氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂研究进展

对TiO2光催化剂进行改性,实现可见光催化活性是第二代光催化剂走向实用化的关键.氮掺杂TiO2是一种理想的具有可见光活性的光催化剂,由于N 2p态与O 2p态杂化,实现带隙窄化和吸收带边红移,对于实现可见光催化活性具有重要意义.评述了氮掺杂改性TiO2光催化剂的国内外研究现状,分析了不同掺杂方法对于实现TiO2可见光催化活性的掺杂机理和改性机理,提出研究合适的催化剂载体对TiO2进行氮等非金属负载是今后努力的方向,并且应该建立统一的催化剂性能评价标准.     

Rose Bengal-Cu-TiO2的制备及可见光制氢活性研究

用光还原方法制备了负载Cu的光催化剂Cu-TiO2，并通过染料Rose bengal敏化，制备了具有可见光活性的Rose bengal-Cu-TiO2光催化剂，通过可见光下光解水制氢考察了催化剂的活性，并利用XRD、UV-Vis等手段对样品进行了表征。实验表明：载Cu增强了TiO2对可见光的吸收，Cu负载量对催化剂活性有一定的影响，Cu的最佳负载量为5％（质量分数）。Cu的负载也增加了TiO2对染料的吸附强度和吸附量，从而提高了TiO2对可见光的吸收和光催化活性。但载Cu的TiO2催化剂的活性和传统的载贵金属Pt的TiO2催化剂相比，其光催化活性较低，有待进一步提高．     

pH值对氮掺杂TiO2物化性质和光催化活性的影响

以TiCl4为前驱体,水合肼和氨水的混合溶液为氮源,采用共沉淀法制备了可见光响应型氮掺杂二氧化钛(N-TiO2)光催化剂,重点研究了制备过程中pH值对催化剂的微结构和光催化活性等物化性质的影响.采用XRD、BET、UV-vis和XPS等表征方法对光催化剂性质进行了表征.催化剂主要以锐钛矿相存在,具有介孔结构和较高的比表面积(～90m2/g).随着pH值增大,锐钛矿相(101)面衍射峰逐步增强,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,比表面积逐渐减小.XPS结果表明催化剂掺杂的氮主要以系列氮氧化物形式存在.氮掺杂小幅降低了禁带宽度,感光范围拓展到可见光区.光催化降解实验表明,pH=3.5时,催化剂的可见光降解效率最高,为39.65%.随着pH值增大,催化剂可见光催化活性逐渐降低;而在紫外光照射下,pH=9.5时,催化活性最低;pH=5.5时,催化活性最高.     

微波法制备具有可见光活性的氮掺杂二氧化钛

采用乙二醇作为溶剂，脲为氮源，用微波法制备了氮掺杂的二氧化钛纳米催化剂。采用傅立叶变换红外（FTIR），波长色散谱（WDS），X射线衍射（XRD），X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等对样品的化学组成以及表面基团进行了表征和分析。在模拟太阳光和可见光的条件下对甲基橙进行光催化降解评价，结果表明该催化剂在没有降低二氧化钛紫外区活性的同时具有较高可见光催化活性。     

AlCl3修饰对虎红-TiO2光催化剂可见光制氢活性的影响

用浸渍法制备了Rose bengal-Pt-TiO2和Rose bengal-AlCl3-Pt-TiO2光催化剂,通过可见光下光解水制氢考察了催化剂的催化活性.染料Rose bengal的敏化使TiO2在可见光照射下有较强的吸收和活性.催化剂Rose bengal-AlCl3-Pt-TiO2光催化活性高于Rose bengal-Pt-TiO2.其原因是经过AlCl3修饰的TiO2可以提高对染料Rose bengal的吸附量和吸附强度, 从而提高了TiO2的可见光催化活性.     

