Y—PSZ对Al2O3纳米粉烧结特性及性能的影响

在Ａｌ２Ｏ３纳米粉中加入１００－４００ｍｇ．ｇ＾－１的０．０２５ｍｏｌＹ２Ｏ２（Ｙ－ＰＳＺ），探讨了加入量对Ａｌ２Ｏ３纳米粉的烧结特性和烧成陶瓷力学性能的影响，结果表明，Ｙ－ＰＳＺ可促进烧结致密化，降低烧结温度，并且有效地抑制烧结时Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒的长大，提高烧成陶瓷的性能。     

残余热应力对Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷断裂行为和力学性能的影响

运用残余热应力理论定性地解释也残余热应力对Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷断裂行为和力学性能的影响，Ni颗粒位于Al2O3晶内或Ni含量低时，在Al2O3-Al2O3晶界产生张应力，易发生沿晶断裂；而其位于Al2O3晶界或Ni含量高时，在Al2O3-Al2O3晶界产生压应力，易产生穿晶断裂。     

Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷力学性能和介电性能的研究

以热压烧结的方法制备了Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷,探讨了Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷显微结构、力学性能及微波介电性能随Ni粒子含量变化的规律.结果表明,在垂直于压力方向上,Ni粒子有明显的受压拉伸现象;当Ni粒子含量从5%(体积分数)增加至20%(体积分数)时,金属陶瓷中Ni粒子的分布由孤立向部分桥连方式转变.随Ni粒子含量的增加,金属陶瓷致密度略有下降,抗弯强度明显降低.与纯氧化铝陶瓷相比,含20%(体积分数)Ni粒子Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷的断裂韧性提高了50%左右,达到6.4MPa·m1/2.复介电常数测试结果表明,在8.2～12.4GHz频率范围内,金属陶瓷复介电常数的实部和损耗随Ni粒子含量的增加逐渐上升.当Ni粒子含量达到20%(体积分数)时,由于Ni粒子之间的部分桥连现象而使介电常数虚部在一定频段出现负值.     

烧结气氛对Al／Al2O3陶瓷基复合材料组成与性能的影响

介绍了一种新型的Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷基复合材料，讨论了该材料的烧结机理，研究了烧结气氛对该材料性能的影响。结果表明，助烧的合理选择是实现Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷基复合材料在１０００℃烧结的关键，助烧剂的粘－塑性流动是材料的主要烧结机理。氢气气氛改变了助烧剂的有效成分，降低了该材料的烧结性能，从而不利于物理性能和力学性能的提高。在Ａｌ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷基复合材料的制造过程中，选择空气气氛是合适的。     

颗粒包覆对Al2O3／青铜复合材料界面结构模式及性能的影响

采用化学镀的方法Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒表面包覆镍或铜，研究了颗粒包覆对Ａｌ２Ｏ３／青铜复合材料界面结合模式及性能的影响。ＸＲＤ结果表明，包镍后，复合材料的界面有化学反应，生成Ｎｉ２Ａｌ３相，复合材料的界面结合强度因此而增加；包铜后，复合材料的界面无化学反应发生，但因机械锁合作用加强，也使复合材料的界面结构加强。     

Al2O3含量对Al2O3/W复合材料合成的影响

以铝热法为基础制备了A12O3/W复合材料，探讨了A12O3含量对复合材料合成的影响。研究表明：主要物相为α-A12O3、金属W。刚玉含量小于0．3时，温度影响不显著，大于0．3时，温度影响显著，有大量碳化物生成，且WC/W2C相对含量随A12O3含量增加及煅烧温度的提高而增加。当刚玉含量为0．5mol时，有正交晶钨酸铝生成。随刚玉含量变化，金属钨分布从连续分布向弥散分布变化。连续分布的金属钨因被氧化铝包裹因此难以碳化，而弥散分布的金属钨则易于被碳化。     

La2O3对热压烧结Al2O3性能的影响

以高纯的α-Al2O3为原料,以MgO、La2O3为烧结助剂,采用热压烧结工艺制备Al2O3。用阿基米德法、SEM、XRD等研究了材料的烧结性能、显微结构和相组成;用三点弯曲法测试材料的力学性能,用阻抗仪和氦质谱检漏仪分别测试试样的介电性能和气密性。结果表明：在1500℃烧结制备的材料晶粒细小,平均晶粒尺寸小于1μm,...     

晶粒细化对Al2O3／ZrB2／ZrO2复合陶瓷材料力学性能的影响

采用普通球磨细化工艺和两次球磨细化工艺制备出两类Al2O3/ZrB2/ZrO2复合陶瓷材料,并对材料的硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度进行了测试和分析.结果表明,两次球磨细化工艺可以明显降低ZrB2/ZrO2晶粒的尺寸至0.2～0.4μm,使其在Al2O3基体内的分布更均匀,并能有抑制Al2O3晶粒的异常长大.与普通细化工艺相比较,此工艺改变了材料的断裂模式,强化了晶界的结合能力,使复合材料的综合力学性能得到了更大程度的改善,其中抗弯强度和硬度最多提高了48%和41%.     

