元素取代和磁热处理对La0.67Mg0.33Ni3-xMx(M=Co,Cu)(x=0,0.5)合金贮氢性能的影响

研究了Co和Cu取代Ni以及磁热处理对La0.67Mg0.33Ni3-xMx(M=Co,Cu)(x=0,0.5)合金吸放氢反应热力学和动力学性能的影响。结果表明,Ni被Co和Cu元素部分替代后,合金的吸放氢量增大,放氢温度降低,吸放氢特征时间(tc)减小,吸放氢过程中的扩散活化能降低。磁热处理明显地提高了3种铸态合金的吸氢量,增大了吸放氢平台宽度,改善了合金的吸放氢动力学性能,其中磁热处理对La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金改性效果最好,吸放氢量分别为1.40%和1.32%(质量分数,下同),放氢峰所对应的温度为77.8℃,吸放氢特征时间"tc"为91.4和379.3s,吸放氢扩散活化能分别为16.3和23.3kJ/mol。     

快淬纳米晶和非晶Mg_(20)Ni_(10-x)Co_x(x=0～4)合金的贮氢性能(英文)EI北大核心CSCD

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的贮氢性能,采用Co部分替代合金中的Ni以及快淬工艺制备了纳米晶和非晶态Mg20Ni10-xCox(x=0,1,2,3,4)贮氢合金。用XRD、SEM、HRTEM分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,并测试了合金的气态吸/放氢动力学及电化学贮氢性能。结果表明,在快淬无Co合金中没有形成非晶相,但快淬含Co合金中形成一定量的非晶相。Co替代Ni及快淬处理显著地改善了合金的气态吸放氢性能。同时,Co替代Ni也显著地提高了快淬态合金的放电容量和电化学循环稳定性。     

Electrochemical and Hydrogen Absorption/Desorption Properties of Nanocrystalline Mg2Ni-type Alloys Prepared by Melt Spinning

从晶体结构、吸放氢性能和抗粉化性能的角度研究了La1-xYxNi5-yAly (x=0.6,0.7;y=0.1,0.2)金属氢化物合金用于高气压氢压缩机的可行性.XRD分析表明,合金都为CaCu5型六方结构,晶胞体积随着Y含量的增加而减小,随着Al含量的增加而变大.采用恒温体积法在20、30和40℃的实验条件下,对合金的吸放氢PCT曲线和吸氢动力学曲线进行了测定.结果表明,Y和Al能够有效地调节合金的吸放氢平台压,其中Y使合金的平台压升高,Al使合金的平台压降低,两种元素对LaNis基合金的其它储氢性能没有明显的负面影响.分析表明,这些合金能够以“合金对”的形式应用于双级金属氢化物压缩机中,将室温下的2 MPa的低压氢增压为35～40 MPa的高压氢,放氢温度为135～155℃.     

Hydriding/dehydriding properties of Mg-Ni-based ternary alloys synthesized by mechanical grinding

The Mg-Ni-based ternary alloys Mg2-xTixNi(x=0, 0.2, 0.4) and Mg2Ni1-xZrx(x=0, 0.2, 0.4) were successfully synthesized by mechanical grinding. The phases in the alloys and the hydriding/dehydriding properties of the alloys were investigated. Mg2Ni and Mg are the main hydrogen absorption phases in the alloys by XRD analysis. Hydriding kinetics curves of the alloys indicate that the hydrogen absorption rate increases after partial substitution of Ti for Mg and Zr for Ni. According to the measurement of pressure-concentration-isotherms and Van't Hoff equation, the relationship between ln p(H2) and 1 000/T was established. It is found that while increasing the content of correspondingly substituted elements at the same temperature, the equilibrium pressure of dehydriding increases, the enthalpy change and the stability of the alloy hydride decrease.     

