1-氯-1-氯乙酰基环丙烷合成研究

文章研究了以α-乙酰基-γ-丁内酯为主要原料,通过氯化、脱羧、环合3步反应得到1-氯-1-乙酰基环丙烷,再与磺酰氯氯化得到1-氯-1-氯乙酰基环丙烷的合成工艺。中间体1-氯-1-乙酰基环丙烷和终产物1-氯-1-氯乙酰基环丙烷均经1H NMR确认。     

1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸的合成工艺研究与优化

以氰乙酸乙酯和1,2-二溴乙烷为起始原料,经环烷化、氰基水解、霍夫曼降解合成得到1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸。分两步对该合成工艺进行了研究:第一步考察了环烷化反应的主要影响因素,包括1,2-二溴乙烷、碳酸钾、催化剂、溶剂、反应温度、反应时间;第二步考察了氰基水解反应和霍夫曼降解反应的主要影响因素,包括H2O2的用量、NaOH的浓度、霍夫曼降解的反应温度。在考察各个影响因素的同时,得出了较优的工艺条件。经核磁共振和红外光谱分析,所得产品确为1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸。实验结果表明,在优化后的工艺条件下,1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸的总收率可以达到67.5%。经高效液相色谱分析,产品的纯度为94.4%。     

1—溴—1—乙氧基环丙烷的合成研究

报道了１－溴－１－乙氧基环丙烷的合成路线和实验室百克量工艺条件。     

1，1′－二甲基－5，5′－偶氮四唑—水合物的放热分解反应动力学

在程序升温条件下．用DSＣ研究了1,1′－二甲基－5．5′－偶氮四唑—水合物的放热分解反应动力学参数。表明该反应的微分形式的经验动力学模式函数,表观活化能(Ea)和指前因子(A)分别为(1-α)^-1.53，114.1 kJ／mol和10^8.72ｓ^-1。该化合物的热爆炸临界温度为215．45℃。     

Thermodynamic properties of the system toluene — 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane

Data on molar excess enthalpy on mixing at 298.15 K and 308.15 K, vapor-liquid equilibrium, latent heats of vaporization at 91.444 kPa and vapor pressures for the system toluene – 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane are presented. A simple adiabatic calorimeter designed for molar excess enthalpy measurements is described, tested and used.     

Products of the anionic oligomerization of the pure 1-cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile and of its mixtures with the 3-cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile isomer

Summary Noncyclic unsaturated dimers and trimers are the principal products in the KOC(CH₃)₃ catalyzed oligomerization of the pure 1-eyclohexene, 1-carbonitrile, and of its mixtures with the 3-cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile isomer.Pure isomeric dimers such as the cis and trans 1-(2cyanocyclohexyl)-cyclohex 3-ene-carbonitrile were isolated from the raw reaction mixtures. Their configurations and conformations were investigated by IR and NMR.Possible mechanisms of the oligo- and cooligo- merization are proposed.     

Comparative study of the sonication effect on the thermal behaviour of 1:1 and 2:1 aluminium phyllosilicate clays

The aim of this work is to compare the effect of sonication on the thermal behaviour of kaolinite and pyrophyllite. The results show that sonication produces a significant particle size reduction of both clays. Besides, this treatment modifies the thermal behaviour of these samples. Nevertheless, the change in particle size and in the modification of the thermal behaviour is different for both clays. Sonication facilitates the dehydroxylation of both clays, although, the temperature shift of the dehydroxylation is more significant for pyrophyllite than for kaolinite. Additionally, the exothermic effect at 987 °C for kaolinite is not affected by sonication while that at 1210 °C for phyrophyllite is shifted to lower temperatures.     

High eEF1A1 Protein Levels Mark Aggressive Prostate Cancers and the In Vitro Targeting of eEF1A1 Reveals the eEF1A1–actin Complex as a New Potential Target for Therapy

