Application of Passband Decision Feedback Equalization in Two-Dimensional Data Communication Systems

We describe and experimentally evaluate a receiver structure for two-dimensional data communication systems based on passband decision feedback equalization and data-directed carrier recovery. The forward and feedback tap coefficients and the demodulator's carrier phase angle are adjusted adaptively; the carrier recovery and demodulation operation, as in the case of a linear equalization receiver, can compensate for rather severe frequency offset and phase jitter. Experimental results are reported of simulations of the receiver on voiceband telephone channels.     

A Method of Self-Recovering Equalization for Multilevel Amplitude-Modulation Systems

A self-recovering equalization algorithm, which is employed in multilevel amplitude-modulated data transmission, is presented. Such a self-recovering equalizer has been required when time-division multiplexed (TDM) voice or picturephone PCM signals must be transmitted over the existing frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) transmission channel. The present self-recovering equalizer is quite simple, as is a conventional binary equalizer. The convergence processes of the present self-recovering equalizer are shown by computer simulation. Some theoretical considerations on this convergence process are also added.     

Combining Decision-Feedback Equalization and Carrier Recovery for Two-Dimensional Signal Constellations

In this paper, the combination of decision feedback equalizer and digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is investigated in detail in channels impaired by intersymbol interference and phase noise. Various methods for carrier phase recovery in several system configurations are analyzed and compared. Two cases of phase noise are considered. In the first one, the significant phase noise is in the receiver side, whereas in the second case, the significant noise is in the transmitter side. We select the best estimation schemes for the two cases and analyze them in terms of residual phase jitter, optimal loop gain, and complexity of implementation. Their performances relative to the other schemes are verified by simulations under both high and low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, where in the latter, the mean time to lose lock criterion is used. We show the relevance of knowing the source of the phase noise. We also treat the special case of one-dimensional signal constellations, such as binary phase-shift keying and gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK), where further optimizations are employed. Finally, the more general case of phase noise, which originates both in the transmitter and the receiver in the same order of magnitude is introduced. For this case, the new transmitter phase noise loop is combined with the receiver loop to a double DPLL.     

Baseband Equalization and Carrier Recovery in Digital Radio Systems

The influence of adaptive baseband equalization on decision-feedback carrier recovery performance is investigated. First, it is shown that the delay introduced by the equalizer in the carrier recovery loop does not have basic consequences on system performance. Second, the interaction between the two adaptive circuits is studied for four different equalizer adaptation algorithms. It is found that algorithms based on the zero-forcing criterion are unstable unless they are used with an appropriate constraint. With gradient-type algorithms based on the minimum mean square error criterion, the interaction leads to an improved carrier acquisition performance at the expense of a larger phase jitter. It is therefore concluded that even with these latter algorithms it is generally worthwhile to avoid the interaction by forcing the imaginary part of the equalizer reference tap to zero. The theoretical analysis (carried out with a single complex tap equalizer) is supported by experimental results and computer simulation.     

频率选择性信道下高速数据传输中的单载波频域均衡技术

本文利用空时联合检测的方法，提出了在频率选择性信道下多天线发送的单载波频域均衡方案，它可以提供和一个发送天线多个接收天线单载波系统相同的分集增益，和单载波时域均衡相比具有低的复杂度。分析了信道估计误差对系统的影响，类似于基于迫零算法的线性均衡器的情形，在低信噪比下，信道估计误差对系统影响很大，给出了一种简单的克服方法。在不增加发射功率的情况下，使用信道编码可以进一步改善系统的性能。本方案的系统性能在6径典型城市信道模型下进行了评估，仿真的结果证明了本方案的有效性。     

单载波通信系统的迭代频域合成均衡算法

为提高符号间干扰(ISI)信道条件下信号接收的可靠性,该文研究单载波通信系统的多天线空间分集接收问题,提出一种迭代频域合成均衡算法。该算法推导先验信息条件下合成均衡器的频域传输函数,并借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)实现合成均衡器系数和均衡滤波的高效计算。仿真结果表明,相比时域算法,该算法能够在不损失性能的前提下,大幅降低运算复杂度。与单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)算法相比,该算法不需要在数据传输的结构中插入循环前缀(CP),提高频谱利用率,能够直接应用于现有单载波通信系统。     

一种改进的单载波频域迭代均衡算法

改进了传统频域迭代均衡算法中相关系数的计算.仿真发现,在数字电视地面广播信道,提出的算法以更低的复杂度获得了比已有算法更好的性能.     

