环保塑木复合材料——废旧塑料循环利用领域的发展热点

本文通过对国内外环保塑木复合材料发展的综合研究,描述了目前环保塑木复合材料行业的发展现状以及市场规模,并通过环保塑木复合材料和其他材料的对比分析,预测了行业的未来发展趋势及未来发展空间.     

塑木复合材料助剂进展

综述了塑木复合材料（WPC）的优点、市场情况及前景,主要塑木助剂的作用和发展趋势以及为了改善WPC制品的户外耐用性和外观开发的与WPC助剂（包括润滑剂、相容剂、发泡剂、抗菌剂和着色剂）相关的新技术。     

塑木复合材料的生态性能评价及其在景观设施中的应用

塑木复合材料作为新型的复合材料,由于其具有优良的特性而广泛受到人们的关注。为了探讨塑木复合材料的生态性能及其应用,首先从三个方面(环保性、协调性和环境负载率)对其生态性能进行研究。基于塑木复合材料的寿命周期理论,进一步研究了塑木复合材料在城市景观设施中的具体应用。目前,塑木复合材料在城市景观中的应用范围主要是塑木铺板、塑木围墙、塑木护栏、景观小品等景观设施。     

碱性环境对PE/稻壳塑木复合材料耐磨性能的影响

主要研究了碱性环境对塑木复合材料耐磨性能的影响.结果表明:塑木复合材料的质量增加率随着碱性环境的pH值的增大而增大,随着浸泡时间的延长而增加;碱性环境pH值以及浸泡时间对塑木复合材料的耐磨性能无明显影响.     

塑木复合材料加工工艺要点

20世纪90年代初,作为耐候性地板的塑木复合材料(WPC)产品,首次被广泛销售。塑木复合材料产品概念已迅速发展到栏杆、围栏、装饰、汽车零部件以及其他应用上。向塑料中添加木粉加工成塑木复合材料以降低配方的成本、增加制品的弹性模量和降低热膨胀系数。为了获得塑木制品的这些好处,塑木生产商需要花费一定的成本,即在塑料基质中挤出木纤维,对技术的依赖非常高。塑木复合材料中,木材不是唯一可被添加的自然纤维,但却是最     

塑木复合材料市场和发泡塑木复合材料

综述了塑木复合材料性能、应用、市场及其预测和发泡塑木复合材料技术、发展动向,重点介绍了发泡塑木复合材料的优点、发泡剂、基础树脂、木纤维和工业化产品。     

不同砂布对PE稻/壳塑木复合材料耐磨性能的影响

通过选用三种不同刚玉粒度的砂布对塑木复合材料进行不同转数的耐磨试验,研究了不同的砂布对塑木复合材料耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:砂布的目数越小,对塑木复合材料表面的磨损性越大。同时提出如对塑木复合材料的耐磨性能进行测定比较,建议使用刚玉粒度为180目的3号砂布磨损1 000 r进行试验。     

塑木复合材料及其制备加工

介绍了用木粉或植物纤维填充、增强的塑料——塑木复合材料的发展、性能、制备和加工、市场和应用前景，重点讨论和比较了塑木复合材料配混和加工用的二种重要设备——同向平行双螺杆挤出机和异向锥型双螺杆挤出机的特性和优缺点。     

超分散剂对塑木复合材料性能的影响

以松香、二乙撑三胺和12-羟基硬脂酸为原料,合成了松香超分散剂(RDH)。用RDH对高密度聚乙烯塑木复合材料进行改性,研究了RDH对塑木复合材料力学性能、热性能等的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察复合材料的冲击断面形貌。结果表明:经RDH改性后,塑木复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高了35.2%和21.5%。RDH的加入改善了复合材料的热稳定性,储能模量提高,损耗因子降低。     

人工模拟海水条件对塑木复合材料耐磨性能的影响

研究了人工模拟海水条件对塑木复合材料耐磨性能的影响。研究结果表明：海水的浸泡时间和海水盐度对塑木复合材料的质量磨损量均无明显影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.