TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基兰的光催化降解

采用快速升温法制备出以膨胀石墨为载体的TiO2/膨胀石墨光催化剂,用SEM及XRD对其表面形貌及结构进行表征,研究了该负载型光催化剂在紫外光照射下的催化能力,探讨了在催化剂中TiO2的负载量、亚甲基兰溶液的初始浓度及其pH值对光催化剂的降解能力的影响.结果发现,负载量为10%的光催化剂对40mg/L的亚甲基兰溶液5h的光降解率达到58.8%.     

膨胀石墨负载纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及对甲基橙溶液的吸附与光降解

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,膨胀石墨为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法成功地制备了膨胀石墨(EG)负载TiO2光催化剂(TEG),采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积等分析技术对样品进行表征,以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了热处理温度、负载次数、目标降解物浓度等不同条件下催化剂的光催化性能.结果表明,氧化钛以纳米颗粒的形式附着在膨胀石墨薄片表面,具有疏松多孔蠕虫状结构的膨胀石墨为氧化钛提供高浓度的三维降解环境,负载2次在500℃下经过3h热处理得到的催化剂在紫外光激发下对甲基橙溶液表现出较高的光催化活性.     

石墨/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备和性能

以石墨和纯的TiO₂为原料,采用球磨工艺制备了石墨/TiO₂复合光催化剂。使用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS和DRS等手段对其性能进行了表征。以甲基橙为模拟污染物,研究了石墨掺入量、球磨时间对复合光催化剂光催化活性的影响。结果表明,石墨/TiO₂复合光催化剂具有锐钛矿结构,球磨后TiO₂(101)面的衍射峰宽化并右移,TiO₂成为200 nm左右的不规则球状颗粒,在其表面均匀分布着石墨。TiO₂晶粒的Ti-O键的结合能变高,且表面有缺陷产生,使其在可见光区具有显著的吸收。石墨掺入量为5%、球磨时间为12 h的石墨/TiO₂样品对甲基橙具有优异的光催化降解效果,在70 min的降解时间内甲基橙的降解去除率可达95.08%。石墨/TiO₂复合光催化剂的光催化反应速率常数k为0.043035 min^-1,是纯TiO₂的2.64倍。     

热处理温度对TiO2气凝胶光催化剂的催化性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇为原料，通过溶胶-凝胶法在常压干燥下制备了TiO2气凝胶光催化剂。用XRD、SEM、BET和TGA等手段研究了不同热处理温度对其结构的影响。结果表明，TiO2气凝胶晶型由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变温度在400～500℃之间，700℃时全部以金红石相存在。随着温度升高，TiO2晶粒的尺寸略有变大，样品的比表面积减小，平均孔径先增大后减小。TiO2气凝胶颗粒大小为0．2mm左右，尺寸较大，便于再回收利用。甲基橙溶液降解实验结果表明，随着温度升高，TiO2气凝胶的催化性能降低，400℃热处理的TiO2气凝胶在紫外光照120min时对20mg／L的甲基橙溶液的降解率达到92．9％。     

FeVO_4光催化剂降解甲基橙研究

实验采用液相沉淀法制备了三斜型FeVO4光催化剂,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对样品结构和形貌进行分析和表征,在40W紫外灯(主波长为253.7nm)照射下降解一定浓度的甲基橙溶液,研究其对甲基橙溶液降解效果.研究了催化剂用量、甲基橙初始浓度、光强度及pH值对甲基橙降解率的影响.     

Cd/CdS光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用胶体化学法制备表面富镉的Cd／CdS纳米粒子为催化剂对水溶液中甲基橙的光催化降解进行了研究。探讨了光催化反应机理,讨论了光催化剂用量,双氧水的用量,试液的pH值,光照时间与甲基橙脱色率的关系。实验结果表明,当甲基橙起始浓度为20mg／L,Cd／CdS用量为0．500g,双氧水用量为5．88mmol／L,pH值为7．0时,光照6h,甲基橙的脱色率可达到95．5％。     

TiO_2作为光催化剂的制备与表征研究

研究具有可见光催化活性的TiO2光催化剂的制备及表征,以探索具有可降解甲基橙的光催化剂为研究目标,利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了不同晶型的TiO2粉末,利用X-Ray衍射(XRD)实验确定其晶体结构,利用其对甲基橙的催化降解能力分析其光催化降解污染物性能。     

