PPS/PC共混物力学性能的研究

测量丁聚苯硫醚／聚碳酸酯（PPS／PC）二元共混物的力学性能，并考察了PC含量对PPS／PC／EP（环氧树脂）共混体系力学性能的影响。结果表明，加入适量的PC树脂，可在一定程度上改善PPS树脂的拉伸强度、拉伸断裂强度、弯曲强度和冲击断裂韧性。     

PPES/PPS共混物的性能研究

采用熔融挤出、注射成型的方法制备了含二氮杂萘酮结构聚醚砜（PPES）和聚苯硫醚(PPS)共混物,对共混物的熔融加工性能、相容性以及力学性能能进行了研究。结果表明,共混物的熔体流动速率随着PPS含量的增加而增加,且当PPS含量较少时,共混物的熔体流动速率即有大幅度的上升;该共混物为热力学不相容体系;随着PPS含量的增加,共混物的力学性能先降低后上升,且当PPS含量约为30 %（质量分数,下同）时,共混物的力学性能最低。     

聚苯硫醚反应性共混体系的增韧研究

通过尼龙66（PA66）与环氧树脂、聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐（PE-g-MA）与环氧树脂类弹性体（E）的反应挤出,分别获得了具有微交联界面结构的PPS／PA66／环氧树脂共混体系和PPS／PE-g-MA／E共混体系,对共混物的损耗因数、力学性能及冲击断面形貌进行了研究。实验表明,因界面反应而产生的微交联结构提高了共混体系的相容性,可使体系的缺口冲击强度提高3倍;同时高活性的反应基团还可提供基体与纤维的界面黏结,使共混体系的强度得到提高,并使体系的耐热性得以保持。     

EVM/NBR动态硫化共混物性能的研究

研究了橡胶型乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＭ）／ＮＢＲ共混比、硫黄和叔丁基酚醛树脂（２４０２树脂）硫化体系对共混物性能的影响，并对比了动态硫化和静态硫化共混物在性能上的差异。试验结果表明，ＥＶＭ／ＮＢＲ共混比显著影响共混物的力学性能，而采用ＮＢＲ预先动态硫化的方法后，共混物胶料的挤出口型膨胀率明显减小，老化性能得到改善，同时减弱了硫黄和２４０２树脂等硫化体系对ＥＶＭ硫化的影响，使多种硫化体系可以共存于共混物中。ＤＳＣ分析表明ＥＶＭ／ＮＢＲ动态硫化共混物只有一个玻璃化温度，且介于ＥＶＭ和ＮＢＲ之间，说明ＥＶＭ和ＮＢＲ具有良好的相容性。     

PPESK／PAR共混物流动性、相容性及热性能研究

采用熔融共混挤出方法制备了不同配比的新型含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚芳醚砜酮（PPESK）／聚芳酯（PAR）共混物，考察了该共混体系的熔融加工性能及力学性能，采用扫描电镜（SEM）、动态热机械仪（DMTA）及热失重（TGA）对PPESK/PAR共混物的相容性及热性能进行表征和研究，采用多重扫描速率下的不定温法在氮气氛围中对PPESK/PAR热稳定性进行研究。结果表明：该共混体系为部分相容体系，聚芳酯的共混加入可以明显地改善PPESK熔融加工性能，加入PAR后降低了PPESK的热稳定性，共混物的力学性能也有不同程度的下降。     

RHDPE/MPOE/滑石粉三元共混体系力学性能的研究

针对回收高密度聚乙烯（RHDPE）制得的管材环刚度不足的缺点，采用滑石粉和自制的改性POE（MPOE）对RHDPE进行了改性，研究了滑石粉和MPOE用量对共混体系力学性能的影响。结果表明，当RHDPE／MPOE／滑石粉的质量配比为50／10／40时，体系的综合力学性能最好。自制改性剂MPOE不仅能增加RHDPE和滑石粉之间的相容性，而且对共混物具有增韧作用。RHDPE／MPOE／滑石粉共混体系中，当滑石粉用量为40％时，制得的RHDPE管材的环刚度比非改性RHDPE管材提高54％。此外，添加少量的氧化聚乙烯蜡能明显改善RHDPE／MPOE／滑石粉共混体系的加工流动性，而对共混物的其它性能影响不大。     

PPS/PA66/GF复合材料的制备及性能研究

在聚苯硫醚（PPS）树脂基体中引入聚酰胺66（PA66）,随着PA66含量增加,PPS/PA66共混物的拉伸强度和弯曲强度逐渐下降,结合PPS/PA66共混物的相形貌分析,提出了通过玻璃纤维（GF）的引入,制备具有互锁结构的PPS/PA66/GF三元体系复合材料,达到同时提高复合材料的强度、刚度及韧性的目的。分别考察了短玻璃纤维（SGF）和中长玻璃纤维（LGF）增强PPS/PA66的综合性能。结果表明,GF的引入显著提高了共混物的力学性能,同时,PPS/PA66/SGF和PPS/PA66/LGF复合材料的扫描电子显微镜和动态力学性能分析都表明共混物内部形成了一个高度互锁的结构。     

氢化丁腈橡胶／超细全硫化粉末丁腈橡胶共混物的结构与性能研究

采用熔融共混工艺制备了氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）／超细全硫化粉末丁腈橡胶（UFPNBR）共混物,研究了共混物相态结构、动态力学性能、力学性能及老化性能,并与HNBR／NBR共混物作了对比。透射电镜观察表明：在HNBR／UFPNBR体系中,HNBR容易形成连续相,UFPNBR为分散相;在HNBR／NBR体系中容易形成双连续相结构。DMA动态力学性能分析表明：2种共混物都只有一个tanδ峰,且相容性较好。HNBR／UFPNBR共混物在玻璃化转变区的tanδ峰值逐渐降低,而HNBR／NBR体系的tanδ峰值先减小后增大。加入适量的UFPNBR能降低HNBR／UFPNBR共混物的压缩永久变形;与常规共混胶相比,HNBR／UFPNBR具有低脆性温度和良好的耐老化性能,但力学性能略低。     

三元乙丙橡胶增韧PET/PC共混物的研究

采用三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）及甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯接枝三元乙丙橡（EPDM-g-GMA）作为PET/PC共混物的改性剂,并对共混体系的力学性能、相容性和断裂机理进行研究。力学性能测试结果表明EPDM-g-GMA质量分数为15%～20%时,共混体系实现了脆韧转变,当加到25%时冲击强度最高可达860 J/m,实现超韧;当PET/PC组成比为48/32时,PET/PC相容性最好,共混体系力学性能最佳。EPDM-g-GMA中环氧官能团与PET的端羧基、羟基发生反应使共混体系相容性提高。SEM结果显示共混物的增韧机理是基体的剪切屈服。     

MAH对LDPE-g-MAH/PA6性能的影响

采用熔融接枝共混法制备了马来酸酐接枝低密度聚乙烯（LDPE-g-MAH）及马来酸酐接枝低密度聚乙烯／尼龙6共混物（LDPE—g-MAH／PA6）,研究了共混物的流变性能、力学性能和吸水性等。结果表明,共混物有较好的相容性,力学性能、耐热性等均较低密度聚乙烯有所改善。当LDPE-g-MAH中MAH用量为1份,共混物中PA6用量为40份时,共混物的力学性能最好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。