SiO_2气凝胶核/聚苯乙烯壳复合阻燃保温板实验研究

实验过程采用热压浸渍加入发泡剂方法制备发泡型Si O2气凝胶核/聚苯乙烯壳复合珠粒,当加入14份发泡剂珠粒在90℃、压力0.9 MPa条件下反应9 h制备得到发泡剂含量为7%左右的可发性复合珠粒。同时对其发泡成型的原理、工艺流程、影响因素及参数控制等进行了研究,实验结果表明,在蒸汽压力为0.4 MPa的条件下经40 s制备得到发泡倍率为20左右、密度为0.025 g/cm3的预发复合珠粒,再经过模塑蒸汽发泡,蒸汽压力0.35 MPa、通气时间180 s,最终制备出保温性能优异(导热系数可达0.026 W/(m·K))、力学性能良好的Si O2气凝胶核/聚苯乙烯壳复合保温板。     

聚丙烯高发泡材料

为提高聚丙烯(PP)的熔体强度,改善PP的发泡性能,用双螺杆挤出机对PP进行硅烷交联改性,制备出了高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)后,进行了模压法发泡的研究.结果表明:HMSPP随着引发剂含量的增加,改性PP的熔体强度提高;PP发泡材料的密度降低至0.118 g/cm3.发泡剂AC的用量及成核剂的含量对发泡材料的表观密度有很大影响,当发泡剂含量为2.5份、成核剂含量为1份时,得到的PP发泡板材密度降低,发泡倍率增大,泡孔均匀致密,力学性能较好.     

可发性苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物珠粒的制备和铸模性能研究

采用悬浮聚合和可发处理两步法制备了气化模铸造专用的可发性苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物珠粒。过氧化二苯甲酰为引发剂,聚合温度70～80℃,共聚物玻璃化温度(Tg)105℃;0 65MPa下进行可发性处理,发泡剂含量w(发泡剂)=6 5%,发泡成型密度0 021g/cm3。实验中研究了共聚物的相对分子质量、组成、热性能与铸模性能的关系。用制备的可发性共聚物珠粒进行了铸件浇注实验,得到了表面质量良好的铸件。     

软质PVC发泡材料的研究

采用化学发泡一步法模压成型制备了软质PVC发泡材料,研究了发泡剂、泡孔成核剂、改性剂等主要助剂用量对软质PVC发泡材料密度、泡孔结构以及力学性能的影响,并进行了软质PVC发泡材料的配方筛选.结果表明加入吸热发泡剂N能提高发泡体系的发泡效果,降低材料的密度,改善材料的力学性能,当发泡剂AC用量为2份,用量为0.6份时,材料的综合性能优异;当成核剂用量为1份时,体系发泡效果较好;加入粉末NBR不仅能提高发泡材料的断裂伸长率和柔韧性,还可降低发泡材料密度,改善泡孔结构;当NBR用量为20份时,发泡材料密度达到0.44 g/cm3,力学性能优异.     

聚丙烯/木粉釜压珠粒发泡研究

以CO_2为发泡剂,用高压釜式法制备了聚丙烯/木粉发泡珠粒。利用旋转流变仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了不同木粉含量的聚丙烯/木粉复合材料的流变和结晶性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了发泡珠粒的泡孔结构。结果表明,木粉对聚丙烯珠粒发泡有较大影响,随木粉含量增加,聚丙烯/木粉复合材料的黏度增加、损耗角正切值降低,熔融、结晶温度均提高,复合发泡珠粒的发泡倍率和泡孔密度先增大后减小,泡孔尺寸先减小后增大。当木粉含量为10%时,发泡珠粒的发泡倍率为10.4倍,平均泡孔直径、泡孔密度分别为67.69μm、5.791×10~7个/cm~3。     

软质PVC鞋底发泡材料的研究

采用化学发泡一步法模压成型．研究了放热发泡剂、吸热发泡剂、泡孔成核剂、改性剂等主要助剂用量对软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)发泡材料密度、泡孔结构及力学性能的影响．结果表明：放热发泡剂2．0份、吸热发泡剂0．6份．成核剂1.0份．改性剂丁腈橡胶(NBR)20．n份时．发泡材料性能较好．满足了软质PVL鞋底发泡材料的要求。     

聚丙烯发泡颗粒的制备

本文对可发性聚丙烯珠粒的制备进行了基础性研究,重点研究温度和压力对发泡效果的影响,并得到了聚丙烯颗粒发泡的最佳工艺-在110℃,11.8Mpa时.发泡颗粒的密度达到0.118g/cm3.     

不同尺寸成核剂对发泡聚丙烯的性能影响

选取不同尺寸的硼酸锌(≤1μm、3～5μm、8～10μm、13～15μm)作为异相成核剂(添加质量分数均为0.05%),制备发泡聚丙烯珠粒。同时对珠粒的泡孔微观结构、泡孔尺寸、泡孔密度、发泡倍率、成型性能、熔融结晶性能等进行系统研究。通过工艺调整来寻求合适的成核剂尺寸,以达到成型能耗与机械性能的平衡点。试验表明,硼酸锌尺寸为3～5μm时所制备的发泡聚丙烯珠粒在泡孔结构的完整度更高、成型能耗与制件收缩率匹配度更优,更有利于发泡聚丙烯制件的综合性能提升。     

聚丙烯及聚苯乙烯发泡体系熔体密度的研究

通过高压毛细管流变仪测量聚丙烯发泡体系的PVT关系,得到一定压力和温度下聚丙烯发泡体系的熔体密度,用于分析发泡体系的毛细管流变特性。与聚苯乙烯和高冲击强度聚苯乙烯发泡体系的熔体密度进行了对比,研究并分析了温度、压力、发泡剂及成核剂含量对发泡体系熔体密度的影响。结果表明:发泡体系的熔体密度均随压力的增大而提高,随温度的升高而降低;在发泡气体的临界压力处,发泡体系的熔体密度产生突变;高压下,发泡剂与成核剂含量对熔体密度的影响很小。     

可降解泡沫塑料生产技术及其在物流包装领域的应用

综述了聚乳酸（PLA）、聚丙烯、聚乙烯醇（PVA）泡沫塑料的研发进展。使用生物填料纤维素纳米纤维对PLA改性可以制备轻质高强PLA泡沫塑料；使用环氧扩链剂、酰肼类成核剂并在超临界流体发泡釜中进行发泡可以制备PLA泡沫塑料；还可以使用膨胀微球作为发泡剂熔融共混制备PLA泡沫塑料。通过添加微米二氧化硅进行共混改性，利用釜式发泡工艺制备聚丙烯泡沫塑料（EPP）珠粒，可以缩短EPP珠粒成型周期；通过在EPP原料中加入玻璃纤维、金属盐、聚偏二氯乙烯等可以制备自洁性好、耐化学药品腐蚀的EPP包装材料。通过在中黏度PVA中添加离子型聚合物，经化学交联后发泡可以制备高吸水性PVA泡沫塑料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。