微波干燥法制备纳米TiO2光催化剂及其催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱物,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法及微波干燥法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂。通过XRD、SEM及BET对光催化剂进行结构表征,以甲基橙溶液为模拟污染物,太阳光为光源,评价了其光催化活性,考察了模板剂及微波干燥条件对纳米TiO2光催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,采用离子液体作为模板剂,微波干燥条件下制备的TiO2光催化剂活性明显高于普通溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2光催化剂,光照3h甲基橙溶液降解率可达到95%。     

复合模板剂下制得介孔TiO2光催化活性的研究

以吐温-80（Tween-80）和司班-80（Span-80）为复合模板剂，采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）工艺制得介孔TiO2。通过对甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解试验表明：模板剂的种类与用量、光照距离和甲基橙溶液的原始浓度等因素对所制得介孔TiO2试样的光催化活性产生明显的影响。实验结果证明，本研究所得介孔TiO2材料具有较高的光催化活性，500℃下煅烧5h制备的样品在2．5h内可使浓度为0．02g／L的甲基橙溶液降解率达到94．7％，明显高于市售纳米TiO2粉体的降解率78．1％；通过X-ray衍射分析获知所制TiO2为锐钛矿型。     

膨胀石墨/TiO2/NiO对原油的吸附及被吸附原油的降解性能研究

将硝酸镍与氨水的反应产物、异丙醇钛盐和水洗并干燥后的可膨胀石墨混合，加热，制备出膨胀石墨／TiO2/NiO复合吸附材料。分别采用SEM、XRD和FT-IR对产物进行了表征，测定了产物对原油的最大吸附量，并对比了吸附在膨胀石墨／TiO2和膨胀石墨／TiO2/NiO中原油的降解程度。结果表明：每克膨胀石墨／TiO2／NiO最多可吸附原油56g；在紫外光（UV）照射下，吸附在膨胀石墨／TiO2和膨胀石墨／TiO2／NiO中的原油均能被降解掉，其中吸附在膨胀石墨／TiO2／NiO中的原油远比吸附在膨胀石墨／TiO2的原油降解得快。     

Photocatalytic properties of silver nanoparticles decorated nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers

In this study, nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers and silver loaded nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technique followed by TiCl4 aqueous solution treatment and silver photodeposition method. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to investigate the morphology of the products. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted on the samples to study their chemical composition as well as crystallographic structure. The photocatalytic activities of these produced nanofibers were examined with two organic dyes, methylene blue and methyl orange, under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The effect of nanobranches and silver modification on TiO2 nanofibers was revealed in the photocatalysis process. The photocatalytic degradation rates of silver loaded on nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers were 1.6 and 1.7 times as that of pure TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of methylene blue and methyl orange, respectively, which indicated silver nanoparticles combined nanobranches modified on the surface of TiO2 nanofibers could enhance the photocatalytic ability.     

TiO_2-Al_2O_3负载型催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯和氢氧化钠为反应物,采用两步水热法制备TiO2纳米线,并将其原位负载于Al2O3载体上,研究它们对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明,锐钛矿相TiO2主要呈纳米线和八面体状负载在Al2O3载体上,当TiO2负载质量分数为30%,焙烧温度为400℃,催化剂用量为1.332 0 g/L时,TiO2-Al2O3负载型催化剂光催化降解甲基橙的性能最佳,光照5 h后,甲基橙在紫外和太阳光下的降解率分别达到58.9%和55.6%。相同实验条件下,TiO2-Al2O3负载型催化剂对甲基橙的降解率比单纯TiO2提高了35.1%。     

锶元素改性TiO2／杭锦2#土复合物的光催化性能

以Ti（OBu）4和内蒙古杭锦2^#土为主要原料，Sr（NO3）2为掺杂剂，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列Sr元素掺杂改性的TiO2／杭锦2^#土复合光催化剂，并用X射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜等对样品进行了表征。紫外光照射下，以亚甲基蓝水溶液为光降解体系，考察了Sr的掺杂量和热处理温度对光降解率的影响，结果表明，Sr的掺杂量为0．5％，焙烧温度为500℃条件下制得复合物的催化活性明显优于相同条件下的TiO2／杭锦2^#土。该复合物催化剂的优点是易于从分散体系中分离和可循环使用。     

CNTs-copper oxide nanocomposite photocatalyst with high visible light degradation efficiency

Cu_xO (x = 1 or 2)/Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite was prepared through a two-step process including copper electroless deposition on CNTs followed by chemical-thermal oxidation. The effect of electroless deposition time and hence copper oxide content on the photocatalytic activity was studied, and 30 min of deposition was optimal. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman results confirm the formation of both crystalline CuO and Cu₂O phases. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the dispersion of copper oxide nanoparticles onto the surface of CNTs. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) results showed that decreasing the copper oxide content decreases the bandgap and the electron-hole pairs recombination rate. The photocatalytic activity was investigated for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. Relatively complete methylene blue (MB) degradation was obtained after 120 min for a 2 mg/L solution, while about 70% of methyl orange (MO) was degraded. The stability of the sample was also investigated, and the sample was able to maintain its performance after three cycles.     

