PA66／TLCP原位复合材料的热性能、形貌及力学性能研究

通过挤出和注射成型制备了聚酰胺66／热致液晶聚酰胺（PA66／FLCP）原位复合材料，研究了其热性能、形貌及力学性能。DSC分析表明，PA66和TLCP相容性较好，随着TLCP含量的增加，PA66的结晶度、结晶速率下降；SEM分析表明，TLCP在PA66基体中分散均匀，两相相容性较好，当加入10％（质量分数，下同）的TLCP时，TLCP形成长径比比较大的纤维；拉伸试验结果表明，当加入TLCP后，PA66的力学性能有明显的改善。当加入10％的TLCP时，共混物的力学性能增幅最大，拉伸强度增加79．6％，拉伸模量增加120．4％，断裂伸长率明显下降。     

热致液晶聚合物增强PP/mPE原位复合材料的研究

采用热致液晶聚合物（TLCP）对PP及PP/mPE共混物进行增强，制得PP／TLCP和PP／mPE／TLCP原位复合材料。探讨了TLCP对复合材料拉伸性能、低温冲击性能和加工流变行为的影响。结果表明，加入15％的TLCP可以显著提高PP和PP／mPE的刚性，改善加工流动性。但由于体系的相容性较差，基体的拉伸强度有所降低，低温冲击韧性也有显著的降低。     

两亲性超支化聚（胺-酯）对PVC／PP共混体系的增容作用

研究了两亲性超支化聚（胺-酯）（A-HPAE）对PVC／PP共混体系的增容作用，讨论了其用量对PVC／A-HPAE／PP共混体系力学性能和复数黏度的影响。结果表明，在PVC／PP共混物中加入2份（质量份，下同）A-HPAE时，能很好地改善共混体系的相容性，使共混物的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到26．18mPa和18．72％，比未加的分别提高了107．67％和34．68％；共混体系的绝对复数黏度随着A-HPAE用量的增大而降低；扫描电子显微镜分析表明，A-HPAE增强了PVC和PP之间的界面黏结作用，减小了共混体系中分散相的尺寸。     

动态固化聚丙烯／环氧树脂共混物的制备工艺研究

将动态硫化技术应用于热塑性树脂／热固性树脂体系，制备了动态固化聚丙烯／环氧树脂共混物，研究了动态固化PP／环氧树脂共混物制备工艺条件即增容剂、固化剂、环氧树脂的环氧当量及其含量等因素对共混物力学性能的影响。实验结果表明，选择马来酸酐接枝的均聚聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)作为增容剂，所制得的动态固化PP／环氧树脂共混物的力学性能较好。2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(EMI-2，4)的适宜用量为1．2％(每100份环氧树脂使用4份)。环氧当量对共混物的性能影响不大。当环氧树脂的含量为5％～10％时，动态固化PP／环氧树脂共混物的综合性能明显好于PP，特别是具有较高的强度和模量。     

增韧剂/纳米CaCO3并用对聚丙烯共混体系力学性能的影响

研究了不同的增韧剂（EPDM、HDPE、LDPE和SBS）对聚丙烯共混物力学性能的影响,EPDM含量为15％时,共混物的拉伸强度下降较小,冲击强度比纯聚丙烯提高450％。采用正交实验法,研究了纳米CaCO3和EPDM并用对PP共混物力学性能的影响,含量6％的纳米CaCO3具有增强和增韧作用;纳米CaCO3与EPDM并用能协同增强聚丙烯;PP／EPDM／纳米CaCO3的质量比为74／20／6时,聚丙烯共混体系的综合力学性能较好。     

PA66/TLCP共混物的结晶行为及力学性能研究

采用直接注塑法制备了聚酰胺66(PA66)/热致聚酰胺液晶(TLCP)复合材料,研究了共混物的结晶行为、晶体形貌和力学性能.DSC研究表明,PA66和TLCP有较好的相容性,随着TLCP含量的增加,PA66的结晶度、结晶速率下降.偏光显微照片显示,在PA66中加入TLCP后,PA66的球晶明显增大,晶界模糊,成为不规则的多面体.红外光谱分析表明,TLCP和PA66分子间存在着较强的相互作用,形成了大量的氢键.力学性能分析表明,当加入质量含量5%的TLCP时,PA66的拉伸强度、拉伸模量增幅最大,分别达25.4%、26.3%,当TLCP的质量含量小于5%时,PA66和TLCP分子间相容性较好,形成大量的分子间氢键,从而提高了力学性能;当TLCP的质量含量大于5%时,TLCP分子间形成了互锁的氢键,影响了共混材料力学性能的进一步提高.     

