双过渡金属杂原子介观催化材料的制备及在有机合成中的应用

以煅烧偏高岭土为硅源，Na2MoO4为钼源，ZrO2为锆源，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAMB）为结构导向剂，利用水热法合成了规则六方结构的Zr-Mo-MCM-41介观催化材料。红外（FTIR）分析表明，799cm^-1处出现的伸缩振动峰可能为Zr-O键和Mo-O键的重叠峰。扫描电镜分析表明，合成的Zr-Mo-MCM-41催化材料的分散性能好，平均粒径在400nm左右且其颗粒为球形，这与X射线衍射（XRD）和激光粒度分析结果相一致．N2吸附脱附曲线研究表明，催化材料具有明显的介孔结构特征，孔径分布窄，在3．3nm左右。以H2O2为氧化剂，环戊烯环氧化反应作为探针反应，结果表明高有序介观催化材料Mo-Zr-MCM-41，与单一的杂原子Mo-MCM-41和Zr-MCM-41催化剂相比，在催化性能、水热稳定性、循环使用次数等方面得到明显改善，体现了双金属的催化协同效应。     

介孔TiO2的制备及其组织结构表征

以钛酸四丁酯为原料，柠檬酸为抑制剂，在室温下采用水解沉淀法制备出纳米介孔TiO2粉体。采用X射线衍射（XRD），透射电子显微镜（TEM），N2吸附，脱附等技术对其组织结构进行表征并研究了不同热处理温度对TiO2相变的影响。结果表明：纳米介孔TiO2粉体晶粒尺寸在30nm左右，比表面积为85．452m^2／g，孔容0．05cm^3/g，孔径在4-10nm左右。500℃热处理样品具有完整的四方相锐钛矿型TiO2结构。经TEM分析结果表明，介孔TiO2样品经500℃热处理1h后呈类球型颗粒，尺寸均匀，而且孔隙已经连成网络状结构。     

离子液中介孔TiO2的制备及其形成机理研究

首次以不同咪唑基离子液为结构导向剂，通过水热合成制备出介孔TiO2分子筛。考察了合成条件对产物结构的影响，结果表明，离子液用量、离子液类型、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素对TiO2介孔分子筛的形成和孔道结构均有影响，其中晶化温度及离子液类型的影响最为明显，在较低晶化温度时（100℃）产物孔径分布范围宽，但仍为介孔结构，当温度升高到180℃时，孔径变大并开始失去介孔特征，机理为晶化温度会影响离子液与无机物的相互作用速度，高温时TiO2结晶度也会迅速提高导致失去介孔结构，最佳晶化温度为120℃；咪唑基离子液其碳链长度不同，使用短链离子液时产物无介孔结构，当使用长链离子液时产物孔道结构良好，作为结构导向剂其碳链长度会决定产物孔道生长趋势和长度，最佳离子液类型为[C16MIM]Br．X射线衍射谱（XRD）表明产物为锐钛矿型介孔TiO2；透射电镜（TEM）观察表明产物具有规整的孔道结构（3～4nm），与低温氮吸附法分析结果一致；激光粒度分析表明产物粒度较小（20～40nm）并且分布范围窄。     

热还原法制备氧化石墨烯/TiO_2复合材料及其光催化性能研究

采用Hummers法制得氧化石墨烯,以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用原位溶胶-凝胶技术制备了氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合材料,进一步经过加热还原的方法,制备热还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合光催化剂,通过FT-IR、XRD、Raman、SEM、TEM和UV-Vis光谱等对产物进行了表征,并测试了该复合光催化剂在可见光下对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明,制备的复合光催化剂主晶相为锐钛矿型TiO2,热还原氧化石墨烯表面富集的颗粒尺寸15nm左右,颗粒分布均匀。热还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合光催化剂在可见光下具有优异的光催化性能。     

