仿竹结构多孔聚醚砜基碳纤维复合材料

竹子是以竹纤维为增强体、木质素为基体所构成的天然复合材料，其竹纤维赋予了竹材高强度的特点，多孔木质素结构赋予了竹材轻质、高韧性的特点。本文通过模仿竹子的结构特征，采用液相浸渍法和浸没沉淀相转化法在碳纤维表面沉积多孔聚醚砜聚合物，制备出兼具轻质、高韧性、高强度特点的仿竹结构多孔聚醚砜基碳纤维复合材料(CF/foam PES)。研究结果表明：与传统密实结构的聚醚砜基碳纤维复合材料(CF/condense PES)相比，本文制备出的聚醚砜基碳纤维复合材料的海绵状多孔聚醚砜结构降低了复合材料的表观密度，且CF/foam PES的比强度相对于CF/condense PES提高了234.5%，比模量提高了192.6%；多孔聚醚砜使CF/foam PES具有优异的吸能性能。     

聚醚酰亚胺对氰酸酯树脂/环氧树脂共混物的增韧作用

采用聚醚酰亚胺以提高双酚Ａ二氰酸酯／酚醛环氧树脂共混物的断裂韧性．实验结果表明，聚醚酰亚胺是氰酸酯／酚醛环氧树脂共混物的有效增韧剂，加入１５％的聚醚酰亚胺可使断裂韧性（ＫＩＣ）提高到１４５ＭＰａ·ｍ０．５，弯曲强度也有所提高．用扫描电子显微镜和动态粘弹谱研究了改性共混物的微观结构，具有双连续结构的共混物的耐溶剂性能大大下降，共混物的韧性和耐溶剂性主要与相行为有关， 固化工艺对含１０％聚醚酰亚胺的共混物的断裂韧性和形态没有明显的作用．     

聚醚砜磺化、肝素化改性

对聚醚砜进行磺化改性、对改性后的磺化聚醚砜进行肝素化改性，然后对聚醚砜、磺化聚醚砜和肝素化聚醚砜的力学性能和抗凝血性能进行了测试，结果表明：磺化改性后，聚醚砜材料的力学性能和抗凝血性能均有一定提高．经磺化改性再肝素化改性，聚醚砜材料优异的力学性能得以维持，聚醚砜材料的抗凝血性能提高明显，肝素化聚醚砜材料是一种良好的抗凝血材料。     

超支化聚醚/丁羟聚氨酯互穿网络的制备及力学性能

本文采用阳离子开环聚合的方法,合成了端羟基超支化聚醚,并对其端基进行改性,调节超支化聚醚与丁羟聚氨酯的相容性。采用FT-IR,1H-NMR对改性前后超支化聚醚进行结构表征。HTPB型聚氨酯在改性超支化聚醚的存在下原位聚合形成超支化聚醚/丁羟聚氨酯互穿聚合物网络,力学性能测试结果表明,加入超支化聚醚可以明显提高HTPB型聚氨酯胶片的力学性能。其中加入30%第4代改性超支化聚醚时,其最大拉伸强度提高了3.86倍,达到2.65 MPa。最大延伸率提高了3.7倍,达到1868%。     

环氧树脂改性固化工艺及配方对微观结构的影响

为了探讨固化工艺及配方对环氧树脂体系微观结构的影响,研究了用4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)作固化剂的环氧树脂与聚醚砜(PES)共混体系.采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究其相分离和微观结构,并通过改变聚醚砜的用量和固化工艺条件对其进行控制.结果表明,在环氧树脂与聚醚砜间形成了半互穿网络,对应于环氧态和聚醚砜态的玻璃化转变温度彼此靠近.通过控制反应进程和聚醚砜用量,可以获得不同的相结构,加入较多的聚醚砜或采用较高的固化温度,有利于提高聚醚砜增韧环氧树脂的冲击性能.     

可溶性多苯基取代联苯型聚醚酮的合成及表征

成功地合成了一种耐温等级高，可溶解的新型聚醚酮－多苯基取代联苯型聚醚酮，其玻璃化温度为２６５℃，５％热失重温度高于５００℃，易溶于氯信，二甲基乙酰胺等多种极性非质子有机溶剂，用红外，核磁等手段对该新型聚醚酮的结构进行了表征。     

聚醚氨酯结构与阻尼性能的研究（Ⅱ）

在前文利用动态粘弹仪讨论聚醚氨酯结构与阻尼性能关系的基础上，进一步探讨了由聚醚氨酯作为阻尼层，高模量环氧复合材料作为约束层构成的约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能。结果表明，聚醚氨酯结构对约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能影响很大；其模量也影响材料与金属复合后的阻尼性能，而且复合后的损耗因子峰值温度（Ｔａ）往往较聚醚氨酯的玻璃化温度（Ｔｇ）高２０℃左右；适当的软硬段配比可获得在－２０℃～＋６０℃宽温域内性能优良的阻尼材料     

