失效AB5型贮氢合金电极材料在制备纳米碳管中的应用

纳米碳管是一种性能优异的新型功能材料.利用循环失效后的AB5型贮氢合金电极材料作为反应催化剂、乙炔气体作为原料气体通过CVD法制备出多壁纳米碳管,研究了经过破碎、清洗、氧化处理后的失效AB5型贮氢合金电极材料在合成纳米碳管中的催化性能,讨论了不同氧化温度处理催化剂对纳米碳管产率、形貌和结构稳定性的影响.结果表明,氧化处理温度对催化剂的催化效能有明显的影响,600℃为最佳氧化处理温度.以氧化处理后的失效AB5型贮氢合金电极材料作为催化剂制备碳纳米管,方法简单易行,为废旧镍氢电池负极材料的回收再利用提供了一种新的思路.     

TiFe系贮氢合金制备方法的研究进展

TiFe系贮氢合金因具有贮氢量大、价格便宜等优异性能而成为一类最具开发潜质的贮氢材料之一.较系统地综述了TiFe系贮氢合金的各种制备方法,重点讨论了各种制备技术的优缺点和影响因素,分析了TiFe系贮氢合金的发展趋势.认为自蔓延高温合成法制备TiFe系贮氢合金具有很好的发展前景和研究意义,通过合金化的方法来提高合金的活化性能和贮氢性能仍将是今后研究的重点.     

MH/Ni电池复合贮氢合金负极材料的研究进展

制备复合合金是改善贮氢合金性能的一条有效途径.归纳了MH/Ni电池复合贮氢合金负极材料不同的制备方法.从机械合金化法、熔炼法、粉末烧结法和机械混合法等4个方面,对用于MH/Ni电池负极材料的复合贮氢合金的研究现状进行了分析和综述,并提出了目前研究中存在的几个问题.     

钒基固溶体型贮氢材料的研究进展

氢作为一种新能源,其制备、贮存技术有了迅速的发展.介绍和评述了钒基固溶体型贮氢材料的制备方法;综述了钒基固溶体型合金的组织结构、贮氢性能和电化学性能以及它们之间的关系;指出了今后钒基固溶体型贮氢材料应用研究的重点.     

真空快淬材料研究的新近进展

真空快淬材料也叫急冷材料或快速凝固材料,真空快淬技术是制备非晶态金属和纳米晶合金的重要手段.近年来,真空快淬材料发展迅速,其性能指标已经达到实用化、产业化要求,本文主要介绍了真空快淬技术在贮氢合金、Nd-Fe-B永磁材料、非晶态钛基钎焊料、Ni-Mn-Ga磁性形状记忆合金等金属功能材料制备中的应用研究进展.研究实践证明应用真空快淬技术,不仅可以研究新型非晶态和纳米晶合金,进一步发展新型合金相,而且还可以定性、定量控制晶态材料的晶粒,如非晶、纳米晶、微晶的形成及其含量比例.     

贮氢合金应用研究近况

本文综述了贮氢合金的应用研究近况。包括贮氢合金在氢的贮存，运输，净化，压缩，热泵，催化和二次电池等应用领域的现状和发展，指出了目前存在的问题及新型贮氢材料的发展方向。     

熔体快淬对纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x≈0～4)合金电化学贮氢性能的影响

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的电化学贮氢性能,用Co部分替代合金中的Ni.用快淬工艺制备了纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x=0、1、2、3、4)贮氢合金,分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,测试了合金的电化学贮氢性能.研究了Co替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金电化学贮氢性能的影响.结果表明,Co替代Ni不改变合金的Mg2Ni主相,但形成了第二相MgCo2.在快淬(x=0)合金中没有发现非晶相,但快淬(x=4)合金显示了纳米晶、非晶结构,表明Co替代Ni提高了Mg2Ni型舍金的非晶形成能力.熔体快淬显著的改善了合金的电化学贮氢性能,合金放电容量和电化学循环稳定性均随淬速的增加而增加.     