纳米In2O3／TiO2介孔复合体的制备及其光致发光性能研究

本论文利用尿素水解均匀沉淀法制备锐钛矿型纳米TiO2介孔粉体，然后在硫酸铟溶液中浸泡一周，并在650℃下退火处理5h，制得纳米In2O3／TiO2介孔复合体。采用X射线衍射（XRD）和光致发光（PL）谱表征In2O3／TiO2介孔复合体的组成结构和发光性能，并对相同温度退火处理下的介孔TiO2粉体进行比较，结果表明：经过650℃退火后，在激发波长380nm，发射波长570nm附近，纳米In2O3／TiO2介孔复合体产生荧光增强效应。     

工业TiOSO4液合成有序介孔TiO2分子筛的研究

以工业TiOSO4液为原料,在复合模板剂十二胺和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的超分子自组装诱导作用下,合成出有序介孔TiO2.通过控制溶液pH值有效调控TiOSO4液的水解缩聚速率,使得水合二氧化钛均匀沉积于复合模板剂形成的胶束上,在脱除模板剂后得到介孔材料.产物采用XRD、粒度分布测试、SEM、TEM、电子衍射及等温N2吸附进行分析表征.研究表明:介孔TiO2具有精细纳米结构,孔道分布窄,平均孔径2.2nm,BET比表面积为135.9m2/g,孔隙率31%,孔容0.17cm3/g;介孔TiO2的孔壁部分晶化为锐钛型,晶粒尺寸为37nm,粒子介于30～80nm间,聚集的粉末颗粒为类球形.     

复合模板剂下制得介孔TiO2光催化活性的研究

以吐温-80（Tween-80）和司班-80（Span-80）为复合模板剂，采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）工艺制得介孔TiO2。通过对甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解试验表明：模板剂的种类与用量、光照距离和甲基橙溶液的原始浓度等因素对所制得介孔TiO2试样的光催化活性产生明显的影响。实验结果证明，本研究所得介孔TiO2材料具有较高的光催化活性，500℃下煅烧5h制备的样品在2．5h内可使浓度为0．02g／L的甲基橙溶液降解率达到94．7％，明显高于市售纳米TiO2粉体的降解率78．1％；通过X-ray衍射分析获知所制TiO2为锐钛矿型。     

TiO2介孔光催化剂的制备研究进展

介孔TiO2是一种新型高效的光催化剂，综述了介孔TiO2的各种制备方法及其相关材料性能和在光催化降解方面的应用。分析了目前介孔TiO2材料合成和应用中存在的问题，展望了该领域的研究前景。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合光催化剂及其表征

以钛酸四正丁酯为钛源,异丙醇铝为铝源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂,考察其对甲基橙的吸附性能和在紫外光照射下的光催化活性。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附-脱附等对催化剂的晶相结构、化学组成及BET比表面积和孔径分布等进行了表征。结果表明TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂由TiO2和Al2O3组成,其中TiO2为单一的锐钛矿晶相,Al2O3为非晶态,Al2O3的存在可抑制TiO2晶粒的生长。在n(Ti)/n(Al)=12,500℃煅烧3h制得的TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂比表面积达99.21m2/g,平均孔径为22.39nm,累计孔容积为0.4493cm3/g。在500℃煅烧制得的复合光催化剂具有最佳的光催化活性和吸附性能。与纯TiO2相比,相同条件下TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂的光催化活性和吸附性能都有较大提高。     

磁性炭基TiO_2复合光催化剂的制备及降解罗丹明B的研究

采用浸渍法将介孔炭(MC)和铁酸镍复合制备出磁性介孔炭复合载体(MMC);采用溶胶-凝胶法在磁性复合载体上负载活性组分TiO2制成新型磁性复合光催化剂(TiO2/MMC)。样品采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、氮气吸附-脱附等和振动磁强计(VSM)表征。结果表明:TiO2/MMC复合光催化剂包含NiFe2O4磁性组分和锐钛矿TiO2活性组分,晶粒粒度约为0.15~0.2μm,BET比表面积约126m2/g,饱和磁化强度5.611emu/g。对罗丹明B染料废水光催化降解性能测试表明:TiO2/MMC复合光催化剂具有较高暗吸附特征和光催化活性,30min内暗吸附率可达33.168%,在8w低压汞灯照射下,3.5h降解率达到100%。因此,TiO2/MMC兼具良好的磁回收性能和光催化活性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from