Effects of Rapid Quenching on Structure and Hydrogen Storage Characteristics of Mg20Ni10-xMnx (x=0-4) Alloys

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的贮氢性能,用Mn部分替代合金中的Ni,并采用快淬工艺制备Mg20Ni10-xMnx(x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4)合金。用XRD和HRTEM分析了铸态及快淬合金的微观结构,用自动控制Sieverts设备测试合金的吸放氢动力学,并采用程控电池测试仪测试合金的电化学性能。结果表明,当淬速为20 m/s时,快淬(x=4)合金中出现非晶相,且非晶化程度随淬速的增加而增加。合金的吸放氢量及动力学性能随淬速的增加而增加。此外,快淬显著地改善了合金的电化学性能,包括放电容量及含Mn合金的循环稳定性。     

磁场辅助烧结法制备La0.67Mg0.33Ni3储氢合金

采用磁场辅助烧结合成法（MASS）制备了化学计量比为La0.67Mg0.33Ni3的储氢合金,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、等温定容法（PCT）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析了合金的相结构和吸放氢性能。XRD结果显示：合金主相为PuNi3型结构的(La, Mg)Ni3,氢化后分解为以La2Ni7、MgNi2和LaNi3结构为主的复相产物,合金因吸氢发生晶格膨胀。PCT测试表明：1 T磁场下合成的合金在室温下具有最小的滞后系数（0.480）、最大的放氢量1.307（质量分数,%）,综合性能最优。该合金放氢DSC曲线上有2个交叠的吸热峰,分别对应于(La, Mg)Ni3和LaNi5氢化后的放氢过程。     

Mg_(50)Ni_(50-x)Ti_x合金的吸放氢性能

研究了Mg50 Ni50 -xTix 合金的非晶形成能力与非晶合金电极的吸放氢性能。结果表明 :在Mg50 Ni50 -xTix合金中 ,当Ti替代Ni元素的量低于 1 5% (摩尔分数 )时 ,机械合金化能够得到几乎单一的非晶态合金 ;用Ti替代Ni形成的三元非晶合金能降低镁镍合金的平衡氢压 ;少量的Ti替代能改善合金的电化学吸放氢容量 ,使合金电极的吸放氢循环稳定性得到提高。这被认为是在三元合金中钛元素减缓了合金中镁元素的氧化腐蚀进程所致。     

钕含量对Mg-Cu-Nd非晶合金贮氢性能的影响

通过溶体快淬成功制备了（Mg65Cu25）100-xNdx（x=2，5，7，10）非晶／纳米晶贮氢合金，利用透射电镜、x射线衍射仪和差热分析仪研究了合金的微观组织结构及其热性能，采用ARBINBTW-2000型电池测试仪研究了合金的贮氢性能。结果表明：随着钕含量的增高，合金的贮氢量呈现上升趋势。非晶（Mg65Cu25）93Nd7合金具有最好的贮氢动力学性能和贮氢容量，最高贮氢量达到3．O％（质量分数），而纳米晶（Mg65Cu25）98Nd2具有最低的贮氢动力学性能和贮氢容量。研究还表明，随着钕含量的增高，合金的非晶形成能力增强，非晶的这种独特的短程有序结构是提高贮氢性能的主要因素。     

多壁碳纳米管载镍对镁基合金储氢性能影响

采用化学法制备多壁碳纳米管载镍催化剂(Ni/MWNTs),并将其加入到镁粉中,结合氢化燃烧合成(HydridingCombustionSynthesis,HCS)和机械球磨(MechanicalMilling,MM),即HCS+MM复合技术制备Mg85-Nix/MWNTs15-x(x代表质量百分数,x=3,6,9,12)合金。通过X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、扫描电镜以及气体反应控制器研究了材料的晶体结构、微观形貌和吸放氢性能。结果表明:Mg85-Ni9/MWNTs6合金具有最佳综合吸放氢性能,其在373K,吸氢量达到5.68%(质量分数,下同),且在100s内就基本达到饱和吸氢量;在523K,1800s内的放氢量达到4.31%。Ni/MWNTs催化剂的添加,不但起到催化的作用,而且MWNTs具有优异的纳米限制作用,使得催化剂的粒径限制在纳米级,有利于限制产物中Mg2NiH4颗粒的长大。另外Ni与MWNTs存在协同催化作用,当它们达到一定比例时,对合金的吸放氢促进作用达到最优化,明显改善了合金的吸放氢性能。     

