高压容器用螺栓断裂失效分析

某高压设备进行水压试验前准备,在拧紧螺栓过程中有一螺栓发生断裂,通过对断裂螺栓进行化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验以及断口分析,找出了螺栓的断裂原因。结果表明:由于螺栓原材料在切除冒口时切除量不够,使螺栓中存在较多的夹杂物,夹杂物容易导致应力集中并萌生微裂纹,在螺栓后续加工过程中受到力(拉拔应力和热处理内应力)作用时,裂纹不断扩展并形成空洞,从而导致螺栓在拧紧过程中施加较小的外力就发生了断裂。     

挤出机摩擦离合器螺栓断裂分析

某挤出机中气动摩擦离合器与减速器端连接的螺栓在使用过程中经常发生断裂,改用另一种材料的螺栓后情况未有很好改善。采用化学成分分析、力学性能测试、断口分析和金相检验等方法,对螺栓断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明：起裂源位于螺栓的加工刀痕、表面擦伤处及因微动疲劳所致的螺纹微裂纹处,这些部位均存在应力集中,在振动作用下,萌生的裂纹不断扩展,使有效承载面积不断减小,最终引起螺栓疲劳断裂。     

10.9级高强螺栓头部断裂原因分析

通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验及能谱分析等方法对10.9级高强螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:在螺栓镦头成型工序中,头部R角部位产生折叠微裂纹,形成了早期裂纹源;在服役过程中,螺栓长期受交变工作应力作用,使得微裂纹进一步扩展,最终导致高周疲劳断裂。最后提出了相应的预防措施。     

高强螺栓断裂原因分析

对断裂的高强度螺栓断口及其腐蚀产物、螺栓表面存在的微裂纹进行了观察分析；对螺栓材料进行了热处理、氢脆敏感性和力学性能试验。结果表明，引起断裂发生的裂纹源─—微裂纹是Ｃｌ￣－应力腐蚀及氢脆交互作用的结果。断裂螺栓材料变脆是由于时效致使晶界产生铁铬碳化物偏聚引起的。对断口形貌和断裂过程用断裂力学方法提出了解释。     

水轮机制动器螺栓断裂原因分析

某水电站水轮机制动器闸板螺栓发生断裂,通过宏观观察、断口微观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验及硬度测试等方法对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓的螺纹表面存在折叠和微裂纹等加工缺陷,应力在该处集中;且生产过程中热处理工艺控制不当,螺栓显微组织不是调质组织,且存在魏氏组织,使螺栓力学性能下降;当受到较大冲击力时,裂纹从加工缺陷处起裂并迅速扩展,导致螺栓断裂。     

发电机组轮毂变桨轴承螺栓断裂原因分析

某风力发电公司的变桨轴承螺栓在使用半年后发生断裂。采用金相检验、化学成分分析、硬度测试及断口分析等方法对该螺栓断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:裂纹起源于螺帽与螺杆连接的R角处,该处为应力集中部位,在螺栓松动后,垫片在交变载荷的作用下不断撞击螺栓R角处并在螺杆表面造成损伤,当损伤达到一定程度后,再加上螺杆表面存在脱碳现象,造成表面裂纹的萌生,裂纹在交变载荷的作用下扩展,导致螺栓发生疲劳断裂。     

高强度螺栓断裂原因分析

表面磷化处理的高强度螺栓在装配时发生断裂。对断裂螺栓进行宏观和微观检验、化学成分分析、金相检验、能谱分析和力学性能分析。结果表明：该螺栓的裂纹表面有氧化物且存在与螺栓表面相似的磷化物,裂纹处没有脱碳现象,说明裂纹在磷化处理前已存在,判断该裂纹是淬火裂纹。螺栓的断裂是由淬火裂纹造成的。     

