直流电场对LiNbO3晶体亚临界裂纹扩展的影响

本工作采用双扭曲试验法(DT法),着重研究了极化条件、直流电场的强度和取向对晶体学取向不同的LiNbO_3晶体中裂纹亚临界扩展行为的影响,并对晶体由裂纹临界扩展导致断裂的形貌作了分析。实验结果表明:LiNbO_3晶体试样的裂纹亚临界扩展方程指数n随晶体学取向的不同而不同,这与裂纹扩展所沿晶面的断裂能有关。未极化的LiNbO_3晶体受直流电场作用时,其亚临界裂纹扩展的加快,系压电晶体电致伸缩效应所致;极化的LiNbO_3晶体试样在直流电场作用下,其亚临界裂纹扩展主要是受晶体的逆压电效应的影响。     

应变速率对纤维复合材料声发射的影响

在载荷作用下,纤维复合材料声发射的输出有两个主要来源:纤维破坏和基体出现裂纹。在只有第一个来源时,过程对应变速率不敏感,而二者俱在时,则过程与应变速率有关。应变速率越慢,用于裂纹扩展的有效时间越长,声发射作用越强烈。     

碳纤维复合材料层合板面内压缩损伤及声发射特征分析

针对碳纤维复合材料层合板面内压缩损伤问题,基于声发射技术分析不同损伤阶段的声发射信号特征。根据加载过程中时间–载荷曲线以及试样破坏断面微观形貌,将损伤过程分为三个阶段:初始损伤阶段主要产生少量基体开裂与纤维–基体界面脱粘,裂纹迅速扩展阶段开始产生纤维剪断以及失稳变形,平稳损伤阶段主要产生失稳变形以及分层裂纹扩展。结合声发射信号的振幅、振铃计数研究损伤过程,并基于小波变换进行损伤信号的时频分析,发现不同损伤类型可通过声发射振幅及频率特征有效识别。     

陶瓷材料断裂过程的声发射研究

本文用声发射方法研究了陶瓷材料的断裂过程,得到了几种典型的声发射谱。把断裂过程的声发射和其断裂形貌结合起来研究,陶瓷材料的断裂过程可以分为三个阶段:弹性应变阶段;断裂源的形成和裂纹稳态扩展阶段;裂纹的失稳扩展至断裂阶段。陶瓷材料不同的断裂历程对应着不同的声发射谱。     

复合材料机身曲板静力试验声发射监测研究

飞机机身曲板静力试验对于飞机静强度设计及验证至关重要,本文选取某型飞机复合材料机身曲板静力试验平台,利用声发射监测复合材料机身曲板在压缩剪切复合载荷下的裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展,综合采用撞击数分析、幅值分析和能量分析等多参数分析技术,结合波形分析技术和基于空间滤波的面定位分析技术,分析了复合材料机身曲板静力试验中的声发射信号,详细分析了裂纹萌生的起始位置和裂纹扩展过程中的损伤演化过程,为某型飞机机身曲板静强度设计及验证提供数据支持,其结果具有重要参考价值和指导意义。     

四点弯曲载荷作用下复合材料分层演化行为探索

为探索玻璃纤维增强复合材料在四点弯曲载荷作用下分层演变行为及分层缺陷对复合材料承受负荷能力和服役期限的影响,经过设置相异位置的人为分层缺陷,在万能试验机上对试样实施四点弯曲试验,由声发射记录全过程,并通过试样的撞击累积-时间-幅度历程图、载荷-时间-相对能量历程图、声发射撞击信号定位图等判断复合材料分层损伤的破坏程度。结果表明,接近试件表面的分层缺陷加快了材料破坏扩展进程,分层缺陷所在的位置很大程度地改变了复合材料的弯曲性能,分层缺陷越靠近试件表面,对试件损害力度越大,试件服役能力越差。     

用声发射监测热应力下陶瓷材料中裂纹的扩展

本文将声发射技术应用于陶瓷材料研究领域,通过由传感器、前置放大器、滤波器、主放大器、信号形成器、信号处理器组成的声发射检测系统,精确地测定了陶瓷材料在热应力作用下裂纹生长、扩展的动态过程;发现陶瓷材料在冷却过程中声发射计数率的峰值约为加热过程的400倍;陶瓷材料在热应力下微裂纹的形成、生长主要发生在冷却过程中。     

石英陶瓷导弹天线罩材料延迟断裂行为的研究

通过保载试验研究了石英陶瓷导弹天线罩材料延迟断裂行为的特性。试验表明,石英陶瓷材料在低于其断裂强度的恒定载荷作用下,内部微裂纹存在慢速扩展的现象,微裂纹扩展速度与载荷大小密切相关;在低于材料断裂强度约50%左右的载荷下,在300s的保载时间内,石英陶瓷材料试样内部裂纹没有产生明显的裂纹扩展现象。     

用声发射监测陶瓷材料的热震损伤

介绍了声发射技术的基本原理，用声发射技术监测了莫来石－钛酸铝陶瓷材料急冷时热震损伤强度衰减及裂纹的扩展过程，结果表明：由热应力引起的微裂纹稳态扩展和失稳扩展的声发射特性与该试样热震损伤后的残余强度变化趋势是一致的。     

304不锈钢压力容器声发射检测试验研究

为了研究304不锈钢压力容器声发射特性,对含裂纹缺陷304不锈钢压力容器进行了声发射检测试验研究,通过参数和波形分析方法对声发射信号及缺陷定位情况进行了分析。研究结果表明304不锈钢容器裂纹扩展产生的声发射信号幅度较低,信号峰值频率主要分布在150KHz,缺陷定位不明显。研究结果对304不锈钢压力容器声发射现场检测具有一定参考意义。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

己内酰胺水解聚合过程模拟──双官能团酸调节剂与尼龙6组成分布

提出了有双官能团酸相对分子质量调节剂存在时己内酰胺水解聚合过程动力学模型 ,并进行了实验验证 .对不同温度下聚合产物组成和各影响因素对数均聚合度的影响进行了模拟 .结果表明 ,数均聚合度随进料中水、氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂浓度的增加而减小 ,其中水的浓度影响较显著 ,且在考察浓度范围内相对分子质量调节剂浓度 [R]0 ≤ 0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度基本不变 ,而 [R]0 >0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度则显著减小 .无氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂时数均聚合度亦随水浓度增加而减小 .     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。