Hydrogenation reaction of Mg-Based alloys fabricated by rapid solidification

Mg-23.5wt%Ni-xwt%Cu (x=2.5, 5 and 7.5) alloys for hydrogen storage were prepared by melt spinning and crystallization heat treatment. The alloys were ground by a planetary ball mill for 2 h in order to obtain a fine powder. The Mg-23.5Ni-5Cu alloy had crystalline Mg and Mg₂Ni phases. Mg-23.5Ni-5Cu had an effective hydrogen capacity of near 5 wt%. The activated Mg-23.5Ni-5Cu alloy absorbed 4.50 and 4.84 wt%H at 573K under 12 bar H₂ for 10 and 60 min, respectively, and desorbed 3. 21 and 4.81 wt%H at 573K under 1.0 bar H₂ for 10 and 30 min, respectively. The activated Mg-23.5Ni-5Cu alloy showed a quite high hydriding rate like Mg-10Fe₂O₃, and higher dehydriding rates than the activated Mg-xFe₂O_3?yNi. This likely resulted because the melting before melt spinning process has led to the homogeneous distribution of Ni and Cu in the melted Mg, and the Mg-23.5Ni-5Cu alloy has a larger amount of the Mg₂Ni phase than the Mg-xFe₂O_3?yNi alloy.     

氢化燃烧法合成Mg2Ni的贮氢性能

用氢化燃烧法合成了Mg2 Ni,PCT实验结果说明了合成的镁基贮氢合金具有很高的活性和高贮氢量 ,5 5 3K时达到 3.40 %。对Mg Ni系的PCT结果作了处理 ,得出温度和氢平衡压的关系式 :吸氢时lg(p/ 0 .1MPa)=- 34 6 9/T 6 .6 39;放氢时lg(p/ 0 .1MPa) =- 35 5 8/T 6 .6 12。用XRD方法进行了物相分析 ,表明存在在Mg2 Ni的氢化物     

Phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of LaMg_（3.70）Ni_（1.18） alloy

The phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of LaMg_3.70Ni_1.18 alloy were investigated. The LaMg_3.70Ni_1.18 alloy consists of main LaMg₂Ni phase, minor La₂Mg₁₇ and LaMg₃ phases. The alloy can be activated in the first hydriding/dehydriding process, and initial LaMg₂Ni, La₂Mg₁₇, and LaMg₃ phases transfer to LaH_2.34, Mg, and Mg₂Ni phases after activation. The reversible hydrogen storage capacity of the LaMg_3.70Ni_1.18 alloy is 2.47 wt.% at 558 K, which is higher than that of the LaMg₂Ni alloy. The pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) curves display two hydriding plateaus, corresponding to the formation of MgH₂ and Mg₂NiH₄. However, only one dehydriding plateau is observed, owing to the synergetic effect of hydrogen desorption between MgH₂ and Mg₂NiH₄. The uptake time for hydrogen content to reach 99% of saturated state is less than 250 s, and 90% hydrogen can be released in 1200 s in the experimental conditions, showing fast kinetics in hydriding and dehydriding. The activation energies of the LaMg_3.70Ni_1.18 alloy are −51.5 ± 1.1 kJ/mol and −57.0 ± 0.6 kJ/mol for hydriding and dehydriding, respectively. The hydriding/dehydriding kinetics of the LaMg_3.70Ni_1.18 alloy is better than that of the Mg₂Ni alloy, owing to the lower activation energy values.     

Mg_2Ni系贮氢合金制备方法的研究进展

本文综述了熔炼法、机械合金化法、烧结法、扩散法、氢化燃烧合成法、表面处理法等制备Mg2Ni合金的基本原理和主要工艺。介绍了扩散法和球磨法等制备技术的联用,总结并讨论了这些合金制备技术制取的合金的充放氢性能和电化学性能及其对合金性能的影响。较先进的机械合金化法制备Mg2Ni系贮氢合金复合材料是比较理想的途径。     

Electrochemical hydriding performance of Mg–TM–Mm (TM=transition metals,Mm=mischmetal) alloys for hydrogen storage