短切碳纤维含量对Csf/Al2O3复合材料性能的影响

采用热压烧结法制备了短切碳纤维-氧化铝(Csf/Al2O3)复合材料,研究了短切碳纤维含量对该复合材料维氏硬度、抗弯强度及微波介电性能的影响.结果表明,热压烧结可以获得高致密度、高硬度的Csf/Al2O3复合材料.碳纤维的加入降低了氧化铝基体的抗弯强度,但随着碳纤维含量的增加,抗弯强度有增大的趋势,Csf/Al2O3复合材料复介电常数的实部与虚部也显著提高.     

热处理对Ni/Al2O3界面电子结构的影响

在多晶Al2O3基片上用射频磁控溅射法沉积Ni薄膜,将所得的样品N2气保护下在400℃和800℃保温30分种,采用光电子能谱配合Ar3+离子原位刻蚀的方法分析不同热处理样品原子沿纵深方向的化学状态.界面区域化学状态和化学组成的研究结果表明在本文的实验条件Ni在界面与Al2O3没有明显的化学状态变化,即对界面电子结构的影响不明显,但在高温(800℃)条件下存在Ni向Al2O3基片的扩散.     

Influence of interface microstructure on the mechanical properties of Ti/Ni multi-layered composites

The research was performed to determine the influence of microstructural evolution at interfaces on the subsequent uniaxial tensile properties of Ti/Ni multi-layered composites. The microstructure and chemical composition of the interfaces were examined. The fracture feature of the tensile samples was studied. At longer annealing time, the diffusion regions between Ti and Ni elements from a single side changed to two sides and became thicker. The tensile strength of the annealed composites decreased initially, and then was slightly increased after 60?h. The elongation increased significantly relative to the original rolled samples. Fractography revealed brittle fracture areas produced in the Ti/Ni interfaces. The failure mode in the annealed Ti/Ni composites was a typical ductile mixed brittle fracture.     

Effects of oxidation of Cr3C2 particulate-reinforced alumina composites on microstructure and mechanical properties

Al₂O₃ can be strengthened and toughened by incorporating Cr₃C₂ particles through hotpressing. For instance, an Al₂O₃-10 vol% Cr₃C₂ composite exhibits fracture strength and toughness of 600 MPa and 5.5 Mpa m^0.5, respectively. An annealing treatment in air from 1000–1200C may further substantially strengthen the same composite to give _f = 800 MPa andK _IC = 9.5 MPam^0.5. Possible oxidation reactions and toughening mechanisms are discussed in terms of oxygen diffusion, the formation of micropores beneath the exposed surface, as well as the fracture mode.     

Densification,mechanical and microstructure properties of β-spodumene—alumina composites

New systems consisting of ceramic composites have been recently developed to replace conventional alumina as a substrate for high performance large scale integrated packaging. Few investigations on the β-spodumene—alumina composites have been performed. Accordingly, the effect of β-spodumene content on the sintering behaviour and mechanical properties of the β-spodumene—alumina composites is the aim of the present study. Microstructural characteristics, thermal expansion and phase relations were also discussed. Fine β-spodumene and alumina powders of high purity were synthesized by aqueous sol-gel processing. The gels were dried and calcined and the resulting materials characterized by XRD. Various compositions of β-spodumene—alumina were prepared and conventional sintering studies were conducted at temperatures of 1400°–1600 °C with soaking periods of 1–4 h. The obtained results showed that densification was reduced with the increase of β-spodumene content. Mullite was detected in bodies containing 5% β-spodumene. There was no evidence of mullite presence with higher contents of β-spodumene. Increasing β-spodumene from 5 mass% up to 15 mass% increased the bodies bending strength by ≈43%, while the thermal expansion coefficient was slightly changed from 1.05 to 2.67×10⁻⁶/°C in the range of 20° to 1000 °C.     

Effects of heteroflocculation of powders on mechanical properties of zirconia alumina composites

Zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) composites colloidally processed from dense aqueous suspensions (>50 vol% solids) had ZrO₂ content varying from 5 to 30 vol%. Tetragonal zirconia (TZ) was used in the unstabilized, transformable form (0Y-TZ), in the partially transformable form, partially stabilized with 2 mol% yttria (2Y-TZ), and in the non-transformable form stabilized with 3 mol% yttria (3Y-TZ). After sintering in air to 99% theoretical density, the elastic properties, flexure strength and fracture toughness were examined at room temperature. Dynamic moduli of elasticity of fully deagglomerated compositions did not show the effects of microcrack formation during sintering, even for materials with unstabilized zirconia. In all compositions made from submicron powders and with low content of dispersed phase (less than 10 to 20 vol %), the strength increased with increasing ZrO₂ content to a maximum of 1 GPa, irrespective of the degree of stabilization of t-ZrO₂. With increasing content of the dispersed phase (> 20 vol%), heteroflocculation of powder mixtures during wet-processing led to the formation of ZrO₂ grain clusters of increasing size. Residual tensile stresses built within cluster/matrix interfaces upon cooling not only facilitated the t-m ZrO₂ phase transformation in final composites with transformable t-ZrO₂, but also led to lateral microcracking of ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ interfaces. This enhanced fracture toughness, but at larger ZrO₂ contents the flexure strength always decreased due to intensive microcracking, both radial and lateral. The important microstructural aspects of strengthening and toughening mechanisms in ZTA composites are related in discussion to the effects of heteroflocculation of powder mixtures during wet-processing.     

