抗菌超疏水功能复合型涂料的研究进展

水性涂料是目前占据市场的主要涂料，然而水性涂料以水为溶剂会导致细菌入侵，从而影响涂料的性能。超疏水表面具有较强的自清洁能力，可以降低细菌粘附强度，但不足以杀死细菌，在超疏水涂料中引入抗菌剂，可以利用二者的协同作用更加有效地抑制细菌的生长和繁殖，这种抗菌超疏水涂料在实际应用中具有重要意义。综述了超疏水涂料、抗菌涂料及抗菌剂的分类，进一步阐明了抗菌超疏水涂料的作用机理，重点介绍了金属基型、季铵盐型和N-卤胺型3种抗菌超疏水涂料，及其在医疗卫生、材料防护和海洋防污等方面的应用。最后，对抗菌超疏水功能复合型涂料的发展前景进行了展望。     

新型环保电气石材料应用于防污涂料中的可行性研究

本文通过对电气石粉体的成分、粒度、负离子发射浓度等指标进行测试分析,结合浅海挂板试验以及实验室抗藤壶附着试验、抑菌试验等,对电气石材料在船舶防污涂料中的应用及其防污机理进行了可行性研究。研究结果表明:通过适当的改性手段,可将电气石矿物材料添加到防污涂料中,它在涂料中起到一定的防污作用。     

天然矿物纳米材料开发与应用

本文报告了在嫩江流域发现的一种新型天然矿物纳米级材料——嫩江蛋白石页岩。经过超细加工与改性,不仅展现了它的奇特的功能——纳米级蛋白石微孔材料,具有很强的吸附性,而且可以配制出负离子添加剂,应用到油漆、涂料、橡胶、塑料、纤维、纺织品中,能够释放负离子,可以用来制备21世纪环保型健康的新型功能材料,制造天然负离子发生器。     

抗菌性聚氨酯涂料的最新研究进展

聚氨酯凭借其优异的性能被广泛应用于涂料行业,而提高聚氨酯涂料的抗菌性能对延长聚氨酯涂料的使用寿命和拓宽其应用领域具有非常重要的意义。从3种抗菌改性方法出发总结了近年来国内外学者在抗菌性聚氨酯涂料方面的研究进展,并列举了一些新思路新方法,展望了抗菌性聚氨酯涂料未来的发展方向。     

亲水性聚丙烯酸酯的合成及其在自清洁涂料中的应用

利用可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)聚合方法合成具有正电性的亲水性聚丙烯酸酯,经检测该聚合物具有良好的抗菌性能,利用该材料制备二氧化钛(TiO_2)作为填料的涂料体系。实验结果表明,该涂料硬度、附着力等性能均符合国家标准,涂层具有亲水性,并具有较好的防尘、防污与抗菌性能。     

用于光催化抗菌涂料的纳米TiO2的制备及改性方法

纳米TiO2光催化抗菌涂料是研究热点,其中纳米TiO2抗菌粒子的制备及处理十分重要。介绍了纳米TiO2的抗菌机理及常用的纳米TiO2抗菌粒子制备方法,并从增强纳米TiO2对可见光响应性方面对TiO2的改性方法进行了综述,同时对纳米TiO2在光催化抗菌涂料中的发展前景进行了展望。     

抗菌涂料、油漆

日常生活中,涂料和油漆是家具生产、居室装修必不可少的材料。涂料和油漆发展的一个方向是抗菌涂料、油漆。所谓抗菌,是指在一定时间内抑制细菌的生长和繁殖。抗菌涂料、油漆是在油漆、涂料中加入抗菌剂,使涂料、油漆具有抗菌的功能。工程塑料国家工程研究中心生产的抗菌剂具有抗菌效率高、抗菌时间长、抗菌谱广、添加量少、价格合理等特点。添加１％～１－５％的抗菌剂,即可使涂料、油漆对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等葛兰氏细菌的抑菌率达９９％以上,对霉菌及真菌的生长也有明显的抑制作用。抗菌剂对人体无毒无害,也不会影响涂料原有…     

抗菌聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维的研究

为了有效解决活性碳纤维在使用过程中易受到细菌污染的问题,扩大活性碳纤维的应用领域,进行了抗菌聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维的研究.采用研磨燃烧法制备了纳米级的电气石粉,将电气石粉和银系抗菌剂按照一定比例混合后掺入纺丝液中,经纺丝、碳化和活化制备出聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维(PAN-ACF).采用BET法、DFT法、抑菌圈法和负离子测定仪对活性碳纤维的孔径分布、抗菌性能和负离子释放量进行了研究.实验结果表明:这种复合型抗菌活性碳纤维的孔径结构和吸附性能都有所改变,在电气石和银粒子的共同作用下抗菌性显著提高,经多次使用后性能几乎不变,负离子的释放量大于2000个/cm3.     

