硅烷接枝交联法制备发泡用高熔体粘度聚丙烯

以过氧化物为引发剂,不饱和硅烷为接枝单体,不饱和烃类为接枝助剂,并加入交联催化剂,通过反应型双螺杆挤出机一步实现共聚型聚丙烯的接枝和交联;制备出了可用于发泡的高熔体粘度聚丙烯。通过熔体质量流动速率(MFR)和凝胶含量的变化,研究试剂体系对接枝交联改性的作用。结果显示,改性后PP的MFR可降低至0．1 g／ 10min以下,凝胶含量可高达48％以上,体系中各组分都显著影响改性材料熔体的流动性和凝胶含量,缺一不可。随引发剂和硅烷单体含量的增加,体系熔体流动性逐渐降低,凝胶含量增加。而硅烷单体与接枝助剂的最佳量之比为1 :1。通过PP改性前后的力学性能和发泡性能对比研究表明,接枝和交联使改性后PP的耐热性、抗冲击性、拉伸性能均有所改善;而且用改性PP发泡可以获得泡孔均匀、细密,且具有独立泡孔的高质量泡沫塑料。     

原材料对硅烷接枝交联高熔体强度聚丙烯流动性能影响的研究

采用不饱和硅烷为接枝单体,不饱和烯烃为共单体,在双螺杆挤出机上实现均聚型聚丙烯的接枝交联,制得了高熔体强度聚丙烯。实验通过熔体指数(MFR)和凝胶含量的变化研究原材料对改性PP的影响。结果显示,体系中的试剂均严重影响材料的熔体流动性能。在硅烷和共单体共存的条件下,材料的熔体流动性能随引发剂A含量的增加而下降。共单体起到稳定大分子自由基的作用,增加了硅烷的接枝效率和接枝速率,共单体与硅烷最佳摩尔比为1∶1。改性后材料的耐热性、力学性能等均有较大提高。     

用于发泡成型的高熔体强度聚丙烯的研究

在同向双螺杆挤出机上,对聚丙烯(PP)进行硅烷交联,制得高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP),然后制备高发泡倍率的PP制品。分析了改性剂用量对PP熔体流动速率、熔体黏度、熔体强度、凝胶含量、力学性能、热性能和发泡性能的影响。结果表明:自制HMSPP的熔体强度和熔体黏度分别是纯PP的5.01倍和1.52倍,力学性能和耐热性与纯PP相比均有较大提高,可用于成型高发泡倍率制品。     

一步法硅烷接枝交联改性均聚型聚丙烯的研究

通过反应挤出法一步实现均聚型聚丙烯的硅烷接枝和交联,制备出具有部分交联结构的高熔体强度聚丙烯。通过熔体强度、熔体黏度测试和熔体流动速率(MFR)、凝胶含量的变化研究了试剂体系对接枝交联改性的作用。结果显示,改性PP的MFR可降低至0.5g/10m in以下,熔体强度提高4.1倍,熔体剪切黏度提高1.707倍;加入的助剂体系中的各个组分都是有效和必要的,而且体系各个组分之间有相互协同作用;改性配方中各个组分的用量比显著影响改性PP的熔体流动速率和凝胶含量,当引发剂、接枝单体、接枝助剂的用量比为(0.36~0.54)∶1∶0.38时,可以获得最佳的改性效果。     

高熔体强度聚丙烯结晶行为及其发泡性能

在双螺杆挤出机上采用一步硅烷接枝交联法制得了高熔体强度聚丙烯,采用DSC、偏光显微镜研究高熔体强度聚丙烯的结晶行为、结晶结构和结晶形态.研究结果表明:高熔体强度聚丙烯的结晶温度明显增加,硅烷接枝交联促进了聚丙烯的异相成核,使晶粒细化,高熔体强度聚丙烯的发泡效果明显优于普通PP.     

反应挤出共混法制备发泡用聚丙烯的研究

采用反应型双螺杆挤出机,以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)做引发剂,不饱和烯烃为交联助剂,一步实现聚丙烯(PP)与少量低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的共混、接枝与交联,制备出了具有高熔体黏度的发泡用聚丙烯.研究结果表明,改性后PP的熔体流动速率(MFR)可降至0.1 g/10min以下,体系中有质量含量高达48%以上的凝胶产生,当交联助剂含量与引发剂含量的质量比例约为1.31时,可以获得最佳的改性效果.体系中的引发剂和交联助剂均显著影响改性材料的熔体流动性和凝胶含量,在引发剂质量含量达到0.8%以上时,MFR和凝胶含量变化趋势减缓;差示扫描量热分析(DSC)研究表明,交联使体系中PP相和PE相的结晶速率都下降.对改性后的样品进行发泡实验,结果表明采用反应共混改性PP可获得泡孔细密均匀、穿孔很少的高质量泡沫塑料.     

助交联剂TAIC对聚丙烯发泡性能影响的研究

在过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）引发下,研究三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯（TAIC）对聚丙烯（PP）的交联程度、熔体强度及其发泡性能的影响。在TAIC加入前后,分别测定PP的抗流淌能力和熔体流动速率及PP发泡材料的凝胶率和力学性能。结果表明,DCP／TAIC交联体系使PP的抗流淌时间平均延长了6-7min;当DCP为1．4份时,PP发泡材料的最大凝胶率提高14％,拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别提高了24．5％和55．8％。偏光显微镜观察结果显示,在DCP/TAIC交联体系作用下,PP发泡材料表面光滑,泡孔细密且均匀一致。     

反应挤出法制备高熔体强度聚丙烯的研究

采用不饱和硅烷为接枝单体,不饱和烯烃为交联助剂,在双螺杆挤出机上一步法实现了均聚型聚丙烯(PP)的接枝交联,制得了高熔体强度PP。结果表明,接枝单体、交联助剂、引发剂均显著地影响PP的熔体流动性能。在硅烷和交联助剂共存的条件下,PP的熔体流动性能随引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)用量的增加而下降。交联助剂起到稳定大分子自由基的作用,增加了硅烷的接枝效率和接枝速率;并指出硅烷接枝交联法是目前制备高熔体强度PP方法中最有希望实现工业化生产的技术。     

发泡用高熔体强度聚丙烯的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,在同向双螺杆挤出机上对聚丙烯(PP)进行硅烷交联,制备了高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP),然后制得高发泡倍率的PP制品.实验对改性PP的熔体强度、力学性能、热性能和发泡性能进行了表征.结果表明:自制HMSPP的熔体强度是纯PP的5.01倍,力学性能和耐热性与纯PP相比均有较大提高,可用于成型高发泡倍率制品.     

聚丙烯高发泡材料

为提高聚丙烯(PP)的熔体强度,改善PP的发泡性能,用双螺杆挤出机对PP进行硅烷交联改性,制备出了高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)后,进行了模压法发泡的研究.结果表明:HMSPP随着引发剂含量的增加,改性PP的熔体强度提高;PP发泡材料的密度降低至0.118 g/cm3.发泡剂AC的用量及成核剂的含量对发泡材料的表观密度有很大影响,当发泡剂含量为2.5份、成核剂含量为1份时,得到的PP发泡板材密度降低,发泡倍率增大,泡孔均匀致密,力学性能较好.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。