Effects of processing methods and parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of carbon/carbon composites

The influence of the fabrication parameters during carbonization and densification processes on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were investigated. The C/C composites were made by using phenolic resin as precursor and two-dimensional carbon fabrics as reinforcements for the first carbonization. The effects of heating rate and heat-treatment temperature during the initial carbonization process on the properties of C/C composites are presented. Further densification treatment was completed by chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) and a liquid-resin impregnation process. The CVI route was found to be more efficient than the resin-impregnation process. The interlayer spacing of C/C composites did not change after resin re-impregnation for several times. However, the interlayer spacing of the C/C composites was reduced when the processing temperature in the CVI process was increased. Higher flexural strength and flexural modulus were obtained because the densities of the composites were enhanced either by the chemical vapour infiltration process or by the resin-impregnation route. The variation in thickness of the CVI deposited carbon within the preformed composite was studied and the morphology of the fracture surface of the C/C composites was also examined.     

Effects of TiO2 doping on microstructure and properties of directed laser deposition alumina/aluminum titanate composites

ABSTRACT

Al₂O₃-based composite ceramics have excellent high temperature performance and are ideal materials for preparing hot end components. However, poor fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance limit its applications. Based on the excellent low thermal expansion characteristics and thermal shock resistance of Al₂TiO₅ ceramic, different composition ratios of Al₂O₃/Al₂TiO₅ composite ceramics were prepared by directed laser deposition (DLD) technology. Effects of TiO₂ doping amount on microstructure and properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. Results show that α-Al₂O₃ phase is discretely distributed in the continuous aluminum titanate matrix when TiO₂ doping amount between 2 and 30?mol%. With the increase of TiO₂ doping amount, content of Al₂O₃ gradually decreases and its morphology changes from cellular to dendritic. When TiO₂ doping amount reaches 43.9?mol%, the microstructure transforms into fine Al₂TiO₅/Al₆Ti₂O₁₃ eutectic structure. Property test results show that Al₂O₃/Al₂TiO₅ composite ceramics have good comprehensive mechanical properties when TiO₂ doping amount between 2 and 6?mol%.     

Preparation, microstructure and mechanical properties of metal-particulate/glass-matrix composites

Composites with a borosilicate glass matrix containing different concentrations of vanadium particles were fabricated by powder metallurgy and hot-pressing. The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of the composites were assessed by a range of techniques. Young's modulus, fracture strength in bending, and fracture toughness increased with vanadium content. By virtue of the good interfacial bonding and low residual internal stresses, an effective crack-particle interaction during fracture was achieved. The fracture toughness of composites containing 30 vol. % of vanadium inclusions was approximately 65 % higher than that of the unreinforced glass. Experimental values for the fracture toughness increment were in good qualitative agreement with the predictions of theoretical models in the literature. Extensive plastic deformation of the vanadium inclusions was not found, however. This was attributed mainly to the constraint imposed by the rigid matrix surrounding the particles and to possible embrittlement of the particles during composite fabrication at high temperatures. The brittleness index (B) of the composites was calculated and its relevance for characterisation of the ductile versus brittle behaviour of brittle-matrix composites is discussed.     

Effect of metal volume fraction on the mechanical properties of alumina/aluminum composites

The influence of metal volume fraction on the mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/Al composites with constant diameter of metal ligaments was studied. Alumina/aluminum composites with interpenetrating networks and metal content between 12 and 34 vol.% were fabricated by gas-pressure infiltration technique. The fabricated composites exhibited good mechanical properties, e.g. the bending strength of 740 MPa for samples containing 12 vol.% of Al. The bending strength of the composites decreased with increasing volume fraction of metal phase. High strength of the fabricated composites was explained by strong interfacial bonding between alumina and aluminum. The fracture toughness of the composites increased, however, with increasing volume fraction of aluminum. The highest fracture toughness values of 6 MPa m were measured for the composites containing 25 vol.% of Al. Fractographic analysis of fractured surfaces showed deformed metal ligaments which demonstrated that crack bridging by plastic deformation of the metal phase is the main toughening mechanism in Al₂O₃/Al composites.