机械研磨和活性机械研磨对LaNi5合金组织和贮氢性能的影响

贮氢材料已成为很有吸引力的充电电池和热泵等功能材料.不过,虽然大部分合金具有极好的氢化性能,但是它们的贮氢能力和动力学性能却很差.为了使贮氢能力达到3%以上,人们认为,可行的途径是通过机械研磨或者熔体离心铸造方法来形成纳米结构或者非晶态的金属氢化物.     

高容量稀土-镁基贮氢合金获发明专利

内蒙古稀奥科贮氢合金有限公司的“一种MH-Ni电池用高容量稀土镁基贮氢合金及其制作方法”获得国家知识产权局发明专利授权。作为一种全新的电池制造领域镍金属氢化物电池负极材料的制备方法,此项发明填补了国内外高容量稀土-镁基贮氢合金的技术空白,标志着内蒙古稀奥科贮氢合金有限公司在新型贮氢合金材料方面的研究和技术创新能力达到了新高度,并拥有了自主知识产权。     

Ni-MH动力电池用负极材料的研究现状

能源危机日益加重,寻求替代能源已迫在眉睫.Ni-MH动力电池以其在多方面的优势而成为HEV和EV首选的动力设备.动力电池对电极材料提出了较一般电池不同的要求.主要介绍了近年来动力电池用新型贮氢合金种类、常用替代元素的作用及其发展方向.AB3型贮氢合金以其出众的放电容量和活化性能有望成为AB5型贮氢合金的替代品应用于动力电池.由于Co的毒害效应,且近年来金属Ni、Co的价格不断上涨,低Co、无Co以及低Ni贮氢合金成为新的研究方向.我国稀土资源丰富,为我国发展Ni-MH动力电池提供了有利条件,可推动我国电动车的发展,也有利于环境保护.     

纳米储氢合金制备方法的研究进展

纳米储氢合金的热力学与动力学性能明显超过了相应的微米级合金 ,引起了储氢合金研究者的关注 ,而目前纳米储氢合金的制备方法仅集中于球磨法。本文总结了纳米储氢合金颗粒与复合材料的制备方法 ;并从纳米材料制备技术的角度 ,对潜在的纳米储氢合金的制备方法进行了评述     

大块非晶镁合金储氢材料的研究现状及展望

分别介绍了大块非晶镁合金和镁基储氢材料的发展现状、制备方法及最新进展，由此提出大块非晶镁合金储氢材料是具备发展潜力的材料之一。     

晶粒有序Si基纳米发光材料的自组织化生长

提出了两类用于制备晶粒有序Si基纳米发光材料的方案.一种是利用固体表面预成核位置的有序化,如台阶表面、再构表面、吸附表面以及图形表面等加以实现.另一种则是通过控制自组织生长成核过程的有序性,如退火诱导晶化、引入埋层应变、异种原子掺杂以及分子自组装等加以实现.评论了这些制备方法的最新进展,并展望了它的未来发展趋势.     

Self-assembled nanoscale ferroelectrics

Multifunctional ferroelectric materials offer a wide range of useful properties, from switchable polarization that can be applied in memory devices to piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties used in actuators, transducers and thermal sensors. At the nanometer scale, however, material properties are expected to be different from those in bulk. Fundamental problems such as the super-paraelectric limit, the influence of the free surface, and of interfacial and bulk defects on ferroelectric switching, etc., arise when scaling down ferroelectrics to nanometer sizes. In order to study these size effects, fabrication methods of high quality nanoscale ferroelectric crystals have to be developed. The present paper briefly reviews self-patterning and self-assembly fabrication methods, including chemical routes, morphological instability of ultrathin films, microemulsion, and self-assembly lift-off, employed up to the date to fabricate ferroelectric structures with lateral sizes in the range of few tens of nanometers.     