微车自动张紧轮紧固螺栓断裂分析

本文针对公司某车型自动张紧轮螺栓断裂问题,通过紧固件质量检测,模拟装配分析,SEM、金相检测,硬度检测等理化分析,发现张紧轮螺栓螺牙附近初始的微裂纹是造成螺栓断裂的诱因,此外被连接件的平面度超出规定要求,也是造成螺栓最终断裂的原因。     

某直升机连接螺栓断裂原因

某型直升机固定尾减速机钛合金内侧压板的3件35Ni4Cr2MoA钢连接螺栓在试车时发生了断裂。通过宏观观察、断口分析、金相检验、力学性能试验和氢含量测试等方法,分析了连接螺栓的断裂原因。结果表明:连接螺栓的失效模式为疲劳断裂,压板孔壁与螺栓杆部的局部挤压损伤形成了疲劳裂纹源,试车过程中裂纹不断扩展,最终导致了连接螺栓的断裂。     

发动机连杆螺栓断裂原因分析

某汽车发动机连杆螺栓在发动机台架耐久试验中发生断裂。通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、扫描电镜分析、金相检验、能谱分析等方法,对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该连杆螺栓断裂模式为多源疲劳断裂;裂纹内部存在大量的磷和锌元素,说明在搓丝工序时螺栓已经产生了微小裂纹;在后期的磷化处理中,磷化液渗入微小裂纹中;台架耐久试验过程中裂纹逐步疲劳扩展并导致螺栓断裂。     

循环水泵泵轴联轴器螺栓断裂分析

采用化学成分分析、室温力学性能测试以及金相检验对某电厂材料为35CrMo钢的循环水泵泵轴联轴器螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:由于该螺栓在热加工成型后未按要求进行调质处理,导致其硬度和强度偏低,加上螺栓头部形状不规则以及螺栓头部与螺杆连接部位没有过渡圆弧造成应力集中,使螺栓在循环水泵运行过程中泵轴轴系的周期性振动下发生疲劳断裂。     

钻井泵主轴承螺栓断裂分析

对主轴承螺栓在钻井泵上具体安装配合情况进行了调查，在此基础上，分析计算了主轴承螺栓在钻井泵工作时的受力情况，并通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜等手段对钻井泵主轴承螺栓断裂失效进行了分析。结果表明，该主轴承螺栓受拉－拉和弯曲双重疲劳，且主要在弯曲疲劳的作用下，于主轴承螺栓的应力集中处－螺纹根部，促使疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展，最终导致螺栓的疲劳断裂。为防止这类失效提出了建议。     

Failure analysis of stress corrosion cracking in aircraft bolts

This research was conducted on the failure analysis of the failed clamp bolt from a helicopter engine in the RoKAF. Through the fractography, metallography, and stress analysis of the failed part, it was found that the clamp bolt was fractured by stress corrosion cracking due to the interaction of tensile residual stress and corrosive environment. The stress corrosion crack is a phenomenon that occurs in susceptible alloys and is caused by the conjoint action of a surface tensile stress and the presence of a specific corrosive environment. Therefore, it is recommended that the material of the clamp bolt should be changed to prevent similar failures.     

20MnTiB钢螺栓断裂失效分析

应用扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜、显微硬度仪和电子探针X射线显微分析仪，对发射架20MnTiB高强度螺栓断裂件的金相组织、显微硬度、断口微观形貌和合金元素分布状态进行了分析。结果表明，断裂螺栓金相组织正常，力学性能符合技术要求；螺栓断裂失效是由于在螺栓根部存在因加工不当产生的初始裂纹，在初始裂纹尖端的应力集中和露天使用环境中水介质的共同作用下，螺栓发生应力腐蚀开裂。应力腐蚀开裂的方式是阳极溶解型。     

摩托车链轮螺栓的失效分析和工艺改进

摩托车链轮螺栓在装配时及在装配好放置几天后出现断裂。应用扫描电镜、光学显微镜和化学分析等检测手段，对链轮螺栓断裂原因进行了探讨。结果表明，链轮螺栓发生脆性断裂属氢脆特征，电镀前酸洗过度是造成螺栓发生瞬间脆性断裂的主要原因，加上模具成型产生折叠缺陷，除氢不彻底等因素的综合影响，加速了螺栓的断裂。提出了提高链轮固定螺栓综合强度的工艺改进方案。     