Eighteen as-cast binary Mg–Ni, Mg–Mm and ternary Mg–Ni–Mm and Mg–Ni–TM (TM=transition metals (Cu, Zn, Mn and Co); Mm = mischmetal containing Ce, La, Nd and Pr) alloys were hydrided by an electrochemical process to determine the alloys with the most potential for electrochemical hydrogen storage. The alloys were hydrided in a 6 mol/L KOH solution at 80 °C for 480 min and at 100 A/m². To assess the electrochemical hydriding performance of alloys, maximum hydrogen concentrations, hydrogen penetration depths and total mass of absorbed hydrogen in the alloys were measured by glow discharge spectrometry. In addition, the structures and phase compositions of the alloys both before and after hydriding were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. It was determined that the highest total amount of hydrogen was absorbed by the Mg–25Ni–12Mm and Mg–26Ni (mass fraction, %) alloys. The maximum hydrogen concentrations in the Mg–25Ni–12Mm and Mg–26Ni alloys were 1.0% and 1.6%, respectively. The main hydriding product was the binary MgH₂ hydride, and the ternary Mg₂NiH₄ hydride was also detected in the Mg–25Ni–12Mm alloy. The electrochemical hydriding parameters achieved are discussed in relation to the structures of alloys, alloying elements and hydriding mechanisms.     

La1．8Ca0．2Mg14Ni3＋x% Ti合金的微结构和储氢性能

研究了机械球磨La1.8Ca0.2Mg14Ni3＋x％Ti（质量分数，下同）（x=0，5，10）合金的微结构和储氢性能。气态吸放氢研究表明。加入钛粉球磨能有效提高合金的活化性能、储氢容量和吸放氢速率。铸态合金经过6次活化后，在613K时放氢量为4．12％（质量分数，下同）。加Ti球磨改性10h后，随着X增加，合金经过2次～3次循环基本完全活化。吸放氢性能也相应提高。Ti含量在x=0，5，10时合金在613K的放氢量分别为4．69％，4．80％，4．83％：当x=10时合金在373K的吸氢量达到3％以上，在600K经过2min就能达到4．81%（为最大吸氢量的97％）。微结构分析表明。具有表面催化活性的Ti粉与合金基体表面进行复合，并使合金发生部分非晶转变，能有效改善La1.8Ca0.2Mg14Ni3合金的储氢性能。     

HCS+MM法制备镁基复合储氢材料结构及储氢性能

采用氢化燃烧合成法制备Mg95Ni5-x%TiFe0.8Mn0.2Zr0.05(x=0, 10, 20, 30)(质量分数)复合物,然后将氢化燃烧合成产物进行机械球磨得到镁基复合储氢材料。采用XRD、SEM、EDS及PCT研究材料的相结构、表面形貌、颗粒化学成分以及吸放氢性能。研究表明,添加30% TiFe0.8Mn0.2Zr0.05合金形成的复合物具有最佳的综合吸放氢性能：在373 K,50 s内基本达到饱和吸氢量4.11% (质量分数);在493和523 K,1800 s内放氢量分别为1.91%和4.3%;其起始放氢温度为420 K,与Mg95Ni5相比降低了20 K,吸放氢性能的改善与复合物的组织结构密切相关。此外,TiFe0.8Mn0.2Zr0.05的加入改善了复合物的放氢动力学性能     

Effect of Ni on Mg based hydrogen storage alloy Mg3Nd

Magnesium-neodymium based alloys were prepared by induction melting in an alumina crucible under protection of pure argon atmosphere. XRD patterns show that the as-melted Mg-Nd and Mg3NdNi 0.1 diffraction peaks can be excellently indexed with D03 structure (BiF3 type, space group Fm3m ). The lattice constant of Mg3Nd phase is 0.7390 nm, which is determined by XRD analysis using Cohen's extrapolation method. The reversible hydrogen storage capacity reaches 1.95wt.% for Mg3Nd and 2.68wt.% for Mg3NdNi0.1 . The desorption of hydrogen takes place at 291 ℃ for Mg3Nd and at 250 ℃ for Mg3NdNi 0.1 . The alloys could absorb hydrogen at room temperature with rapid hydriding and dehydriding kinetics after only one cycle. The enthalpy (ΔH ) and entropy (ΔS ) of Mg3Nd-H dehydriding reaction were -68.2 kJ·mol-1 H2 and -0.121 kJ·(K·mol)-1 H2 determined by using van't Hoff plot according to the pressure-composition-isotherms (P-C-I) curve measured at different temperatures. Hydrogen absorption kinetic property of Mg3NdNi 0.1 alloy was also measured at room temperature.     