聚苯硫醚对聚醚砜浇铸体性能影响研究

利用热压成型制备了聚醚砜和聚苯硫醚/聚醚砜的浇铸体,并对两种树脂浇铸体吸水性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:以1∶5质量比添加聚苯硫醚到聚醚砜中,热压成型的适宜温度范围增加一倍,复配树脂的抗水分侵蚀能力提高53.7%,抗压缩能力优于单一聚醚砜树脂。在热压温度适宜范围之外,聚醚砜树脂浇铸体力学性能出现大幅下降,复配树脂则下降幅度较小,使用时结构稳定性和安全性较好。     

木粉聚醚的分子结构表征

报道了用木粉、聚醚及多元醇在催化剂作用下合成新型聚氨酯原材料木粉聚醚，并利用凝胶液相色谱、气相色谱、燃烧热测定等手段证明了化学反应的发生。从反应理论出发推出了木粉聚醚的可能结构，并得到IR、^13C－NMR的验证。结果表明，木粉聚醚是一种多羟基、同时含有糖链和醚链的高聚物。     

聚氨酯/蒙脱土纳米复合弹性体材料--(Ⅰ)聚醚多元醇插层蒙脱土影响因素的研究

研究了研磨剪切作用对聚醚多元醇插层的蒙脱土片层结构的影响。研究发现，随着研磨时剪切应力强度和研磨次数的增加，有机蒙脱土的层间距从2．8nm逐渐扩大到5．6nm左右，直至(001)面衍射峰消失。聚醚种类对蒙脱土的片层结构也有一定影响。由此制备的聚醚多元醇／蒙脱土纳米复合物可用于本体法合成聚氨酯／蒙脱土纳米复合弹性体。     

High impact thermally stable block copolyethers

Block copolyethers characterised with high impact strengh values (I 140 kJ/m²) and stable physical and chemical properties for long duration under load (at 180–200°C) were obtained from 1,1-dichlor-2,2-di-(4-oxyphenyl)ethylene by acceptor catalytic polycondensation method. The dependence of the tensile and thermal properties of the block copolyethers on the molecular structure was investigated. It is shown that, after heat treatment the heat stability and the mechanical properties improved.     

Block lengths and block sequence of linear triblock and glycerol derivative diblock copolyethers by electrospray ionization--collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry

Chemical properties of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) block copolymers are strongly dependent on their sequence. Useful information about copolymer sequence can be obtained by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In this work, collision-induced dissociation (CID) of ammonium adducts of various linear triblock and glycerol derivative diblock copolyethers produced by electrospray ionization was studied under low-energy conditions. At first, homopolymers MS/MS spectra enabled us to identify the nature of the product ions and to suggest decomposition pathways. Then, it was shown that copolyethers with the same composition in each repeat unit but with inversed block sequences (i.e., PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO vs PPO-b-PEO-b-PPO and gPEO-b-PPO vs gPPO-b-PEO) can be easily distinguished with characteristic fragment ions. In the case of linear copolymers, CID spectra gave pertinent information about block lengths.     

Activation of complement in human serum by polyurethane having PEO-PTMO-PEO as soft segment

Complement activation induced by segmented polyurethane and polyurethaneurea was studied. The polymers were synthesized from ABA-type triblock copolyether as a prepolymer, where A represents poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and B represents poly (tetramethylene oxide). The PEO contents in the triblock copolyethers were 0, 31 and 62 mol%. The whole complement in serum was activated via the classical and the alternative pathways. The contribution of the fourth complement component (i.e. the classical pathway) became larger with increasing PEO content in the polymers, due to the increased hydrophilicity of the polymer surface. The activation of the alternative pathway was affected by the concentration of NH groups and the degree of swelling of the polymer.     

A general route to efficient functionalization of silicon quantum dots for high-performance fluorescent probes

A general technique for efficient surface modification of silicon nanocrystals is highly desirable for the development of silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) as fluorescent probes for biological applications. Herein, a facile microwave-assisted hydrosilylation process for the preparation of stable SiQDs in a single step is presented. FTIR spectroscopy indicates that molecules with various terminal functionalities, such as alcohol, alkyl groups, and carboxylic acid, are grafted successfully onto the surface of silicon nanocrystals. The dispersibility of such SiQDs is clearly dependent on the terminal functional groups of the grafted molecules. In addition, the as-prepared SiQDs show excellent cell compatibility, photoluminescence properties, and stability, and their use as long-term intracellular fluorescent probes is also demonstrated. It is envisaged that this facile and effective method for the stabilization and functionalization of SiQDs with tailored wetting and chemical properties will enable wide application of SiQDs in a number of areas.     

Possibility of Dissolution and Removal of Thick Pus due to the Physical-Chemical Characteristics of the Medicines

This paper presented the dynamics of the rheological properties of dense pus after mixing it with solutions plasma substitutes and antiseptics with respect to physical and chemical factors of the local interaction. It was studied the effect of the following factors： gravity, specific gravity, temperature, turbulence, strength, internal pressure, carbonation, pH, osmotic activity, the total concentration of ingredients, the surface activity and the amount of medication. It was found that rheology of liquid, viscous and dense biological tissues may improve medicines having the following physicochemical characteristics： hypertermia, high alkaline, high turbulence and high saturation by gas. Found that the leaders of improving rheology medicines and biological tissues are sodium bicarbonate, hydrogen peroxide and carbon dioxide, introduced in medecines similar carbonated beverages. The data allowed to develop a new hygienic medicines designed to liquefy thick purulent masses in patients with pleural empyema, peritonitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, tearful stones, osteomyelitis and sulfur tubes. New sanitary preparations are heated to 39-42 ℃ aqueous solutions 0.5%-10% sodium bicarbonate, 0.5%-3% peroxide of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, which is entered into the solution at a pressure of 0.2 ATM.     