卷材用聚氨酯抗菌涂料的研制

为了研制合适的、具有优异抗菌性能的卷材用涂料/涂层,根据颜料体积浓度(PVC)、临界颜料体积浓度(CPVC)对卷材涂料耐腐蚀性、附着力等性能的影响,结合卷材涂料黏度、固含量等性能指标,选取合适的材料,设计并研制了聚氨酯抗菌涂料与涂层.大肠杆菌试验表明,该涂层在抗菌剂含量质量分数为0.5%时,抗菌率达99.9%,具有优异的抗菌性能.涂料、涂层的基本性能测试表明,各项性能均符合要求.     

东华大学开发出纳米纤维保健服装

据媒体报道，东华大学在2006年中国国际高新技术交易会上展出的“负离子纤维及制品”，将一种纳米矿物质粉体混入纤维中，利用粉体特有的机理使纤维能持久释放负离子。不仅如此，这种负离子纤维面料还具有较强的远红外发射功能j能促进人体的血液微循环；由于负离子释放电荷，吸附灰尘，故能净化空气；它还有抗菌和杀菌功能，能破坏细菌活性致其死亡。因此，该面料的用途非常广泛。目前，东华大学已与有关企业联合开发出多种具备特殊性能的纺织品，如抗菌床单、抗菌袜子和抹布，抗紫外帽子、披肩，远红外保暖内衣，阻燃窗帘等。东华大学还对一般只能做麻袋的聚丙烯纤维进行了特殊加工，使之成功地用于内衣、T恤衫和牛仔裤等产品上。     

Detection of anions by normal Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cationic-coated substrates

The use of normal Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of cationic-coated silver and gold substrates to detect polyatomic anions in aqueous environments is examined. For normal Raman spectroscopy, using near-infrared excitation, linear concentration responses were observed. Detection limits varied from 84 ppm for perchlorate to 2600 ppm for phosphate. In general, detection limits in the ppb to ppm concentration range for the polyatomic anions were achieved using cationic-coated SERS substrates. Adsorption of the polyatomic anions on the cationic-coated SERS substrates was described by a Frumkin isotherm. The SERS technique could not be used to detect dichromate, as this anion reacted with the coatings to form thiol esters. A competitive complexation method was used to evaluate the interaction of chloride ion with the cationic coatings. Hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions play significant roles in the selectivity of the cationic coatings.     

A new hybrid ion exchanger: Effect of system parameters on the adsorption of vanadium (V)

The hybrid ion exchanger consisted of PONF-g-GMA anion fibrous exchanger and IRA-96 bead-type anion exchanger was developed by combining different types of layers with hot-melt adhesive. Its ion exchange capacity and the pressure drop with flow rate of water were measured and the adsorption of vanadium (V) ions on the hybrid ion exchanger was evaluated with various process parameters such as pH, initial concentration, and temperature. It was observed that the adsorption kinetics of vanadium (V) ions on the hybrid ion exchanger could be analyzed with pseudo-second-order model.     

Negatively Charged Carbon Nanodots with Bacteria Resistance Ability for High‐Performance Antibiofilm Formation and Anticorrosion Coating Design

Multifunctional coatings, especially those with simultaneous antibiofilm formation and anticorrosion properties are of great significance for the marine industry. Inspired by the function of fish mucus of blackhead fish, a biological epidermal secretion with negative surface potential that protects blackhead fish from colonization of microorganisms, a concept is introduced to use negatively charged carbon nanodots (CDs) as a secure and economical dual‐functional additive to prepare protective coatings. The prepared CDs with strong negative surface potential initiate robust antibiofilm formation (antiadhesion and antibacteria) and anticorrosion properties (about 60 days' durability in seawater) of polymeric coatings. The incorporated CDs with negative surface potential take effect in the following ways: 1) suppressing bacterial adhesion by virtue of strong electrostatic repulsion; 2) sterilizing anchored bacteria via destroying bacterial cell walls; 3) impeding electron ejection from the metallic surface; and 4) blocking aggressive species (H₂O and O₂) by narrowing the microchannels. This work provides a new train of thought propelling the development of potential materials for industrial and engineering applications.     

Quantification of silver ion release, in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of nanostuctured Ag doped TiO2 coatings on stainless steel deposited by RF magnetron sputtering

Surface treatments on biomaterials using several methods have greatly reduced the in vivo bacterial attachment, surface colonization and formation of biofilm. In this study, the effect of silver (Ag) ion release against in vitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of 1-4wt% Ag doped titania (TiO₂) thin film coatings were evaluated. These coatings were deposited for 1-6 h onto stainless steel substrate (SS) using (radio frequency) RF magnetron sputtering technique. The coatings predominantly in the crystalline anatase phase were configured using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed the presence of Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticles of less than 100 nm in all the coated surfaces confirming the formation of nanostructured coatings. An initial rapid release, followed by a sustained lower release of Ag ion concentration was measured between 0.45 and 122 ppb when all the coated substrates immersed in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) for 1-10 days. The obtained concentration was less than the maximum toxic concentration for human cells; yet achieved antibacterial concentration, sufficient to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. In vitro cytotoxicity results have indicated that 1-4 wt% of Ag doped TiO₂ coatings had no adverse effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation, confirming its cytocompatibility. The antibacterial assessment was performed on 1 and 2 wt% Ag-TiO₂ coatings using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) whereby significant antibacterial activity was observed in 2 wt% Ag-TiO₂ coatings.     

