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1.
采用氨基酸自动分析仪进行羊肚菌游离氨基酸的测定,通过味道强度值(Taste Activity Value,TAV)分析人工培育羊肚菌与野生羊肚菌游离氨基酸的呈味差异及不同生长阶段呈味特性。结果表明:羊肚菌中含量最高的氨基酸为谷氨酸,不同产地羊肚菌游离氨基酸差异不显著。人工培育羊肚菌与野生羊肚菌相比,缺少天冬氨酸、多出苦味氨基酸赖氨酸的呈味作用,鲜味氨基酸味道强度值小于野生羊肚菌。谷氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸分别是鲜味、甜味和苦味氨基酸中TAV最高的氨基酸。羊肚菌游离氨基酸随生长阶段含量增加,生长初期、中期和后期分别为7.31、12.16、18.88mg/g,对滋味有直接贡献的氨基酸种类分别为4、5、6种,从生长中期开始,缬氨酸、赖氨酸出现呈味作用,苦味氨基酸呈味增强。呈味氨基酸TAV均随生长发育而增高。  相似文献   

2.
以鸡胸肉为研究对象,在不同煮制时间下制备鸡汤样品,考察不同煮制时间对鸡汤中呈味物质的影响。采用高效液相色谱仪和氨基酸自动分析仪分析样品中有机酸、呈味核苷酸、游离氨基酸、呈味肽等的含量。感官评价结果表明,煮制4 h的鸡汤鲜味评分最高;随着煮制时间的延长,鸡汤的pH先降低后增加,煮制3 h时pH达到最低值(6.39);5'-胞苷酸(5'-CMP)、5'-鸟苷酸(5'-GMP)、乳酸和17种氨基酸的含量随煮制时间延长逐渐增加,在煮制5 h时达到最大值;5'-肌苷酸(5'-IMP)、和5'-腺苷酸(5'-AMP)的质量浓度分别在煮制2和3h达到最大值(14.22和48.72mg/L);琥珀酸的含量变化不大,谷氨酸的质量浓度在煮制5 h时达到最大值(291.39 mg/L),这些呈味物质对鸡汤鲜味具有重要的贡献。鸡汤的味精当量值(EUC)在5 h达到最高值(0.28 g MSG/100 g)。多肽含量在4 h时达到最大值(12.06 g/L)。  相似文献   

3.
以鸡胸肉为研究对象,在不同煮制时间下制备鸡汤样品,考察不同煮制时间对鸡汤中呈味物质的影响。采用高效液相色谱仪和氨基酸自动分析仪分析样品中有机酸、呈味核苷酸、游离氨基酸、呈味肽等的含量。感官评价结果表明,煮制4 h的鸡汤鲜味评分最高;随着煮制时间的延长,鸡汤的pH先降低后增加,煮制3 h时pH达到最低值(6.39);5'-胞苷酸(5'-CMP)、5'-鸟苷酸(5'-GMP)、乳酸和17种氨基酸的含量随煮制时间延长逐渐增加,在煮制5 h时达到最大值;5'-肌苷酸(5'-IMP)、和5'-腺苷酸(5'-AMP)的质量浓度分别在煮制2和3h达到最大值(14.22和48.72mg/L);琥珀酸的含量变化不大,谷氨酸的质量浓度在煮制5 h时达到最大值(291.39 mg/L),这些呈味物质对鸡汤鲜味具有重要的贡献。鸡汤的味精当量值(EUC)在5 h达到最高值(0.28 g MSG/100 g)。多肽含量在4 h时达到最大值(12.06 g/L)。  相似文献   

4.
为对比分析了4种酸菜中游离氨基酸、有机酸、核苷酸的含量及呈味特性,采用高效液相色谱仪对其进行分离鉴定,通过计算味道强度值确定了各呈味成分对酸菜滋味的贡献。结果表明:4种酸菜中呈鲜味的门冬氨酸含量最高,占总游离氨基酸含量的46.00%~53.21%,其次为呈苦味的精氨酸和呈甜味的丙氨酸;酸菜样品1、3和4中的乳酸含量最高,分别占总有机酸含量的41.69%、30.96%和38.76%,其次为乙酸、草酸;样品2中有机酸含量排名前3位的分别为草酸、乳酸和乙酸。样品1中核苷酸含量最高为0.0556 mg/g,其次为样品2中核苷酸含量0.0516 mg/g。味道强度值分析发现,4种酸菜中门冬氨酸、草酸、甲酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸的味道强度值均大于1,对酸菜滋味的贡献较大。  相似文献   

5.
为了考察加盐方式对鸡汤呈味物质的影响,采用高效液相色谱法对煮制前加盐、煮制后加盐和不加盐3种煮制鸡汤中的核苷酸、有机酸、游离氨基酸含量进行了检测与分析,以鸡汤中呈味物质的滋味活性值(TAV)和味精当量(EUC)为评价指标,结果发现,煮制前加盐鸡汤中5?-胞苷酸、5?-鸟苷酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸含量和游离氨基酸总量均大于其他两种加盐方式煮制的鸡汤。3种煮制样品中乳酸和琥珀酸的TAV均大于1,对鸡汤的滋味有直接贡献,而天冬氨酸在3种煮制方式中的含量没有显著变化。感官评价结果显示,煮制前加盐鸡汤的整体风味最好。  相似文献   