六角头螺栓断裂分析

采用宏观检验、断口分析、化学成分分析、力学性能测试及金相检验等方法对六角头螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:六角头螺栓在酸洗和电镀工艺后未进行充分的去氢处理,致使六角头螺栓中残存了较多的氢,在应力和氢的共同作用下造成了螺栓的延迟断裂;其次,六角头螺栓表面存在0.2 mm左右的渗碳层,使得螺栓表面硬度提高,增加了螺栓的氢脆敏感性。     

储气塔阀门紧固螺栓的断裂分析

储气塔运行半年即发生了阀门紧固螺栓的断裂事故。采用化学成分分析、硬度测定、金相检验以及断口的宏、微分析等方法,对螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,由于塔内腐蚀性介质的微量渗出,导致了阀门紧固螺栓的应力腐蚀断裂。     

Failure analysis of vessel propeller bolts under fastening stress and cathode protection environment

This paper describes the failure analysis of propeller blade fastening bolts made from martensitic stainless steel 0Cr16Ni5Mo, which was ruptured under service of cathode protection for 5 years. The general crack pattern of the bolts, fractographic features, hydrogen content determination and slow tensile test results are all exhibiting the characteristics of hydrogen embrittlement. Accordingly, hydrogen diffusion driven by hydrogen concentration gradient and stress concentration was identified by experiment and finite element analysis (FEA). The morphology of the crack was intergranular of initiation from bolt cap root surface, and quasi-cleavage of propagation. The hydrogen distribution indicated that the hydrogen concentration in the bolt was in gradient distribution, and the region farther away from the sea water contains less hydrogen content. This revealed that hydrogen entered the bolt top surface through sea water under cathodic protection, and diffused from top to cap. The hydrogen content of the cap where crack initiated was 7.0 ppm, which was much higher than that in bolt shaft with normal content of 1.1 ppm. Results of low tensile test together with fractographic observation showed that the brittleness of the bolt was enhanced by the effect of hydrogen. Stress distribution calculated by FEA analysis indicated that the maximal stress of the bolt was about 1016 MPa, located at cap root surface which was consistent with crack initiation sites. The stress drove hydrogen to accumulate at root surface until cracking occurred. In a sum, the failure was attributed to the hydrogen diffusion, local high stress, and the martensitic microstructure susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Remedial measures such as avoiding over protection potential, that increase tempering temperature were suggested. Methods to optimize stress distribution of the bolt were also suggested based on FEA calculation.     

40Cr钢螺栓断裂分析

采用金相检验、硬度测试及化学成分分析等方法对变速箱制动鼓定位螺栓断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明，由于零件在热加工后未按要求进行热处理，导致出现非正常组织，降低了零件的硬度和强韧性，加上零件肩胛根部没有过渡圆弧易造成应力集中，因此在装车使用后不久便发生了螺栓断裂失效。     

Near-tip field of an anti-plane crack in a micro-cracked power-law solid

Asymptotic near-tip field is investigated for an anti-plane (mode III) crack in a power-law solid permeated by a distribution of micro-cracks. The micro-crack location is assumed to be random, while the micro-crack orientation is taken to be non-random. The anisotropic nature of this kind of damage gives rise to anisotropic constitutive equations for the overall macroscopic strains and stresses. The structure of the asymptotic field at a macro-crack tip is analyzed by solving a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. It is shown that under the assumptions made in this analysis the asymptotic crack tip field of the damaged solid has the same structure as the mode III HRR-field of the undamaged solid. Numerical results are presented for the angular functions, the contours of constant effective shear stress, the normalization constant arising in the near-tip field, and the crack opening displacement. By means of these results, the effects of the micro-crack density and orientation on the crack-tip field will be explored.