Although the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF1A1 plays a role in various tumours, there is little information on its prognosis/therapeutic value in prostate carcinoma. In high-grade and castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (CRPC), the identification of novel therapeutic markers/targets remains a priority. The expression of eEF1A1 protein was determined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate cancer and hyperplasia tissue by IHC. The role of eEF1A1 was investigated in a cellular model using a DNA aptamer (GT75) we previously developed. We used the aggressive CRPC cancer PC-3 and non-tumourigenic PZHPV-7 lines. Cytotoxicity was measured by the MTS assay and eEF1A1 protein levels by in-cell Western assays. The mRNA levels of eEF1A1 were measured by qPCR and ddPCR. Higher expression of eEF1A1 was found in Gleason 7–8 compared with 4–6 tissues (Gleason ≥ 7, 87% versus Gleason ≤ 6, 54%; p = 0.033). Patients with a high expression of eEF1A1 had a worse clinical outcome. In PC-3, but not in PZHPV-7, GT75 decreased cell viability and increased autophagy and cell detachment. In PC-3 cells, but not in PZHPV-7, GT75 mainly co-localised with the fraction of eEF1A1 bound to actin. Overexpression of the eEF1A1 protein can identify aggressive forms of prostate cancer. The targeting of eEF1A1 by GT75 impaired cell viability in PC-3 cancer cells but not in PZHPV-7 non-tumourigenic cells, indicating a specific role for the protein in cancer survival. The eEF1A1–actin complexes appear to be critical for the viability of PC-3 cancer cells, suggesting that eEF1A1 may be an attractive target for therapeutic strategies in advanced forms of prostate cancer.     

1-环己烯乙腈制备1-环己烯乙胺的研究

采用间接合成法,以1-环己烯乙腈为原料合成1-环己烯乙胺。重点考察了反应温度、反应压力、反应时间对产物1-环己烯乙胺收率的影响,得出最佳反应条件为:反应温度150℃、反应压力1.2 MPa、反应时间1.5 h,在此条件下,得到1-环己烯乙胺的最佳收率为85.3%。     

Molecular Mechanism of Small-Molecule Inhibitors in Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway through PD-L1 Dimerization

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), which is a molecule involved in the inhibitory signal in the immune system and is important due to blocking of the interactions between PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has emerged as a promising immunotherapy for treating cancer. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on complex systems consisting of the PD-L1 dimer with (S)-BMS-200, (R)-BMS-200 and (MOD)-BMS-200 (i.e., S, R and MOD systems) to systematically evaluate the inhibitory mechanism of BMS-200-related small-molecule inhibitors in detail. Among them, (MOD)-BMS-200 was modified from the original (S)-BMS-200 by replacing the hydroxyl group with a carbonyl to remove its chirality. Binding free energy analysis indicates that BMS-200-related inhibitors can promote the dimerization of PD-L1. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed between the S and MOD systems, though the R system exhibited a slightly higher energy. Residue energy decomposition, nonbonded interaction, and contact number analyses show that the inhibitors mainly bind with the C, F and G regions of the PD-L1 dimer, while nonpolar interactions of key residues Ile54, Tyr56, Met115, Ala121 and Tyr123 on both PD-L1 monomers are the dominant binding-related stability factors. Furthermore, compared with (S)-BMS-200, (R)-BMS-200 is more likely to form hydrogen bonds with charged residues. Finally, free energy landscape and protein–protein interaction analyses show that the key residues of the PD-L1 dimer undergo remarkable conformational changes induced by (S)-BMS-200, which boosts its intimate interactions. This systematic investigation provides a comprehensive molecular insight into the ligand recognition process, which will benefit the design of new small-molecule inhibitors targeting PD-L1 for use in anticancer therapy.     

Controlling the Heterodimerisation of the Phytosulfokine Receptor 1 (PSKR1) via Island Loop Modulation

Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a phytohormone responsible for cell-to-cell communication in plants, playing a pivotal role in plant development and growth. The binding of PSK to its cognate receptor, PSKR1, is modulated by the formation of a binding site located between a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of PSKR1 and the loop located in the receptor’s island domain (ID). The atomic resolution structure of the extracellular PSKR1 bound to PSK has been reported, however, the intrinsic dynamics of PSK binding and the architecture of the PSKR1 binding site remain to be understood. In this work, we used atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations to elucidate how the PSKR1 island domain (ID) loop forms and binds PSK. Moreover, we report a novel “druggable” binding site which could be exploited for the targeted modulation of the PSKR1-PSK binding by small molecules. We expect that our results will open new ways to modulate the PSK signalling cascade via small molecules, which can result in new crop control and agricultural applications.     