Quantification of silver ion release,in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of nanostuctured Ag doped TiO2 coatings on stainless steel deposited by RF magnetron sputtering

Surface treatments on biomaterials using several methods have greatly reduced the in vivo bacterial attachment, surface colonization and formation of biofilm. In this study, the effect of silver (Ag) ion release against in vitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of 1–4wt% Ag doped titania (TiO₂) thin film coatings were evaluated. These coatings were deposited for 1–6 h onto stainless steel substrate (SS) using (radio frequency) RF magnetron sputtering technique. The coatings predominantly in the crystalline anatase phase were configured using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed the presence of Ag–TiO₂ nanoparticles of less than 100 nm in all the coated surfaces confirming the formation of nanostructured coatings. An initial rapid release, followed by a sustained lower release of Ag ion concentration was measured between 0.45 and 122 ppb when all the coated substrates immersed in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) for 1–10 days. The obtained concentration was less than the maximum toxic concentration for human cells; yet achieved antibacterial concentration, sufficient to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. In vitro cytotoxicity results have indicated that 1–4 wt% of Ag doped TiO₂ coatings had no adverse effect on mouse fibroblast proliferation, confirming its cytocompatibility. The antibacterial assessment was performed on 1 and 2 wt% Ag–TiO₂ coatings using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) whereby significant antibacterial activity was observed in 2 wt% Ag–TiO₂ coatings.     

低温等离子体改性铝片降低细菌粘附的研究

铝片在二(乙二醇)甲醚／微波电子回旋共振(ECR Plasma)低温等离子体条件下进行处理．表面得到一层均匀、致密的涂层。经过电子光谱化学分析(XPS)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和生物活性的分析和表征,发现沉积的涂层为类PEG结构,表面主要聚集大量-CH2-CH2-O键;与改性前相比,等离子体处理的铝片表面能极大地降低细菌粘附。     

电弧离子镀制备(TiCr)N薄膜的微观结构及性能

利用电弧离子镀 (ArcIonPlating)方法 ,通过对独立的Ti靶和Cr靶的弧电流进行控制 ,成功地在高速钢 (HSS)基体上制备了不同成分配比的 (TiCr)N薄膜。采用X射线衍射 (XRD)分析显示 :薄膜为单一的fcc的结构、没有TiN或CrN相存在 ;薄膜呈 (2 2 0 )结构 ,薄膜的晶格常数随着Cr含量的增加而减小。透射电子显微镜 (TEM)结果表明 :(TiCr)N薄膜的晶粒尺度为2 0nm左右。显微硬度测试表明 :薄膜具有很高的硬度 ,而且随弧流比的变化 ,硬度值有一极大值。同时 ,本文探讨了 (TiCr)N薄膜的宏观残余应力、显微硬度和Cr含量之间的关系及其微观机制     

碳纳米管在导电涂料中的应用研究--(Ⅰ)碳纳米管对导电涂料导电性的影响

简述了导电涂料的用途和碳纳米管这种新型功能碳材料作为导电涂料导电介质的一些优点．研究了碳纳米管的管径，长径比，分散度以及用量对导电涂料导电性的影响。     

Use of Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the selectivity of bifunctional anion exchange resins for perchlorate

Raman spectroscopy is used to evaluate the selectivity of two bifunctional anion exchange resins, Purolite A-530 and Amberlite PWA-2. It was found that the adsorption of anions on the resins is described by a Frumkin isotherm, which is determined by the ion pair constant, K, and the Frumkin parameter, g. The ion pair constant, K, is a measure of the strength of interaction between the resin and the anion and the Frumkin parameter, g, takes into account interactions between adsorbed anions. Although both resins have a polystyrene backbone and trihexylammonium and triethylammonium functional groups, the Purolite A-530 resin exhibits greater selectivity for perchlorate. The only discernable differences between the two resins is that the Amberlite PWA-2 has a higher trihexylamine content and the Purolite A-530 resin exhibits greater cross-linking. How the trihexylamine/triethylamine content and the degree of cross-linking affects the performance of these resins is discussed.     

Selectivity in the coextraction of cation and anion by electrochemically modulated liquid-liquid extraction

Electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions has been presented as a method of electrochemically modulated liquid-liquid extraction, where ions in a mixture can be selectively partitioned as a function of the applied interfacial potential difference. In this study, a mixture comprising 4-octylbenzenesulfonate (4-OBSA-) and tetraethylammonium (TEA+) ions was evaluated. The application of negative potential differences enabled the selective extraction of 4-OBSA- into the organic phase, and more positive potential differences enabled the selective extraction of TEA+. However, intermediate potentials lead to the coextraction of both ions into the organic phase, with apparent selectivity for TEA+ over 4-OBSA-. An increased concentration of either ion in the mixture inhibited the extraction response of the other ion, but the order of the extraction at these intermediate potentials was always TEA+ followed by 4-OBSA-. The reasons for the selectivity for the cation over the anion are discussed.