40%超乐乳油防治蔬菜斜纹夜蛾田间药效试验

为明确４０％超乐乳油对蔬菜斜纹夜蛾的防治效果，我们于１９９７年９月在宁波市北仑区备矸村蔬菜基地进行了田间药效试验。现将结果报告如下。１　材料与方法１－１　供试药剂及处理项目　　供试作物为秋花椰菜，生育期为尚未结球的８～１０叶期，试验时斜纹夜蛾正处于尚未分散为害的低龄幼虫期，也有少量高龄幼虫。试验设４０％超乐乳油（有效成分：马拉硫磷、毒死蜱，浙江新安化工集团股份有限公司生产）１０００、１５００、２０００倍；对照药剂为５％百事达（有效成分：顺式氯氰菊酯，美国ＦＭＣ生产，江苏分装）１５００倍＋１８％杀…     

农地乐52．25％乳油防治甜菜夜蛾田间药效试验与示范

试验结果表明,农地乐 ５２．２５ＥＣ防治甜菜夜蛾速效性好于对照药剂抑太保和除尽,药后 １ｄ的防效,１０００、６６７倍液达 ８０％以上,５００倍液达 ９０％以上。药后 ７ｄ的防效,１０００、６６７倍液为 ９１．４％～９３．３％,与抑太保 １０％乳油 １０００倍液相当;５００倍液为 ９６．７％,与除尽相当。农地乐 ５２．２５ ＥＣ防治甜菜夜蛾的持效期为 ７～８天。农地乐对作物安全。示范面积２．１× １０３ｈｍ２,平均防 效达 ８５％以上。农地乐 ５２．２５ ＥＣ已成为冀东防治甜菜夜蛾的首选药剂。     

11%氧乐.酮乳同防治麦蚜,小麦白粉病试验

田间试验结果表明，１１％氧乐；酮乳油防治麦蚜，小麦白粉病，优于氧乐果对麦蚜的防效，对白粉病的防铲与三唑酮相当，并且具有用药成本低，劳动强度小，一次施药瘘治病虫害的优点，是防治麦田病虫的较好药剂。     

15%乐溴乳油防治菜青虫和蚜虫

１５％乐溴乳油防治菜青虫和蚜虫朱文达，吴冰玉，姚中文（湖北省农科院植保所４３００６４）（武汉市蔬菜技术推广站）（汉阳李集农技站）菜青虫和蚜虫是叶菜类蔬菜的主要害虫。防治这些害虫的国产农药出于氏期使用已产生抗药性，而进口农药又价格昂贵，于是有的菜农用甲...     

稼乐乳油防治番茄灰霉病的效果

茄科蔬菜灰霉病是我市保护地蔬菜的主要病害之一，尤其是对番茄，茄子，辣椒的果穗为害严重，造成落果，烂果，严重影响早期产量与品质，为此，我们在掌握病害发生规律的基础上，于2000－2001年引进新药12．5％稼乐乳油进行了防治番茄灰霉病的田间药效试验及大田示范工作。     

11%氧乐·酮乳油防治麦蚜、小麦白粉病试验

田间试验结果表明，１１％氧乐·酮乳油防治麦蚜、小麦白粉病，优于氧乐果对麦蚜的防效，对白粉病的防效与三唑酮相当，并且具有用药成本低，劳动强度小，一次施药兼治病虫害的优点，是防治麦田病虫的较好药剂     

一种新型农药50%草胺净乳油的开发

本文介绍了新型农药５０％草胺净乳油技术指标，生产工艺，主要设备和所需主要原材料。对其技术参数的选择、产品性能测定与分析，提供了部分关键技术数据。具有显著的经济效益和防治效果。     

25%高渗硫丹乳油的气相色谱分析

本文使用５％ＯＶ－１０１／ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂ８８０玻璃色谱柱，氢火焰离子化检测器，对２５％高渗硫丹乳油进行气相色谱分析，以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内标物，对其有效成份进行测定。此法线性关系良好，标准偏差为０．１０，变异系数０．４１％，回收率在９９．４％￣１００．６％之间。     

农药、医药及中间体——我国一些地区高毒农药替代示范推广工作进展情况

广东：示范推广工作安排在清远市和韶关市实施。选择30％氯胺磷乳油、20％三唑磷乳油、40％毒死蜱乳油、15％杀螟腈乳油、1．8％阿维菌素乳油5种农药品种作为防治水稻三化螟的试验药剂。选择30％氯胺磷、40％毒死蜱、5％氟虫腈、10％呋喃虫酰肼、1．8％阿维菌素作为防治稻纵卷叶螟的试验药剂。目前，清远市和韶关市开展的5种药剂不同施药环境防治水稻纵卷叶螟小区试验已结束，正在对试验结果进行分析和总结。     

高效液相色谱法分析辛溴乳油中的溴氰菊酯

高效液相色谱法分析辛溴乳油中的溴氰菊酯张瑞亭，张艳霞（沈阳化工研究院，１１００２１）（河北省栾城县植物激素厂）５０％辛溴乳油中溴氰菊酯含量很低，企业标准中规定≥０，４％，定量分析比较难。通常采用气相色谱法，其缺点是要用石油醚萃取制剂中的溴氰菊酯，操作...     