PP／PET／EPDM-g-GMA共混物结构与性能研究

通过反应共混制备了PP／PET／EPDM—g-GMA共混物。用扫描电镜和图像处理软件对共混物形貌进行定性和定量分析，用偏光显微镜观察共混物等温结晶形态，最后测量共混物的力学性能。结果表明：在PP／PET共混物中加入EPDM-g—GMA后，两相相容性改善，进一步加入成核剂后分散相尺寸更小、粒径分布更均匀；PP球晶随PET的混入而减小；在PP／PET体系中加入EPDM-g—GMA起到反应增容和橡胶增韧的协同效应，使缺口冲击强度由未加增容剂时的2．0kJ／m^2提高至6．6k．1／m^2，弹性模量较PP提高了38％；PP／PET共混物的拉伸强度随PET含量的增加下降，在相同PET含量的情况下，加入EPDM—g-GMA后，共混物的拉伸强度与未增容体系基本一致。     

聚丙烯／聚丁烯热塑性弹性体共混物力学性能的研究

采用不同相对分子质量的聚丁烯热塑性弹性体，对聚丙烯(PP)进行共混改性，并研究了共混物的力学性能和热性能.结果表明：不同相对分子质量的聚丁烯热塑性弹性体对PP均具有较好的增韧改性效果，随着共混物中弹性体含量的增加，共混物冲击强度和断裂伸长率均明显增大，而拉伸强度、硬度和耐热温度有一定的下降；在0～20份范围内，当共混物中弹性体含量相同时，相对分子质量较大的聚丁烯热塑性弹性体对PP的改性效果更好，其共混物的拉伸强度、刚性、韧性及耐热性均较高。     

聚丙烯/超高摩尔质量聚乙烯共混物的结构与性能研究

研究了不同物料比和加工工艺对聚丙烯（PP）／超高摩尔质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）共混体系性能的影响。结果表明，PP／UHMWPE共混体系具有比音一组分更高的冲击性能，当体系中UHMWPE的质量分数为60％时，共混物的冲击强度高达101kJ/m^2，分别是PP的1．8倍和UHMWPE的1．3倍，将UHMWPE加入PP中可明显降低PP的摩擦系数，提高其耐磨性，而适量UHMWPE加入PP中，对UHMWPE的耐磨性能无不良影响，对以PP为连续相的共混体系，混炼方式对共混物的性能影响大，偏光显微镜分析表明，当PP／UHMWPE共混体系中UHMWPE的质量分数大于40％时，就很难观察到明显的PP大球晶结构，DSC分析显示，PP／UHMWPE共混物出现了两纯组分熔点的结晶熔融峰，PP／UHMWPE为热力学不相容体系。     

聚丙烯／热致液晶聚合物／玻璃纤维混杂复合材料的制备及性能研究

提出了一种制备原位混杂复合材料的新途径。将聚丙烯(PP)、热致液晶聚合物(TLCP)与玻璃纤维(GF)在高于TLCP熔点的温度下熔融共混挤出，经适当拉伸，然后造粒，得到TLCP成纤良好的PP／TLCP／GF复合材料粒料。将其在不同温度下注射成型，考察了成型温度对所得混杂复合材料中TLCP组分的形态及材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，注射成型温度对最终复合材料中TLCP形态及材料的力学性能有明显的影响。当注射温度为200℃和220℃，即低于TLCP的熔融温度较多时，所得混杂复合材料中TLCP组分保持了较好的微纤结构，复合材料具有良好的力学性能。注射成型温度为240℃时，复合材料中TLCP相开始出现熔融回缩；而当加工温度高于260℃后，TLCP分散相主要成球形。随注射成型温度升高，混杂复合材料的力学性能逐渐下降。在基体中加入聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)作为增容剂，可以同时改善PP与TLCP、PP与GF之间的界面黏结，从而有利于混杂复合材料力学性能的提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。