钛酸铋陶瓷靶材的热压烧结

纯相、高致密度、结晶良好的陶瓷靶材是物理气相沉积薄膜的前提.采用热压烧结方法制备钛酸铋(Bi4Ti3O12)陶瓷靶材,重点研究了制备工艺对靶材的物相、微观结构和致密度的影响.以Bi2O3和TiO2微粉为原料,采用固相反应法,在800℃合成出纯相的Bi4Ti3O12粉体;加入过量3wt%的Bi2O3,可以有效防止烧结过程中因Bi挥发所产生的杂相,得到纯相的Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷;采用热压烧结方法,进一步实现了Bi4Ti3O12粉体的致密烧结,确定了适宜的制备条件为850℃,30MPa,2b,在该条件下制备的Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷致密度达到99%,晶粒呈片层状,大小约2-4μm,可满足靶材制备薄膜的需求.     

MOD法制备钛酸铋超细粉体

通过MOD法,以硝酸铋、钛酸四丁脂为原料,制备了钛酸铋(Bi4Ti3O12)超细粉体.通过对比2种不同的钛酸铋前驱体合成方法,表明采用燃烧法得到的前驱体可以明显降低Bi4Ti3O12的合成温度,在550℃已能得到粒度约为100nm无团聚高纯超细钛酸铋粉体.     

Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)陶瓷的制备及微观结构

以过量的Bi2O3和TiO2为组分,采用固相烧结法制备Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷。借助XRD和SEM分析相成分和微观结构。结果表明:经750℃/2h预烧后,合成粉体由Bi4Ti3O12、少量的Bi12TiO20和Ti5O9以及Bi2O3组成。成型烧结后,Bi12TiO20和Ti5O9的衍射峰消失,出现了Bi2Ti2O7的衍射峰。1000℃烧结后,Bi2Ti2O7的衍射峰消失,产物基本为Bi4Ti3O12相。SEM分析表明,温度低时,气孔较多,晶粒较细;温度升高后,晶粒长大,气孔减少;到1000℃时,气孔显著减少,晶粒尺寸约为2～5μm。     

钛酸铋纳米粉体的水热合成及表征

采用分析纯Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和TiO2为原料,以NaOH 为矿化剂,用水热法合成了钛酸铋纳米粉体.讨论了水热反应温度和晶化时间对钛酸铋粉体结构和形貌的影响.研究结果表明,随着水热温度的提高及晶化时间的延长,晶体结晶程度提高;在140～180 ℃和30～72 h的水热条件下,合成了纯的Bi4Ti3O12粉体,其主要由方形片状的纳米晶组成,为典型的钙钛矿结构.并结合实验结果探讨了钛酸铋的水热合成机理.     

粉体合成温度对钽酸锶铋陶瓷介电行为的影响

利用五氧化二钽(Ta2O5),碳酸锶(SrCO3)和乏氧化二铋(Bi2O3)等原料,采用传统的粉体固相合成方法,在不同温度800,900,1 000℃和1 100℃合成钽酸锶铋粉体,研究粉体合成温度对钽酸锶铋陶瓷介电性能的影响.X射线衍射结果表明:不同温度下煅烧均能够合成钽酸锶铋单一物相,但是烧结致密程度明显不同,当粉体合成温度较低时,气孔相对细小,尺寸均匀.进一步的介电性能测试表明:粉体合成温度对Curie点和介电强度具有影响.较低粉体合成温度可以在一定程度上改善陶瓷的介电性能;较高的粉体合成温度则导致Curie点偏移,恶化陶瓷的介电性能;介电性能的改变主要和烧结过程中形成气孔缺陷有关.     

双重熔盐法制备片状BaTiO_3粉体

用双重熔盐法制备片状Bi4Ti3O12粉体,以Bi4Ti3O12为中间产物通过离子交换制备了BaTi03片状粉体,并对其工艺过程进行了优化.利用X射线衍射分析合成粉体的相结构,用扫描电子显微镜观察其显微形貌.初步探讨了BaTiO3片状粉体的生长机理.结果表明:反应温度和化学组成对中间产物Bi4Ti3O12的微观形貌具有显著影响,在1 000℃以下时,随着反应温度升高,片状尺寸增大;当相对增加Bi2O3的量时,Bi4Ti3O12片状的尺寸增大.通过离子交换制备BaTiO3时,除了模板Bi4Ti3O12的形貌对BaTiO3的晶粒生长具有影响外,反应温度和化学组成同样对BaTiO3的晶粒生长具有显著影响.合成片状Bi4Ti3O12粉体的最佳的条件为:BaTiO3与Bi4Ti3O12的摩尔比为10:1,1 000℃合成2h.     

MgTiO3-Bi4Ti3O12微波介质陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用传统固相法制备了Bi4Ti3O12掺杂的MgTiO3陶瓷,研究了其对MgTiO3陶瓷烧结特性及微波介电性能的影响。通过测试分析发现,Bi4Ti3O12不仅可以显著降低陶瓷的烧结温度,同时还可以大大提高其介电常数,当Bi4Ti3O12/MgTiO3摩尔比为0.02时,MgTiO3-0.02Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷的最佳烧结温度为1 150℃,介电常数为31.99。     

水热法制备钛酸铋粉体的研究

以TiCl4乙醇溶液和Bi（NO3）3·5H2O为原料．NaOH为矿化剂，其摩尔配比的关系为TiCl：Bi（NO3）3·5H2O：NaOH=0．1：0．75：1．5．用水热法合成钙钛矿结构的钛酸铋粉体。讨论了水热合成条件（前驱物和粉体处理、晶化时间、填充率）对钛酸铋粉体结构和形貌的影响。XRD、SEM分析表明，在240℃，晶化时间16h，填充比为60％的条件下，可制备平均晶粒粒径为9～12nm，团聚较轻，颗粒边界明显．球形的钛酸铋粉体。     

水热合成掺镧钛酸铋粉体及其光催化性能探讨

以硝酸铋、四氯化钛和硝酸镧为原料,以氢氧化钾为矿化剂,采用水热法合成了不同镧掺杂量的钛酸铋粉体.用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对所得粉体进行了表征,借助紫外-可见分光光度计考察了样品降解甲基橙的光催化性能.实验结果显示:在水热合成温度为220～280 ℃、保温时间为6 h的条件下,可得到各向异性、短轴为30 nm、长轴大于100 nm的掺镧钛酸铋粉体,且该方法所制备的掺镧钛酸铋(Bi 4-xLaxTi3O12)粉体具有一定的光催化效果.     

掺杂Bi_2O_3对CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)陶瓷显微结构和介电性能的影响

采用传统高温共固相反应法制备了Ca(1-x)BixCu3Ti4O(12-x/2)(x=0,1%,2%,3%,4%,5%)陶瓷,研究了掺杂Bi2O3对CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷的显微结构和介电性能的影响,结果表明:掺杂Bi2O3可以促进CCTO陶瓷的致密性和晶粒均匀性,掺杂Bi2O3有利于提高CCTO陶瓷的介电性能以及其稳定性,且介电性能与陶瓷晶粒的均匀性和陶瓷的致密性有着一定的联系。相对而言掺杂4%Bi2O3的介电性能最优。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。