Complete oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature over supported Pt/Fe2O3 catalysts prepared by colloid-deposition method

The catalytic properties of iron oxide supported platinum catalysts (Pt/Fe(2)O(3)), prepared by a colloid deposition route, were investigated for the complete oxidation of formaldehyde. It is found that all the Pt/Fe(2)O(3) catalysts calcined at different temperatures (200-500°C) were active for the oxidation of formaldehyde. Among them, the catalysts calcined at lower temperatures (i.e., 200 and 300°C) exhibited relatively high catalytic activity and stability, which could completely oxidize HCHO even at room temperature. Based on a variety of physical-chemical characterization results, it is proposed that the presence of suitable interaction between Pt particles and iron oxide supports, which is mainly in the form of Pt-O-Fe bonds, should play a positive role in determining the catalytic activity and stability of the supported Pt/Fe(2)O(3) catalysts.     

不同封端基对双酚A型聚芳酯结构与性能的影响

以间苯二甲酰氯(IPC)、对苯二甲酰氯(TPC)和双酚A(BPA)为原料,单官能团酚类化合物为封端剂,采用相转移催化界面缩聚法合成系列不同端基的双酚A型聚芳酯(PAR-TA)。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)及力学性能测试等对聚合物进行结构与性能的表征。结果表明,在反应过程中,选择合理的时间加入适量的单酚类化合物能有效地调控聚合物的分子质量及端基结构,封端后的PAR-TA熔融塑化温度(Ts)有所降低,而热稳定性提高,有利于改善其熔融加工性能;封端型PAR-TA具有优良的物理力学性能,且其拉伸强度明显高于未封端的聚芳酯。     

端炔基遥爪型聚酰亚胺(API)的制备及T300碳纤维布/API复合材料性能

以3,4'-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐、1,3-双（氨丙烷基）四甲基二硅醚和间氨基苯乙炔或对氨基苯基炔丙基醚为原料,合成了六种端炔基遥爪型聚酰亚胺（API）,采用模压成型制备了T300碳纤维布增强API（T300碳布/API）复合材料。利用FTIR、1H NMR、DSC、TGA、DMA等方法研究了API树脂及T300碳布/API复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明,六种API树脂溶解性良好,其加工窗口随分子量的增加而变宽,端炔丙氧基API（API-e）树脂的加工性能优于端乙炔基API（API-a）树脂;API树脂固化物的热稳定性随分子量的增加而降低,API-a树脂固化物5%热失重温度（T_d5）和800℃残留率高于API-e固化物,分别为473.7℃和48.8%;T300碳布/API复合材料的玻璃化转变温度可达220℃以上,其力学性能随其分子量的增加而提高,T300碳布/API-e复合材料在室温和200℃的力学性能均优于T300碳布/API-a复合材料。室温下T300碳布/API-e复合材料的弯曲强度为636.5 MPa,拉伸强度为406.1 MPa,层间剪切强度（ILSS）为48.4 MPa,在200℃的弯曲强度和ILSS分别为381.9 MPa和33.9 MPa。      

Ceramide–palmitic acid complex based Curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles for transdermal delivery: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study

Curcumin is an important anti-inflammatory natural compound with low bioavailability which is due to poor solubility and absorption. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with Curcumin were formulated and evaluated for physical parameters and in vitro/ex vivo permeation. Further the optimised SLN was assessed for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations. SLNs were formulated by emulsion-solvent evaporation technique and evaluated for physical properties and in vitro drug release. Selected SLNs were evaluated for stability and then characterised for pharmacokinetic parameters and anti-inflammatory activity with reference to a commercial formulation. Spherical SLNs were obtained in the size range of 102–156 nm with negative potential. C-SLN category has shown highest entrapment efficiency. The order of drug release was S-SLN > G-SLN > C-SLN. Selected SLN formulation C-SLN-3 has shown good stability under various conditions. C-SLN-3 has demonstrated highest drug permeation through human skin and 171.623 mg drug content permeated in 24 h. It has also shown lowest lag time 0.375 h. Similarly, it has shown maximum value for C_max in in vivo determination and increased the bioavailability upto 68.12%. C-SLN-3 provided 90.75% edema inhibition in 6 h. Present study shows that nature of lipids and its physical-chemical properties are critical for SLN formulation and can be used for designing better drug delivery systems with optimum transdermal permeation.     

溶解乙炔安全生产的工艺性分析

从溶解乙炔的生产实际出发,通过对溶解乙炔及相应的生产原辅料的理化性能的分析,结合溶解乙炔各工段的操作和管理特点,从工艺操作、设备维护到安全管理提出了很多实用的意见和建议。