优先渗透CO_2的TS-1/C杂化功能炭膜的制备研究

以PMDA-ODA型聚酰胺酸为原料,通过掺杂钛硅分子筛(TS-1)制备气体分离用杂化功能炭膜.系统考察了钛硅分子筛(TS-1)掺杂量、炭化温度等因素对功能炭膜气体渗透性和分离性能的影响,利用FT-IR、XRD、TG和TEM等分析手段对TS-1/C杂化原膜及其在不同温度下炭化的炭膜结构和性能进行表征.结果表明:掺杂钛硅分子筛(TS-1)可大幅提高炭膜对CO2的渗透性能;当掺杂质量分数为20%,炭化温度为600℃时,CO2、H2、O2、N2、CH4的渗透系数分别可达9 087Barrer、8 111Barrer、2 017Barrer、426Barrer和357Barrer;当炭化温度为700℃以上时,功能炭膜对各气体的渗透性急剧降低,气体分离性大幅提高.     

载镍炭分子筛膜的制备及其气体透过性能

采用热固型共聚磺化酚醛树脂在多孔Al2O3管外侧经涂覆、固化、离子交换和热解的方法制备了一种载镍炭分子筛膜.用扫描电子显微镜观察了载镍炭分子筛膜和无镍炭分子筛膜的表面形态,结果表明无镍炭分子筛膜的表面十分光滑,而载镍炭分子筛膜表面呈明显的颗粒堆积状.XRD分析表明载镍炭分子筛膜中镍以硫化物存在.500℃热解所得载镍炭分子筛膜35℃,1.013 2×105Pa时O2通量为32 GPU[1GPU=1×10-6cm3(STP)/s.cm2.cmHg],O2/N2分离系数为6.7.700℃热解所得载镍炭分子筛膜室温空气储存45天后,35℃时对H2,CO2,O2,N2,CH4等气体的透过通量波动小于8%,而透过选择性几乎不变.     

板状C/C复合膜的制备及其气体分离性能

以商用PMDA-ODA型聚酰胺酸为涂膜液,采取旋转涂膜技术在煤基板状炭膜支撑体上制备成C/C复合膜.研究了旋转涂膜次数、支撑体性质、支撑体表面预浸渍处理及加入表面改性剂对C/C复合膜气体分离性能的影响,采用扫描电镜对炭膜的复合效果和微结构进行表征.结果表明:随着旋转涂膜次数的增加,气体的渗透速率下降、分离系数增加;与无烟煤支撑体相比,以烟煤支撑体制备的C/C复合膜气体渗透速率和分离系数均较大;无烟煤支撑体经预浸渍处理后可以提高C/C复合膜的气体渗透速率;涂膜液中加入表面改性剂可以改善涂膜液和支撑体的复合效果,经一次涂膜即可制备出具有分子筛分性质的C/C复合膜.以烟煤为支撑体制备的C/C复合膜对H2/N2、CO2/N2和O2/N2的分离系数分别为94.3、18.3和10.2;空气中O2/N2分离系数为10.8,氧气的渗透速率为4.99×10-9 mol·m-2· s-1· pa-1,一次富集氧气浓度达到74.4％.     

Fe_3O_4掺杂制备气体分离功能炭膜

采用共混法在聚酰亚胺前驱体中引入Fe3O4纳米粒子,经高温热解炭化制备了杂化功能炭膜.采用XRD、TEM和VSM等分析方法对所制备的功能炭膜进行表征,并探讨了Fe3O4纳米粒子的掺杂量及炭化终温对功能炭膜气体分离性能的影响.结果表明,Fe3O4纳米粒子在热解炭化过程中发生了物相形态的改变,并对前驱体起到了催化石墨化的作用,使功能炭膜具有类石墨片层和乱层炭的两种炭结构形态,同时具有磁性.气体渗透实验表明,掺杂Fe3O4纳米粒子使所制备的功能炭膜具有"分子筛分"的分离特征,提高了炭膜的气体渗透性能,特别是对小分子气体H2的渗透性提高了61倍,H2/CO2的分离选择性也明显得到改善.Fe3O4的掺杂量和炭化终温对炭膜的气体分离性能有显著影响.Fe3O4添加量为20wt%的功能炭膜对H2、CO2、O2、N2和CH4等纯气体的渗透系数分别为15476、4385、1565、193和114Barrers[1Barrer=1×10-10cm3(STP).cm/(cm2.s.cmHg)].     

