纳米杂化PI薄膜击穿孔区形貌及元素分布

无机纳米杂化聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜具有优良的耐电晕特性,通过观察击穿孔区形貌研究薄膜击穿机理及纳米颗粒的作用,利用SEM观察阶梯式升压强电场击穿无机纳米杂化PI薄膜孔区形貌,能谱仪测试孔区附近元素分布.研究表明:杂化薄膜严重破坏区域仅局限在孔洞附近10～50 μm范围内,随半径增加,其表面由颗粒大小不均匀、表面粗糙不平,逐渐过渡到颗粒均匀的微观结构状态;Cu含量逐渐减少,Au含量逐渐增加,正常区域电极表面没有损伤;氧化铝纳米颗粒在杂化薄膜中起到阻止电极破坏的作用,薄膜击穿机理属热击穿类型.     

聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料制备方法EI北大核心CSCD

本发明提供了一种聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料制备方法,首先合成适用于聚酰亚胺的无机纳米粒子改性剂——亚胺环基硅烷;采用溶胶-凝胶法制备无机氧化物纳米粒子,在溶胶一凝胶反应过程中加入改性剂亚胺环基硅烷,得到有机-无机复合体纳米颗粒;将有机-无机复合体纳米颗粒均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,经过加热处理得到聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料。本发明的聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料制备方法解决了纳米粒子分散的难题,在聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料中纳米粒子分布均匀,不团聚,有利于其各项性能的充分发挥。     

数字散斑相关方法测量聚酰亚胺无机纳米杂化材料的热膨胀系数

利用数字散斑相关方法计算在不同温度下聚酰亚胺无机纳米杂化膜的变形量,并以此计算出聚酰亚胺无机纳米杂化膜的热膨胀系数。实验中同时测量了掺杂有不同浓度粘土、云母和二氧化硅类无机物的聚酰亚胺薄膜的热膨胀系数,并对实验结果进行了分析。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化硅-氧化铝共掺杂聚酰亚胺薄膜及其性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化硅及氧化铝溶胶,将溶胶混合后掺入正在反应的聚酰胺酸中,制得聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅-氧化铝杂化薄膜。利用扫描电子显微镜对杂化薄膜的微观形貌进行了表征,并测试了无机组分含量不同的杂化薄膜的力学性能、热稳定性及介电性能。试验结果表明,杂化薄膜材料中无机相呈现纤维结构和颗粒结构,有效地提高了薄膜的力学性能。杂化薄膜与纯膜相比,热分解温度有较大提高,且随着无机组分含量增大,热分解温度呈现先上升后下降的趋势。介电性能分析表明,杂化薄膜的介电常数和介电损耗与频率的关系符合德拜松弛极化机理。     

超声机械共混法制备聚酰亚胺／nano-A12O3·SiO2杂化材料工艺研究

采用均苯四甲酸二酐（PMDA）及4，4’-二氨基二苯基醚（ODA）为基本原料，以N，N’-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）为溶剂制备聚酰胺酸（PAA）溶液。由于纳米粒子的表面能很大，易团聚和二次团聚。为了解决这个问题，采用了超声机械共混法，使球型nano-A12O3，nano-SiO2和孔型nano-SiO2均匀分散在聚酰胺酸胶液中，按照一定工艺要求制备聚酰亚胺，无机纳米杂化薄膜。利用红外光谱（FT-IR）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对杂化材料进行结构和表面形貌测试与表征。并对超声波机理进行探讨。结果表明：利用超声法制备聚酰亚胺杂化材料，高聚物与纳米粒子之间有相互作用，杂化薄膜中无机纳米粒子分散均匀，且平均粒度在30nm左右。     

杂化聚酰亚胺薄膜无机相形貌和介电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化硅及氧化铝溶胶,将其掺入聚酰胺酸溶液中,制得聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅-氧化铝杂化薄膜,利用原子力显微镜对杂化薄膜的无机相微观形貌进行表征,用精密阻抗分析仪测试杂化膜介电性能.研究表明:掺入无机组分含量均为4%时,随着掺入二氧化硅所占比例的增大,无机纳米粒子的平均粒径增加,当其与氧化铝质量比为8:1时无机相呈网络状,与聚酰亚胺基体界面模糊;掺入无机组分对杂化薄膜的介电性能产生影响,介电常数ε和介电损耗tgδ随频率增加而减小,在相同频率下随掺入二氧化硅所占比例增大,介电常数ε和介电损耗tgδ增大.     

无机组分对聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜电性能的影响

初步探讨了聚酰亚胺薄膜在电场作用下的电学行为,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅纳米杂化薄膜,并对薄膜进行浸水24 h处理,利用原子力显微镜对制备的薄膜进行表面形貌表征,讨论了无机组分SiO2和水对薄膜电性能的影响.结果表明:无机组分的引入及两相间的界面形态将对杂化薄膜的电学性能产生重大的影响;偶联剂的引入使得两相间产生紧密的微相结合,并对电性能产生一定的影响.     

高分子专利

专利名称:聚酰亚胺/无机纳米杂化材料制备方法专利申请号:CN200710072263.3公开号:CN101058673申请日:2007.05.28公开日:2007.10.24申请人:哈尔滨工程大学本发明提供了一种聚酰亚胺/无机纳米杂化材料制备方法,首先合成适用于聚酰亚胺的无机纳米粒子     

SiO_2含量对PI/SiO_2杂化薄膜性能的影响

聚酰亚胺与SiO2杂化形成的有机-无机杂化薄膜体现出了优异的综合性能,在催化与分离、微电子、光电和绝热材料等领域具有广泛的应用及发展潜力。杂化材料相关的研究也越来越多,就SiO2含量对聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化薄膜的光、电、热和力学性能的影响进行综述,总结了杂化薄膜的性能随SiO2含量变化而变化的基本规律。     

蒙脱土/二氧化钛/聚酰亚胺纳米杂化薄膜低温力学及热稳定性能研究

利用插层法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同含量的蒙脱土/ 二氧化钛/ 聚酰亚胺(MMT/ TiO₂ / PI) 纳米杂化薄膜。采用傅立叶红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、扫描电镜和热重分析等对该体系的分子结构、断口形貌和热性能进行了表征, 同时研究了聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜低温(77 K) 力学性能。结果表明, 纳米粒子与基体结合情况良好, 热分解温度Td有所上升。TiO₂ / PI 杂化薄膜低温拉伸强度随TiO₂ 质量分数增加而有所下降; 而MMT/ TiO₂ / PI 杂化薄膜拉伸强度随TiO₂质量分数增加而增加并在TiO₂质量分数为2 %时达到最大值, 说明TiO₂ 与MMT 超混杂产生了协同效应。另外, 弹性模量随无机颗粒含量的增加而提高, 但断裂伸长率则下降。      

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from