6.
采用高效液相色谱法分析了两种发酵酱油中的氨基酸。结果表明,低盐固态发酵酱油与高盐稀态发酵酱油中均含有丰富的氨基酸,8种必需氨基酸含量比例分别达到46.05%与41.45%。虽然低盐固态发酵酱油的总氨基酸与必须氨基酸的含量高于高盐稀态发酵酱油,但高盐稀态发酵酱油中呈味氨基酸特别是甜味和鲜味氨基酸的含量较高,从而使高盐稀态发酵酱油滋味更加鲜美。  相似文献   

7.
为分析猪肉、牛肉与鸡肉酶解液中游离氨基酸的组成、含量及呈味特性,采用氨基酸自动分析仪分析检测猪肉、牛肉与鸡肉酶解液中的游离氨基酸,通过计算味道强度值(TAV)确定各游离氨基酸对猪肉、牛肉与鸡肉酶解液滋味的贡献率。结果表明,鸡肉酶解液中鲜味和甜味氨基酸的质量分数以及TAV均大于猪肉和牛肉酶解液,3种酶解液中TAV最大的均为组氨酸,其次为苯丙氨酸,两者均为苦味氨基酸,由此可见,猪、牛和鸡肉酶解液整体滋味以苦味为主。  相似文献   

8.
为对比分析猪肉、牛肉与鸡肉酶解液中游离氨基酸的组成及含量,采用氨基酸自动分析仪分析检测猪肉、牛肉与鸡肉酶解液中的游离氨基酸,通过计算味道强度值(TAV)确定各游离氨基酸对猪肉、牛肉与鸡肉酶解液滋味的贡献率。 结果表明,鸡肉酶解液中鲜味和甜味氨基酸质量分数以及味道强度值均大于猪肉和牛肉酶解液,3种酶解液中味道强度值最大的均为组氨酸,其次为苯丙氨酸,均为呈苦味氨基酸,可见猪、牛、鸡肉酶解液整体滋味以苦味为主。  相似文献   

9.
为了探究酶对热反应红烧风味香精滋味的影响,采用高效液相色谱法分析猪肉酶解液中游离氨基酸的含量,并结合感官评价和电子舌分析技术对红烧风味香精进行了滋味鉴定,同时结合电子鼻分析香精的气味轮廓。结果表明,制备红烧风味香精的最优酶复配方式为:加酶量0.3%〔m(木瓜蛋白酶)∶m(风味酶)∶m(菠萝蛋白酶)=2∶3∶1〕(以瘦肉质量为基准)。最优酶复配方式对应的酶解液中,苦味氨基酸含量最多,为29.32 g/L,其次为鲜味氨基酸,含量为10.21 g/L。对于不同酶复配比例下制备的热反应香精样品,通过电子鼻和感官评价数据的主成分分析可以进行较好地区分,而通过电子舌分析的区分效果则不理想。  相似文献   

10.
为探究增甜型酵母抽提物对10种甜味剂甜味的影响,文中采用高效液相色谱仪和氨基酸自动分析仪对其中的游离氨基酸,5''-核苷酸和有机酸等主要滋味物质进行定量分析;通过滋味活度值(TAV)评价滋味成分对甜味的贡献。结果表明,增甜型酵母抽提物中共鉴定出11种TAV≥1的滋味物质,对滋味的贡献较大;感官评价结果表明,添加质量浓度为0.1 g/L的酵母抽提物可显著增强甜菊糖苷,罗汉果甜苷和三氯蔗糖的甜味;添加质量浓度为0.1 g/L的酵母抽提物可以使甜菊糖苷达到最强甜味感知的时间提前2.98 s;谷氨酸、丙氨酸均可显著增强甜菊糖苷、罗汉果甜苷和三氯蔗糖的甜味感知,柠檬酸可显著增强三氯蔗糖的甜味感知。分子对接结果表明,当谷氨酸或丙氨酸存在时,甜菊糖苷与T1R2之间的疏水相互作用增加。增甜型酵母抽提物对3种甜味剂甜味的增强作用实验,对酵母抽提物的应用和甜味食品的开发具有较为重要的理论支撑。  相似文献   

11.
Common Amino Acid Pattern of Different Cheese Types In 20 different cheeses the amino acids including the non casein amino acids ornithine and citrulline were determined quantitatively. Correlations were found between the total amino acid content of a cheese and the molar proportion of phenylalanine, leucine, lysine or the sum of arginine, ornithine and citrulline. The molar proportion of phenylalanine, leucine or the sum of arginine, ornithine and citrulline decreases with increasing amount of free amino acids in the cheese while in contrast to that the molar proportion of lysine increases. It is tried to explain this behaviour by the different specificity of the proteases present in cheese. A correlation between the taste of a cheese and its amino acid pattern could not be detected. Only in Italico- and Bel Paese-cheeses a slightly bitter taste may be caused by a high molar proportion of the bitter tasting amino acids leucine, phenylalanine and arginine in the free amino acids.  相似文献   