纳米晶和非晶Mg20-xLaxNi10(x=0-6)贮氢合金的贮氢行为

用快淬技术制备了Mg2Ni型贮氢合金,合金的名义成分为Mg20-xLaxNi10 (x = 0, 2, 4, 6)。用XRD、SEM、HRTEM分析了合金的微观结构。发现不含La的快淬合金中没有非晶相,但含La快淬合金中显示以非晶相为主。当La含量x≤2时,铸态合金的主相为Mg2Ni相,但随着La含量的进一步增加,铸态合金的主相改变为(La,Mg)Ni3+LaMg3相。应用Sieverts设备研究了铸态及快淬态合金的吸放氢量及动力学,结果表明,x=2的合金吸放氢量及动力学随淬速的增加而增加,但对于x=6的合金,结果是相反的。电化学测试结果表明,x=2合金的放电容量随淬速的增加而增加,而对于x=6合金,结果也是相反的。快淬显著地提高了x=2, 6合金的循环稳定性     

Investigation on Gaseous and Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Kinetics of As-Quenched Nanocrystalline Mg2Ni-type Alloys

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金气态及电化学贮氢动力学性能,用Cu部分替代合金中的Ni,用快淬技术制备Mg2Ni1-xCux(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)合金,用XRD、SEM、HRTEM分析铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构;用自动控制的Sieverts设备测试合金的气态贮氢动力学性能,用程控电池测试仪测试合金的电化学贮氢动力学.结果表明,所有快淬态合金均具有纳米晶结构,无非晶相形成.Cu替代Ni不改变合金的主相Mg2Ni,但使合金的晶粒显著细化.快淬处理及Cu替代均显著地提高合金的气态及电化学贮氢动力学性能.当淬速从0m/s(铸态被定义为淬速0 m/s)增加到30 m/s时,Mg2Ni0.8Cu0.3合金在5 min内的吸氢饱和率从57.2％增加到92.87％,20 min的放氢率从21.6％增加到49.6％,高倍率放电能力(HRD)从40.6％增加到73.1％,氢扩散系数(D)从1.02×10-11 cm2/s增加到4.08×10 -11 cm2/s,极限电流密度(IL)从113.0 mA/g增加到715.3 mA/g.     

Mg67-xCaxNi33 (x=0, 5, 10, 15, 20, at%)合金的物相及储氢性能研究

采用感应熔炼、甩带结合机械球磨法制备了Mg67-xCaxNi33(x=0,5,10,15,20,at%)储氢合金。研究了Ca含量及制备工艺对合金相结构和储氢性能的影响。结果表明,制备工艺(熔炼,熔炼+球磨,熔炼+甩带+球磨)对储氢合金的物相组成影响不大,而含Ca的合金经过甩带后容易形成非晶。不含Ca的Mg67Ni33合金主要由Mg2Ni相组成,并含有少量的Mg相;随着Ca含量升高,合金中的Mg2Ni相逐渐减少,而MgNi2相和Mg2Ca相逐渐增加。当Ca含量增加到20at%时,Mg47Ca20Ni33则主要由MgNi2和Mg2Ca组成,几乎没有Mg2Ni生成。P-C-T测试结果表明,在573K下,Mg67-xCaxNi33合金的最大吸氢量随着合金中Ca含量的升高而降低,这主要是由于Mg2Ni相含量减少造成的。吸氢后的Mg67Ni33主要由Mg2NiH4组成,而含Ca合金吸氢后则主要由Mg2NiH4、CaH2和不吸氢的MgNi2相组成。