Local Electrochemical Functionality in Energy Storage Materials and Devices by Scanning Probe Microscopies: Status and Perspectives

Energy storage and conversion systems are an integral component of emerging green technologies, including mobile electronic devices, automotive, and storage components of solar and wind energy economics. Despite the rapidly expanding manufacturing capabilities and wealth of phenomenological information on the macroscopic device behaviors, the microscopic mechanisms underpinning battery and fuel cell operations in the nanometer–micrometer range are virtually unknown. This lack of information is due to the dearth of experimental techniques capable of addressing elementary mechanisms involved in battery operation, including electronic and ion transport, vacancy injection, and interfacial reactions, on the nanometer scale. In this article, a brief overview of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) methods addressing nanoscale electrochemical functionalities is provided and compared with macroscopic electrochemical methods. Future applications of emergent SPM methods, including near field optical, electromechanical, microwave, and thermal probes and combined SPM‐(S)TEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) methods in energy storage and conversion materials are discussed.     

Hybrid Nanostructures for Energy Storage Applications

Materials engineering plays a key role in the field of energy storage. In particular, engineering materials at the nanoscale offers unique properties resulting in high performance electrodes and electrolytes in various energy storage devices. Consequently, considerable efforts have been made in recent years to fulfill the future requirements of electrochemical energy storage using these advanced materials. Various multi‐functional hybrid nanostructured materials are currently being studied to improve energy and power densities of next generation storage devices. This review describes some of the recent progress in the synthesis of different types of hybrid nanostructures using template assisted and non‐template based methods. The potential applications and recent research efforts to utilize these hybrid nanostructures to enhance the electrochemical energy storage properties of Li‐ion battery and supercapacitor are discussed. This review also briefly outlines some of the recent progress and new approaches being explored in the techniques of fabrication of 3D battery structures using hybrid nanoarchitectures.     

Recent progress on elaboration of undoped and doped Y2O3, Gd2O3 rare-earth nano-oxide

Some selected materials with small sizes in the nanometer region are reviewed. Different methods for synthesis of nanoscale materials are classified and discussed. Basic prerequisites for successful use of the materials for nanotechnology application are their synthesis with specific and homogeneous composition and geometry. This review summarizes recent results on nanoscale materials containing optically active lanthanide ion especially focused on Y2O3 and Gd2O3 oxide.     

镁基储氢合金制备方法的研究进展

报道了镁基储氢合金制备方法的研究进展。对熔炼法、粉末烧结法、扩散法、机械合金化法和氢化燃烧合成法等几种主要方法制备镁基储氢合金的基本原理和方法进行了综述。总结了这些合金制备技术制取的合金的充放氢性能和电化学性能，并讨论了不同制备方法对合金性能的影响。指出了今后镁基储氢合金制备方法的研究重点。     

Flexible Nanodielectric Materials with High Permittivity for Power Energy Storage

Study of flexible nanodielectric materials (FNDMs) with high permittivity is one of the most active academic research areas in advanced functional materials. FNDMs with excellent dielectric properties are demonstrated to show great promise as energy‐storage dielectric layers in high‐performance capacitors. These materials, in common, consist of nanoscale particles dispersed into a flexible polymer matrix so that both the physical/chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles and the interaction between the nanoparticles and the polymers have crucial effects on the microstructures and final properties. This review first outlines the crucial issues in the nanodielectric field and then focuses on recent remarkable research developments in the fabrication of FNDMs with special constitutents, molecular structures, and microstructures. Possible reasons for several persistent issues are analyzed and the general strategies to realize FNDMs with excellent integral properties are summarized. The review further highlights some exciting examples of these FNDMs for power‐energy‐storage applications.     

基于超高密度信息存储薄膜制备的研究进展

信息技术的发展要求存储器件必须具备超高存储密度、超快的存取速率.存储介质是高密度信息存储研究中的基本问题,目前几乎所有的超高密度存储技术都是在薄膜介质上实现的.薄膜的性质除依赖于存储介质材料外还依赖于薄膜的制备技术.从存储介质薄膜的制备角度介绍了超高密度信息存储的研究进展.