铜掺杂纳米 TiO2 的制备及其抗菌性能研究

目的制备铜掺杂纳米二氧化钛抗菌材料,测定其金属溶出率,研究该材料的光催化活性及抗菌性能。方法通过水热合成法制备掺铜二氧化钛(TiO_2Cu)纳米材料,采用催化动力学法测定该材料Cu~(~(2+))溶出率,以亚甲蓝为光催化降解材料测定其光催化活性,以金黄色葡萄球菌为目标物,研究在紫外光和非光条件下TiO_2Cu纳米材料的抗菌性能。结果 TiO_2Cu纳米材料Cu~(2+)溶出率最大值为72.36%,在自然光和紫外灯光照下对亚甲蓝光催化降解率分别为95.06%和85.08%,光照下TiO_2Cu材料质量浓度达到10 mg/m L,与细菌共培养90 min后,抑菌率可达94%。结论采用冷冻干燥法制备的含铜量为0.2%的TiO_2Cu材料具有良好的光催化活性,在暗光和紫外光照下均具有一定的抗菌性能。     

TiO2/沸石复合物结构与光催化性能

利用天然沸石作载体制备TiO2/沸石复合物光催化材料，从晶相分析和热分析证实以TiCl4为钛源，锐钛矿在水相体系中可直接在沸石表面生成，并牢固结合，同时引起沸石矿物结构的调整。实验研究了在阳光照射下光催化材料对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的分解脱色效果，不需高温处理的样品光催化性能优于经高温处理的，脱色率接近100％，结合牢固，并可重复使用。     

高硅氧纤维负载纳米Dy/TiO_2薄膜的制备及性能

为提高纳米TiO_2的光催化降解性能和稳定性,先采用微波-溶胶法制备Dy/TiO_2溶胶,再以高硅氧玻璃纤维编织体为载体,经过浸渍-提拉法制备具有高催化性能的高硅氧纤维负载纳米Dy/TiO_2薄膜。采用XRD,SEM,PL,EDS,XPS等仪器对薄膜的物相、表面形貌结构、表面元素组成及薄膜的稳定性进行表征,并且研究预处理液和涂覆方式对高硅氧纤维薄膜的影响。另外以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察样品的光催化性能。结果表明:以高硅氧玻璃纤维编织体为载体制备的Dy/TiO_2薄膜稳定性很好;经5次涂覆后,Dy/TiO_2高硅氧纤维薄膜对甲基橙的降解率在30min后达到94%。     

Fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles loaded on coal fly ash composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity

By immobilized on the coal fly ashes, the TiO2 nanoparticles photocatalysts were obviously improved in removing organic compounds of the contaminated water. These composite catalysts were fabricated by three different methods involving hydrothermal method, physical blending and sol-gel method. The resulting materials have been characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. The photocatalytic activity of these as-prepared samples was assessed by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution at ambient temperature under UV-light irradiation. The experimental results indicated that TiO2 nanoparticles were tightly dispersed on the surface of spherical coal fly ash particles, where the adsorption ability of the catalysts is effectively promoted. It was found that the catalysts prepared by hydrothermal method exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity than that prepared by physical blending or sol-gel method which mainly resulted from the synergistic effect of TiO2 nanopartcles and coal fly ashes.     

Construction of hierarchical nanostructured TiO2/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction for improved visible light photocatalysis

In this study, Bi2MoO6 hollow microspheres were modified by depositing TiO2 nanoparticles through a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared TiO2/Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of the heterostructured catalysts was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation (lambda>420 nm). The photocatalysts based on nanostructured Bi2MoO6 and TiO2 exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity than the single-phase Bi2MoO6 or TiO2 and the mechanical mixture of Bi2MoO6 and TiO2 for degradation of MB under the same conditions. The results reported in this study provide insight into constructing other heterostructured photocatalysts.