后进行自相关运算。该装置测量的样品周期尺度范围为10～60 nm。该装置的研制设计为更好地分析材料动力学信息提供了一种技术途径,是硬X射线的有效补充。     

基于NSRL衍射和散射站的单次反射毛细管聚焦研究

介绍了国家同步辐射实验室X射线衍射和散射光束线实验站,利用单次反射毛细管对X射线衍射和散射站的光束进行聚焦,经毛细管聚焦后焦点处的光斑直径为125μm,光强增大约两倍。利用Mar345成像板分别采集了使用和未使用毛细管聚焦的光束下的溶菌酶蛋白晶体的衍射图样,结果表明,使用经过毛细管聚焦的光束时,每副衍射图样的曝光时间可缩短一半,提高了收集衍射图谱的效率。     

X光透镜在X射线衍射技术中的应用

用整体平行束X光透镜代替常规衍射仪的索拉狭缝和/或附加狭缝,入射和衍射X光强度可提高1.5―3.5倍,分辨率可达0.4°,可用于薄膜、粉末样品和离子束沉积样品的分析。将微会聚X光透镜应用于生物大分子衍射、高压X射线衍射、四圆X射线衍射3个不同的衍射领域,在相同X光源功率条件下,使用X光透镜后的衍射强度提高到原来的3―10倍,信噪比和分辨率有不同程度的改善。     

基于X射线衍射仪的X光晶体参数标定

基于实验室X射线衍射仪,利用其运行稳定性和高精度角度控制能力,通过设计、制作晶体样品架,对X光平面晶体的本征参数晶格常数和积分衍射效率进行了实验标定,并给出其不确定度。该方法快速、高效、方便、灵活,实现了X光晶体的实验室标定,为ICF物理实验线谱诊断设备晶体谱仪的定量化测量提供了数据支撑。     

采用用于激励的聚焦光学器件和用于收集的聚焦单色器的波长色散X射线荧光分析（XRF）系统

本发明提供X射线荧光(XRF)光谱测定系统和方法。XRF系统包括X射线辐射源、布置在X射线辐射源和试样之间的激励光学器件，以便收集来自所述辐射源的X射线辐射，并将X射线辐射聚焦到试样上的一个焦点，以引起试样中至少一种被分析物发出荧光。该系统还包括X射线探测仪和收集光学器件。收集光学器件包括至少一个双曲衍射光学器件，该双曲衍射光学器件布置在试样和X射线探测仪之间，以便收集来自试样上的焦点处的X射线荧光，并将荧光X射线导向至少一个X射线探测仪。     

一种针对组合材料研究的高通量X射线结构、成分表征方法

将X射线毛细管聚焦技术和能量色散X射线衍射技术相结合，提出了一种新的针对组合材料研究的高通量X射线结构、成分分析方法，并实际构建了一个样机，测试了样机的性能，验证了此方法的可行性及优缺点。     

针孔成象的针孔效应

在等离子体焦点研究工作中,常用针孔成象方法,来了解焦点发射软X射线的空间分布状况。分析针孔成象系统的几何光学关系,对于设计针孔成象系统;对于了解     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.