Semiblind Channel Estimation for MIMO Single Carrier With Frequency-Domain Equalization Systems

We propose a semiblind channel-estimation method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) single carrier with frequency-domain equalization systems. By taking advantage of periodic precoding and the block circulant channel model after cyclic prefix removal, we obtain the channel-product matrices by solving a series of decoupled linear systems, which is gained from the covariance matrix of the received data. Then, the channel-impulse-response matrix is obtained by computing the positive eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hermitian matrix formed from the channel-product matrices. We also propose an optimal design of the precoding sequence, which minimizes the noise effect and numerical error in covariance matrix estimation, and discuss the impact of the optimal sequence on channel equalization. With the proposed framework, the method is shown to be robust with respect to channel-order overestimation, and the identifiability condition is simply that the channel-impulse-response matrix has full column rank. Due to the identifiability condition, the method is applicable to MIMO channels with more transmitters or more receivers. Simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.      

多路放大系统的增益均衡

研究了铒光纤长度对多路波分复用放大系统性能的影响。计算结果表明，选择适当的铒光纤长度能够有效地减小多路放大系统的增益偏差，实现均衡放大。     

适用于多电平数字通信系统的盲均衡算法

本文提出并讨论了一个适用于多电平数字通信系统的盲均衡算法。研究结果表明,该算法具有可靠的收敛性,而且收敛后的性能令人满意。     

MIMO系统均衡技术的研究现状

通信中的各种均衡技术已经比较成熟,在各个领域都得到了应用。这几年来阵列天线被推广应用,提出了多输人多输出（MIMO）的概念。将传统均衡技术引用到MIMO中,不仅面对运算复杂和收敛速度慢的问题,还面对MIMO特有的传输矩阵为矮矩阵、信道阶数模糊的问题。因此,应用于MIMO系统的均衡技术需要做专门研究。论文分别就当前MIMO系统中基于训练序列、盲均衡和半盲均衡发展的主要问题进行评述,最后展望了MIMO均衡技术的未来发展。     

数字中继卫星通信系统中的载波恢复技术

载波频偏估计是数字中继卫星通信系统中的一个关键技术。对非线性变换FFT载波频偏估计算法进行了推导,采用基于周期图峰值位置的三点插值法对FFT算法进行了改进,进一步采用二叉搜索法实现更高精度的载波频偏估计。给出了计算机仿真结果,表明该方案能够有效抑制噪声,在有限的计算量下具有良好的频偏估计性能。     

All-digital Carrier Frequency Tracking Method in LEO DS/SS Communication

An efficient method to track the carrier frequency which is recommended to use in low earth orbit（LEO） direct-sequence spread-spectrum（DS/SS） communication system is given. The carrier frequency drifts quicker in LEO DS/SS communication system, its tracking problem becomes much more important especially in digital receiver with the limits of physical shape and power. Under the condition of coarse carrier frequency synchronization, a digital tracking method based on least square method（LSM） is proved to be a quick, simple and efficient method. Numerical results and charts are given.     

单载波MIMO对流层散射系统的信道估计

针对对流层散射信道的频率选择性,提出了一种基于训练序列的单载波空时分组编码(Space Time Block Code,STBC)系统的信道估计算法。首先建立了单载波空时分组编码系统的系统模型,确定了发送分组结构和接收技术;接着提出了信道估计算法,并讨论该算法中Chu序列的最优性;最后通过仿真分析了信道估计算法的性能和效率。     

MU-MIMO-OFDM上行频偏与信道联合跟踪

本文提出了一种在MU-MIMO-OFDM （Multiple-User Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing）上行链路中,联合跟踪残留频偏（Residual Carrier Frequency Offset,RCFO）和信道的算法.本算法采用EM （Expectation Maximization）方法求解该非线性问题,并使用变分推断来近似原来复杂的隐变量的后验概率.在估计RCFO时,考虑了信道估计误差的概率分布,从而降低了信道估计误差对跟踪性能的影响.仿真中,本算法达到了较高的跟踪精度,尤其是在高信噪比时没有误差平台问题.     

单载波频域均衡在地空高速数据链的应用

地空数据链的信道属于低仰角的多径信道,存在较严重的符号间干扰。正交频分复用(OFDM)是得到认可的有效抗多径方案,单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)采用与OFDM相似的频域均衡方式,具有与OFDM相近的性能和复杂度,并克服了OFDM的一些不足。在比较SC-FDE和OFDM相似性、分析SC-FDE的信道估计与均衡基础上,提出了采用SC-FDE的地空高速数据链解调器结构,该结构在保留单载波处理的优点条件下实现高效的频域均衡。     

Tracking Properties of Phase-Locked Loops in Optical Communication Systems

This paper analyzes the performance of a phase-locked loop driven by the photodetector current in an optical receiver. The variance of the phase-errors of the loop is found as a function of the relevant system parameters. The results are in good agreement with experimental data obtained via computer simulation.     

路灯监控系统中的载波数据通信

文章介绍了一个电力线载波数据通信技术在微机路灯监控系统中的应用实例。文章除了对系统的构成作了原理性的描述外 ,亦对为保障通信可靠而采用的一些相关技术 ,如双电源供电、阻波器使用以及跨不同变压器供电范围通信等作了具体介绍。