1H-茚-3-酮-1-甲酸类化合物的合成研究

以3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-甲酸类化合物为原料,经过液溴单溴代、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)脱溴化氢两步反应,合成2个1H-茚-3-酮-1-甲酸类化合物。并采用正交实验法,优化溴代反应的工艺条件,收率达97%,合成工艺具应用价值。     

Spinal TRPA1 Contributes to the Mechanical Hypersensitivity Effect Induced by Netrin-1

Netrin-1, a chemoattractant expressed by floor plate cells, and one of its receptors (deleted in colorectal cancer) has been associated with pronociceptive actions in a number of pain conditions. Here, we addressed the question of whether spinal TRPC4/C5 or TRPA1 are among the downstream receptors contributing to pronociceptive actions induced by netrin-1. The experiments were performed on rats using a chronic intrathecal catheter for administration of netrin-1 and antagonists of TRPC4/C5 or TRPA1. Pain sensitivity was assessed behaviorally by using mechanical and heat stimuli. Effect on the discharge rate of rostral ventromedial medullary (RVM) pain control neurons was studied in lightly anesthetized animals. Netrin-1, in a dose-related fashion, induced mechanical hypersensitivity that lasted up to three weeks. Netrin-1 had no effect on heat nociception. Mechanical hypersensitivity induced by netrin-1 was attenuated by TRPA1 antagonist Chembridge-5861528 and by the control analgesic compound pregabalin both during the early (first two days) and late (third week) phase of hypersensitivity. TRPC4/C5 antagonist ML-204 had a weak antihypersensitivity effect that was only in the early phase, whereas TRPC4/C5 antagonist HC-070 had no effect on hypersensitivity induced by netrin-1. The discharge rate in pronociceptive ON-like RVM neurons was increased by netrin-1 during the late but not acute phase, whereas netrin-1 had no effect on the discharge rate of antinociceptive RVM OFF-like neurons. The results suggest that spinal TRPA1 receptors and pronociceptive RVM ON-like neurons are involved in the maintenance of submodality-selective pronociceptive actions induced by netrin-1 in the spinal cord.     

Structural Characterization of the Drug Translocation Path of MRP1/ABCC1

The rapid clearance of drugs from human cells is carried out by MRP1 and other proteins of the ABC transporter superfamily. Selective mutations carried out by DeGorter indicated that replacement of Y324 by phenylalanine (but not by tryptophan or alanine) enhances the capacity of the protein to extrude various drugs. In this study we investigate the effect of mutation on the structure of the isolated transmembrane domain of MRP1 through molecular dynamics simulations of the protein embedded in a POPC membrane. The simulations reveal a persistent tendency of the translocation path to experience a partial constriction, losing ∼50 % of the water inside the conducting path. While the Wt, Y324W and Y324A transporters all experienced the same constriction, the Y324F transporter, the one having a higher clearance rate than the Wt, retains a fully open configuration. The structure of the Y324F mutant reveals an alternate set of stabilizing interactions that force a kink in transmembrane helix 6, which keeps the protein in a fully open outward-facing configuration thus providing a molecular-level account for the higher activity of the mutant. The ability of the simulations to corroborate the experimental observations implies that the homology model of MRP1 is a proper representation of the internal interactions between the residues in the protein, and can be used as a reliable model for studying the human multidrug resistance function of the MRP1 protein.     

1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸及其衍生物的合成研究进展

1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸及其衍生物具有重要的生理活性,在植物化学、医药化学及农业科学等方面具有广阔的应用前景。根据三元环部位形成方式的不同,综述了1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸及其衍生物的合成方法研究进展。     

EELS study of the epitaxial graphene/Ni(1 1 1) and graphene/Au/Ni(1 1 1) systems

We have performed electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) studies of Ni(1 1 1), graphene/Ni(1 1 1), and the graphene/Au/Ni(1 1 1) intercalation-like system at different primary electron energies. A reduced parabolic dispersion of the π plasmon excitation for the graphene/Ni(1 1 1) system is observed compared to that for bulk pristine and intercalated graphite and to linear for free graphene, reflecting the strong changes in the electronic structure of graphene on Ni(1 1 1) relative to free-standing graphene. We have also found that intercalation of gold underneath a graphene layer on Ni(1 1 1) leads to the disappearance of the EELS spectral features which are characteristic of the graphene/Ni(1 1 1) interface. At the same time the shift of the π plasmon to the lower loss-energies is observed, indicating the transition of initial system of strongly bonded graphene on Ni(1 1 1) to a quasi free-standing-like graphene state.     

1-甲基-1-乙氧基-1-糠硫基甲烷合成研究

以乙缩醛 (0 1mol)和糠硫醇 (0 1mol)为原料 ,30～ 35℃下在四氯化碳中反应 2 0min左右 ,合成 1 甲基 1 乙氧基 1 糠硫基甲烷。经红外光谱、色谱、质谱及核磁共振谱检测 ,确证了产物为 1 甲基 1 乙氧基 1 糠硫基甲烷。产率为 6 4 5 % ,产品质量分数为 88 76 %。