50%异甲·特丁净乳油防除花生田杂草的效果

为明确50%异甲·特丁净乳油在花生田的应用前景,采用田间小区试验、取样考种的方法,观察了其对花生田主要杂草的控制作用和对花生产量的影响。结果表明,50%异甲·特丁净乳油对花生田马唐、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋等多种一年生杂草均有好的防除效果,随用药量的增加防效逐渐提高,药后40d株防效在85%以上,鲜重防效在90%以上,好于异丙甲草胺、特丁净两药剂单用常规剂量处理的防效,显著提高了花生的产量。     

莫比朗防治柑桔矢尖蚧效果

比较了新近的新型杀虫莫比朗,吡虫啉和速扑杀防治柑桔矢尖蚧的效果。药后１周,３％莫比朗乳油和４０％速扑杀乳油１０００倍的防效相似,分别达到９６．０９％和９７．１２％,大大高于这两种药的其它参试浓度和１０％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂各浓度的防效。     

Atmospheric Carbonaceous Species Measurement Methods Comparison Study: General Motors Results

The General Motors Research Laboratories participated in both the field sampling and round-robin portions of the Carbonaceous Species Intercomparison study that was held in Glendora, CA, during the summer of 1986. Five samplers were operated during the field study. The average particulate elemental carbon (EC) concentrations determined from the five samplers agreed to within 12%. Large differences were observed in the concentrations of particulate organic carbon (OC) determined from the five samplers. Some of the differences are attributed to losses of OC from the filters due to volatilization during the collection period. The amount of volatilization varies with the length of the sampling time and the filter face velocity. In addition, the adsorption of gas-phase organic compounds caused a significant positive interference in the determination of OC. Our OC and EC results for the round-robin samples were compared to the values obtained by the other participating laboratories. The average ratio of our results to the mean of the other laboratories was 0.97 for all the OC data and 1.23 for EC from all but the ambient wood-burning and organic aerosol samples. The ratios for the latter samples were 1.9 or greater. It is concluded that EC can be collected and analyzed with high precision; however, the accuracy of the measurements is unknown since standards for EC in atmospheric particulate do not exist.     

浙江省稻田稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性

应用琼脂法测定了浙江省稻区21个稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗性水平。结果表明,绍兴市郊（2003年）的稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸最敏感,其EC50为0．3268mg／L。以其为敏感生物型,绍兴陶堰（2003年）和温州塘下（2003年）的稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的EC50分别为234．8、227．4mg／L,抗性比分别达到718．48和695,84,表明这两种稗草生物型的抗药性处于极高抗水平。浙江杭州（2003年）的稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的EC50为13．47mg／L,抗性比为41．22,表明该稗草生物型处于高水平抗性阶段。绍兴皋埠（2003年）的稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性还处于低水平抗性阶段,其EC50和抗性比分别为2．096mg／L和6．41。而其余16个稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的EC50为0．4953-1.315mg／L,抗性比为1．52—4．02,表明这些地方稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸敏感。     

Ethyl cellulose/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-based oleogel shortening: Effect on batter rheology and physical properties of sponge cake

This study attempts to fill the gap in ongoing research on the design, optimization, and characterization of ethyl cellulose/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-based (EC/HPMC-based) low-saturated oleogel-shortenings by examining their functional effects on physicochemical, and rheological properties in the cupcake and its batter. Thus, the commercial shortening was completely replaced with the oleogel-shortenings in the cake formulation and, then, characteristics of the batter (including specific gravity, emulsion stability, and rheological properties), and cake samples (specific volume, moisture content, and texture properties) were evaluated and compared with each other and the control samples (containing commercial-shortening). In short, the EC-based- and EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortenings-batters had more specific gravity and emulsion stability than the control-batter. Liner viscoelastic rang in EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortenings-batter, EC-based-oleogel-shortenings-batter, and control-batter was 0.212%, 0.159%, and 0.195%, respectively. EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortenings-batter had a more viscoelastic behavior than EC-based-oleogel-shortening-batter after the control-batter (p < 0.05). The results of frequency sweep and dynamic shear tests indicated a higher similarity of the rheological behavior of the EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortening-batter with the control-batter. The results of moisture content and texture profile analysis of the cake samples indicated a slower staling in the oleogel-shortenings containing samples, especially EC/HPMC-based-oleogel-shortening type.     