羟基磷酸铜的形貌控制及催化性能研究进展

羟基磷铜是具有独特性能的多功能催化剂,可以催化活化过氧化氢和分子氧,用于氧化反应以及降解有机污染物。它的可见光催化活性,特别是罕见的近红外光催化活性,具有良好的应用前景。系统总结了羟基磷酸铜的形貌控制研究,介绍了其催化和光催化应用进展。     

Rose bengal-Cu-TiO2的制备及可见光制氢活性研究

用光还原方法制备了负载Cu的光催化剂Cu-TiO2,用染料Rose bengal敏化Cu-TiO2制备了具有可见光活性的Rose bengal-Cu-TiO2光催化剂,通过可见光(λ≥420nm)下分解水制氢考察了催化剂的活性,利用XRD、UV-vis吸收光谱对样品进行了表征.结果表明:载Cu增强了TiO2对可见光的吸收,Cu负载量对催化剂活性有一定的影响,Cu的最佳负载量为5%(质量分数).Cu的负载也增加了TiO2对染料的吸附,从而提高了TiO2对可见光的吸收和光催化活性.     

TiO_2/底泥复合材料的制备及其可见光催化性能评价

以河道底泥(RS)为载体,钛酸四异丙酯(TTIP)为前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO_2/RS复合可见光催化剂,考察了TiO_2/RS复合催化剂在可见光下的催化活性、可回收利用性和稳定性。利用XRD、SEM、XPS和BET表征手段对TiO_2/RS复合材料的晶型、形貌、表面形态、孔结构等进行表征。通过表征分析发现:相比TiO_2,TiO_2/RS复合材料具有更丰富的多孔结构,比表面积可增加至98.43m~2/g。模拟含甲基橙印染废水的可见光催化降解实验说明,当RS和TiO_2的质量比为0.5时,TiO_2/RS复合催化剂在可见光照射下表现出较高的催化活性,反应4h后甲基橙的降解率达到48.8%,且回收循环使用6次后TiO_2/RS复合催化剂对甲基橙的降解率仍能保持在45%以上,表现出较强的稳定性。     

Ni2O3/TiO2-xNx可见光催化剂的制备及表征

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种新型可见光催化剂Ni2O3/TiO2-xNx,用热分析、X射线光电子能谱及X射线衍射等进行了分析表征,并以偶氮染料阳离子红为目标污染物,分析了催化剂可见光下的催化活性.结果表明,Ni2O3/TiO2-xNx催化剂样品450℃处理后呈锐钛矿型.N元素进入TiO2晶格,Ni元素以Ni2O3的形式游离于TiO2晶格之外.相对于无掺杂TiO2,Ni2O3/TiO2-xNx催化体系由于N元素的掺杂使其在可见光区域的吸收大大增强, Ni2O3掺入加快了光生电子-空穴的分离和转移,因此可见光下的催化活性和光电化学活性大大提高.     

氮掺杂TiO_2的制备及其在不同光源下的光催化性能

本文以钛酸四正丁酯为前驱体,以氨水为氮源,通过温和的溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂TiO2光催化剂,采用FT-IR、TG、粒度、UV-Vis/DRS、XRD、TEM和XPS对其进行了表征。XRD、TEM测试显示N-TiO2光催化剂颗粒分布均匀、晶粒尺寸20nm左右。XPS测试表明N掺杂TiO2形成取代态O-Ti-N结构和间隙态Ti-O-N结构。以亚甲蓝为目标污染物,探讨N/Ti摩尔比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对催化剂催化性能的影响,评价催化剂在自然光、紫外光以及可见光下的催化活性。结果表明,在紫外或可见光下,不同比例的N-TiO2催化性能相近;自然光下,当N/Ti摩尔比为0.15和0.20时,其催化活性最佳;其反应速率符合一阶动力学原理。在三种光源下,煅烧温度越高,催化剂的催化性能越好,但煅烧时间对催化剂的催化性能影响较小。本研究结果显示N-TiO2催化剂在自然光、紫外光及可见光下均具有良好的光催化性能,具有广泛的实用性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.