12.
Consumption of pollens from several host plants was quantified for adult western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, with significantly more sweet corn and winter squash pollen consumed than that of common sunflower and Canada goldenrod. Sequential solvent extraction and chromatographic fractionation of host pollens, guided by a feeding bioassay of respective fractions, isolated dominant phagostimulatory activity in pools of free amino acids. Amino acid profiles were determined by TLC and HPLC analysis. For sweet corn pollen, proline was predominant, accounting for 70% of a total 95.3 mol free amino acid/g pollen; serine, alanine, -aminobutyric acid (GABA), and asparagine occurred in decreasing order of concentration. In squash pollen, -alanine predominated (30% of 111 mol amino acid/g pollen), followed by asparagine, alanine, proline, and GABA. Histidine (42% of 83.8 mol amino acid/g pollen), proline, aspartic acid, asparagine, and alanine were dominant for sunflower pollen; and for goldenrod, proline (51% of 50.6 mol amino acid/g pollen), trans-hydroxyproline, serine, histidine, and alanine predominated. The five dominant amino acids from each pollen accounted for 80–90% of total amino acid content. Simple mixtures of some dominant amino acids, approximating levels found in sweet corn and squash pollen, gave phagostimulation similar to that of the crude extracts.  相似文献   

13.
谢建春 《精细化工》2013,30(10):1122-1128,1172
采用固相萃取/反相高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱(RP-HPLC-APCI MS)、反相高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱(RP-HPLC-ESI MS),分析了脂肪调控氧化工艺制备的氧化鸡脂的极性非(难)挥发性物质组成。鉴定出甘三酯的双氢过氧化物、单氢过氧化物、单环氧化物及甘二酯等4类共35种化合物,其中单氢过氧化物23种占绝大多数。以三亚油酸甘三酯单氢过氧化物为外标定量分析氧化鸡脂中单氢过氧化物,总含量为121.36mg/kg氧化鸡脂,其中含量最高的为亚油酸二油酸甘三酯单氢过氧化物(45.05 mg/kg)。研究表明,鸡脂调控氧化主要对鸡脂中含不饱和脂肪酸的甘三酯进行氧化,是较为温和的氧化工艺,形成的极性非(难)挥发性氧化产物主要是肉香前体——甘三酯单氢过氧化物。  相似文献   

14.
The effects of 52 amino acids and derivatives on feeding responses of adult western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (WCR) were investigated. L-Alanine was the most phagostimulatory amino acid, followed by L-serine, and -alanine. All three amino acids showed a dose–response pattern but at the highest dose (500 nmol/disk) feeding by WCR decreased. In structure–activity relationship studies, four structural features for stimulating WCR feeding were found. First, terminal carboxyl and amino acid groups must be intact since all structural modifications in these groups led to a considerable decrease in feeding. Second, a hydrophobic region sterically limited to a two-saturated-carbon insert between the amino and carboxyl groups is associated with stimulatory effects at the L-alanine taste receptor. Third, L-alanine and L-serine are much more potent stimulants than the D enantiomers of these amino acids. Fourth, the hydrogen domain on the -carbon of L-alanine is sterically constrained. A -hydroxyl group on the amino acid side chain, such as in L-serine, does not reduce stimulatory taste, which indicates the presence of another binding domain. Therefore, L-alanine and L-serine either have separate binding sites on the taste cells of WCR or an un-ionized, polar grouping extending from the hydrophobic domain of the L-alanine binding site is permitted. The three most phagostimulatory amino acids (L-alanine, L-serine, and -alanine) are nonessential amino acids, suggesting that amino acid sensitivity in WCR may be tuned to quantitatively relevant signals rather than just nutritionally important amino acids in a food.  相似文献   

15.
酿酒行业每年都会产生大量酒糟,为减少酒糟的丢弃浪费与环境污染,研究酒糟内总成分含量、总抗氧化能力,可为后期开发利用提供理论支持。研究采用茚三酮法、福林酚法、苯酚-硫酸法测定酒糟内总氨基酸、总多酚、多糖含量,同时采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazyl,DPPH)法、2,2′-联氮双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑林-6-磺酸)二胺盐[2,2′-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothi azoline-6-sulfonic acid)ammonium salt,ABTS]法、超氧阴离子(Superoxide anion,O-2)法测定酒糟液不同稀释倍数抗氧化能力。谷物酿酒后的副产物中总氨基酸、总多酚、多糖平均含量分别达到9.7998、0.6289、2.8203 mg/mL,对DPPH、ABTS、O-2的自由基清除率均达到90%以上。酒糟液富含大量氨基酸、多酚、多糖,有较强抗氧化能力,可开发为新型产品,为企业带来下游效益的同时减轻环境污染,为后续高效利用酒糟液奠定基础。  相似文献   

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