Impedance spectroscopic study for the initiation of passive film on carbon electrodes in lithium ion batteries

The formation of passive film at the interface between the mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) electrode and the organic electrolyte in a lithium-ion battery during the initial period of intercalation was investigated by a.c.-impedance spectroscopy. An equivalent-circuit model consisting of five parallel RC-circuits in series combination was adopted for the curve-fitting analysis of the obtained impedance spectra. The results indicated that both the total interfacial resistance and the passive film thickness increased with decreasing intercalation potential in the ethylene carbonate (EC) or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) single-solvent system, whereas an opposite trend was observed in the system containing diethyl carbonate (DEC) only. In addition, the total interfacial resistance was clearly affected by the porous structure of the passive film in a single-solvent system. In binary solvent systems such as EC/DEC and EC/DMC, on the other hand, the effect of the porous structure on the total interfacial resistance was negligible. The total interfacial resistance and the passive film thickness were also smaller in these systems than those in single-solvent systems. Finally, the variation of the total interfacial resistance and of the passive film thickness in the EC/DEC (or EC/DMC) system were also found to be similar to those in the parent DEC (or DMC) system during intercalation.     

Removal of Arsenic from Wastewaters by Airlift Electrocoagulation: Part 3: Copper Smelter Wastewater Treatment

The arsenic content in wastewater is of major concern for copper smelters. A typical complex wastewater treatment is needed with a combination of chemical and physical processes. Electrocoagulation (EC) has shown its potential for arsenic removal due to the formation of ferric hydroxide-arsenate precipitates. This work evaluates the feasibility of EC as a treatment process at various stages during conventional copper smelter wastewater treatment – with a focus on arsenic. The reactor used is a batch airlift electrocoagulator. The results showed that raw copper smelter wastewater was difficult to treat for arsenic and heavy metals with EC, mainly due to the very low pH. On the other hand, after a preliminary Ca(OH)₂ treatment for sulphate and heavy metal removal, arsenic could be removed totally by EC. In addition, EC could also be applied as a final remediation control tool for arsenic since the national threshold value for wastewater discharge could rapidly be reached when the conventional method did not clean the wastewater sufficiently.     

4种制剂化新化合物对温室黄瓜白粉病的防治效果

温室试验20%SYP-3759 SC、20%SYP-4155 EC、20%SYP-3399 SC和20%SYP-3998 SC等4种新化合物对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果.结果表明:甲氧基丙烯酸酯类候选杀菌剂20%SYP-4155 EC防效高于其他3种候选杀菌剂.20%SYP-4155 EC 150 g a.i./hm2的防效由第1次施药7 d后的72.48%上升到第4次施药7 d后的81.50%,显著高于25%嘧菌@sc 150 g a.i./hm2的防效(由39.23%上升到59.51%),但次于25%吡唑醚菌EC100ga.i/hm2、10%苯醚甲环唑WG100g&i/hm2和12.5%腈菌唑EC45ga.i/hm2的防治效果.20%5YP-4155EC温室以50～150 g a.i./hm2的剂量和7～10 d的间隔期喷施4次表现出良好的防控作用,对黄瓜植株安全,具有良好的应用推广前景.为减缓抗药性产生,建议生产中20%SYP-4155 EC单用施药次数控制在2～4次,或与其他不同作用机制的杀菌剂交替或混合使用.     

蒙脱石-氯化铁的红外光谱分析

通过吡啶吸附红外光谱分析了蒙脱石 (EC1)、蒙脱石 -氯化铁 (EC4 ( )、EC4 ( )、EC7、EC9)特征吸收峰的相对强度。在 EC4 ( )、EC4 ( )、EC7、EC9中 ,B酸 1 540 cm-1吸收增强 ,而 L酸在1 44 0 cm-1吸收所占总酸量的比例下降。对于苯与氯化苄的反应 ,L酸 1 44 0 cm-1附近吸收所占总酸量的比例越小 ,催化剂的催化性能越强     

环烷基轻质油为介质的25%丙环唑乳油配方

环烷基轻质油作为新型有机溶剂应用于丙环唑乳油的研发中.主要利用优化组合法对多种阴离子和非离子表面活性剂的复配体系及其他助剂进行筛选,确定25%丙环唑乳油最佳配方:丙环唑25%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚6.5%,十二烷基苯磺酸钙1.5%,异丙醇与环烷基轻质油B复合溶剂67%.该乳油的乳化分散性、乳液稳定性和冷、热贮稳定性均符合国家标准.热贮后的气相色谱分析结果表明此配方中丙环唑分解率为2.3%.