Sm3+和Gd3+共掺杂TiO2粉体的制备和性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2,1%Sm3+或2%Gd3+单掺杂和1%Sm3+/2%Gd3+共掺杂TiO2复合粉体,采用XRD和SEM/EDAX等技术进行表征。以对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解为目标反应,评价了TiO2复合粉体的光催化活性,探讨了Sm3+/Gd3+共掺杂、亚甲基蓝初始浓度和粉体投加量对TiO2粉体光催化活性的影响机制。结果表明,Sm3+/Gd3+共掺杂可以显著提高TiO2粉体的光催化活性;Sm3+/Gd3+共掺杂在TiO2粉体中产生协同作用,抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变,使TiO2粒径尺寸减小,增大了TiO2的晶格畸变。当亚甲基蓝初始浓度为4mg/L和粉体投加量为2g/L时,TiO2复合粉体的光催化活性最高,对亚甲基蓝光催化降解率达99.71%;降解亚甲基蓝反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程。     

Co掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Co掺杂TiO2粉体(Co-TiO2),采用XRD、FT-Raman、UV-Vis、PL等方法对其进行表征和分析。结果表明,Co掺杂降低了TiO2的相转变温度,拓展了TiO2对可见光的吸收范围,有效地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合。光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的实验表明,n(Co)∶n(Ti)=0.002,400℃烧结的Co-TiO2粉体具有最佳光催化性能,在普通日光灯下对亚甲基蓝的降解率达90.56%,明显优于德国Degussa公司生产的P25纯TiO2光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解率44.95%。     

煅烧温度和燃烧剂及助剂用量对TiO2光催化性能的影响

为了找出自蔓燃制备TiO2光催化剂的最佳奈件,本文以TiO（NO3）2为前驱体,以前躯体用量、燃烧剂柠檬酸和硝酸铵的比例、煅烧温度为主要考查因素,通过正交试验制备TiO2并进行亚甲基蓝的光催化降解实验。结果表明,自蔓燃工艺制备的TiO2粉体具有松散、多孔的特性;正交试验选出最优制备条件为：煅烧温度在550℃,n（TiCl1）：n（柠檬酸）：n（硝酸铵）=1：1：3,最优条件下的TiO2比不采用此工艺制备的TiO2的降解率提高了13．28％;最大光降解速率比不采用此工艺制备的TiO2的速率提高了58％。     

锌掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锌掺杂TiO2粉体(Zn-TiO2),采用XRD、TEM、UV-Vis、PL等方法对其进行表征和分析。结果表明,Zn掺杂降低了TiO2的相转变温度,拓展了TiO2对可见光的吸收范围,有效地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合。光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的实验表明,n(Zn)∶n(Ti)=0.045,400℃烧结的Zn-TiO2粉体具有最佳光催化性能,在普通日光灯下对亚甲基蓝的降解率达95.77%,明显优于德国Degussa公司生产的P25纯TiO2光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解率44.95%。     

硫掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硫掺杂二氧化钛粉体(S-TiO2),采用XRD、Nano-series Sizer、FT-IR、UV-Vis、PL等方法对其进行表征和分析。结果表明,S掺杂抑制了TiO2从锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小了粒子间的团聚,拓展了TiO2对可见光的吸收范围,有效地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合。光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的实验表明,n(S)∶n(Ti)=0.14,450℃烧结的S-TiO2粉体具有最佳光催化性能,在普通日光灯下对亚甲基蓝的降解率3h达74.12%,明显优于德国Degussa公司生产的P25纯TiO2光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解率31.89%。     

Fe_3O_4/Ce~(3+)-TiO_2复合光催化材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸铈为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为抑制剂,浓硝酸为催化剂制得稳定的Ce3+掺杂TiO2溶胶,其凝胶经不同温度煅烧3 h后制得Ce3+掺杂量不同的TiO2粉体。用XRD对TiO2进行了测试对比分析,以紫外光为光源,亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟有机染料废水,研究了TiO2的光催化性能。用化学共沉淀法制备了具有强磁性的纳米Fe3O4水基磁流体,再与Ce3+掺杂TiO2进行复合,制备了Fe3O4负载量不同的磁性Ce3+掺杂TiO2,研究了其对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解效果、磁分离回收率的影响。结果表明,TiO2凝胶热处理温度、Ce3+掺量、TiO2晶型及Fe3O4负载量对亚甲基蓝的光催化活性均有影响。掺Ce3+量为1%,热处理温度650℃的Ce3+掺杂TiO2粉体光催化活性最高。Fe3O4负载量为10%的Fe3O4/Ce3+-TiO2对亚甲基蓝的降解率8 h时达到90.3%,磁分离回收率达96.8%。     

CeO2掺杂TiO2粉体的制备及其性能研究

采用Sol-gel法制备了CeO2不同掺杂比例的TiO2粉体,研究了掺杂比例对样品晶型、光谱吸收曲线及光催化降解亚甲基蓝的影响,结果表明:掺杂CeO2的TiO2样品对光波长的响应阈值为500nm左右;样品在普通日光灯下照射4h,对亚甲基蓝的降解率明显优于Degause P25,其中CeO2掺杂比率为7%(mol)的样品降解率达到了最大.     

纳米复合材料TiO2/ZnFe2O4的制备及光催化性能

用高分子网络凝胶法制备TiO2/ZnFe2O4纳米复合材料,研究了掺杂ZnFe2O4对TiO2平均粒径、晶型及其光催化性能的影响.结果表明,掺杂的ZnFe2O4纳米晶高度分散、均匀地分布在TiO2表面,促进了TiO2向稳定的金红石相转变,并抑制了晶粒的长大.ZnFe2O4掺杂量为2%的TiO2/ZnFe2O4粉体在500℃煅烧后,在可见光范围内具有最佳的次甲基蓝降解效果,降解率达到100%.ZnFe2O4的掺杂扩展了TiO2的光谱响应范围.     

Eu3+和Sm3+共掺杂TiO2光催化剂的协同效应

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂TiO2复合粉体,采用XRD,DRS和SEM等技术进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(methylene blue,MB)的光催化降解为目标反应,评价了其光催化活性,探讨了Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂对TiO2粉体光催化的影响机制.结果表明,Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂可以显著提高TiO2粉体光催化活性,Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂在TiO2粉体中产生协同作用,可以抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变,使TiO2的粒径减小.Eu3+/Sm3+共掺杂增大了TiO2粉体的晶格畸变,使TiO2粉体吸收带边蓝移.当Eu3+/Sm3+的掺杂量分别为0.05%和0.1%,TiO2光催化活性最高,光催化降解率达到84.8%.     

镧掺杂纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土La离子掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂(La-TiO2),通过XRD、PL、UV-Vis对La-TiO2样品进行了表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,研究了不同热处理温度及不同La掺杂浓度的(La-TiO2)样品对MB的光催化降解效果。结果表明,所制备样品的晶型均为锐钛矿相和金红石相的混晶相,La离子的掺入拓展了TiO2对可见光的吸收范围,有效地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合,提高了TiO2的光催化性能。La的掺杂量为n(La)∶n(TiO2)=1∶200,热处理温度为600℃条件下制备的样品对亚甲基蓝的降解率为96.6%,显著高于Degussa P25(58.62%)。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.