P25杂化炭膜的制备及其气体分离性能

通过在炭膜前驱体中添加纳米二氧化钛-P25粒子制备了P25杂化炭膜,并采用TG、SEM、TEM、XRD、气体渗透性能测试等表征方法探讨添加P25纳米粒子对杂化炭膜的热解过程、微观结构及气体渗透性能的影响。结果表明,P25纳米粒子的加入提高了聚合物膜的热稳定性;P25粒子因团聚形成一定的堆积间隙并与炭基体形成了界面孔隙。气体渗透性能测试表明,P25的引入显著地提高了气体渗透通量,并随添加量增加提高而更加明显,气体选择性略有降低,分离机理仍以分子筛分为主;炭化终温的提高可以显著增加气体选择性,但气体渗透性有所降低。当P25添加量为20wt%,炭化终温为700℃时,所制备的杂化炭膜其H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4气体渗透性分别为1769.2、1558.6、410.2、55.5和26.8 Barrer。     

Cu3(BTC)2对PDMS/PEI复合膜气体分离的改性研究

将金属骨架化合物(MOFs) ——Cu3(BTC)2填充到聚二甲基硅氧烷中,制备聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚醚酰亚胺(PDMS/PEI)非对称平板复合膜,进行了4种气体O2、N2、CO2及CH4的渗透过程研究,考察了Cu3 (BTC)2填充量及操作条件对膜分离性能的影响.结果表明,随Cu3 (BTC)2填充量的增加,4种气体的渗透通量及O2/N2、CO2/N2和CO2/CH4的分离系数较未改性的复合膜均有所提高,其中填充量为25％的改性复合膜获得了较优的效果;随操作压力的升高,气体的渗透通量增大而分离系数略有上升;随操作温度的升高,气体的渗透通量增大,CO2/N2和O2/N2的分离系数有所下降,而CO2/CH4的分离系数略有增加.     

聚醚共聚酰胺多层复合气体分离膜的制备及其分离性能

采用浸渍涂覆法,以聚醚共聚酰胺PEBA1074嵌段高分子为选择层膜材料制备具有超薄分离层的PEI/PDMS/PEBA1074/PDMS多层复合气体分离膜,探讨了操作条件对H2、N2、CH4和CO2等在多层复合膜中的渗透性能的影响.多层复合膜对极性气体具有较高的渗透通量,并且对极性/非极性气体分离体系具有较高的选择性.CO2对多层复合膜存在增塑作用,其渗透通量随操作压力的增加而增加;随着操作温度的升高,H2、N2、CH4和CO2在复合膜中的渗透通量显著增大,而CO2/非极性气体(H2、N2和CH4)的分离系数减小.气体渗透通量与温度的关系在PEO链段熔点的上下分别满足不同的Arrhenius方程.当操作温度大于PEO链段熔点温度时,气体的渗透活化能减小.     

聚醚砜-纳米二氧化硅气体分离复合膜的性能

研究了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)颗粒的添加对聚醚砜纳米二氧化硅气体分离复合膜气体渗透性能的影响.采用SEM、机械性能和气体分离性能等评价方法分别表征膜的微观结构、力学性能及分离性能.结果表明:随着SiO2添加量的增加,杨氏模量增大,H2、N2、O2、CH4和CO2气体的渗透通量增大,但O2/N2,CO2/CH4和H2/N2的分离因子有所降低;中空纤维气体分离复合膜在放置一段时间后,性能趋于稳定;制备好的膜以乙醇和正己烷为交换剂,在烘箱中烘干作为后处理方式能够使膜具有较好的分离性能.     

填充型H-β分子筛-聚砜复合膜的制备与性能研究

以聚砜为基体材料填充H-β分子筛,制备一系列的新型聚合物基复合膜,考察了这些膜的微观形貌,力学性能和气体渗透性能.结果表明,分子筛加入后与聚合物之间形成较好的界面结合,但是复合薄膜的拉伸强度明显降低,与分子筛的含量近似为线性关系.O2、N2和CO2 3种气体的渗透测定结果表明,加入分子筛后,这些气体的渗透系数显著上升,而且随着分子筛含量的增大而进一步提高.同时复合膜对CO2/N2和CO2/O2的分离选择性也有较大的提高.加入分子筛后,至少有部分气体分子是经过分子筛的孔道吸收与扩散而实现膜的透过的,即H-β分子筛起了筛分作用.可以推论填充分子筛改变了聚合物本体材料的内部结构,进而改善其气体渗透性能,有助于实现气体成分的调控或气体分离.     

乙基纤维素/C60复合膜制备及气体分离性能研究

为制备C60含量不同的乙基纤维素(EC)/C60复合膜,采用UV-可见光谱、AFM和XRD等手段对紫外光辐照前后复合膜结构进行表征,并考察其对气体分离及渗透性能的影响.结果表明,复合膜经紫外光辐照后,C60在膜表面的分布由独立的簇状结构转变为连续平缓的丘陵状结构,膜表面更加致密光滑;复合膜分子链间距未发生明显变化,但对N2、CO2、H2的渗透性能和H2/N2、CO2/N2分离性能产生明显影响.当C60添加量达到1.6%时,未经紫外光辐照的复合膜对CO2及H2的透气系数较纯EC膜分别提高了30%和40%,分别达到61.29Barrer和78.88Barrer,对H2/N2,CO2/N2理想分离系数增至纯EC膜的1.47和1.38倍,分别达到9.979和12.84;经紫外光辐照后,高C60含量的EC/C60复合膜能够保持纯EC膜对CO2和H2的透过水平,而对H2/N2和CO2/N2的分离性能增至纯EC膜的2.30和2.43倍,分别达到17.49和25.60.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.